TY - CHAP A1 - Rosin, Julia A1 - Kubalski, Thomas A1 - Butenweg, Christoph ED - Klinkel, Sven ED - Butenweg, Christoph ED - Lin, Gao ED - Holtschoppen, Britta T1 - Seismic isolation of cylindrical liquid storage tanks T2 - Seismic design of industrial facilities N2 - Seismic excited liquid filled tanks are subjected to extreme loading due to hydrodynamic pressures, which can lead to nonlinear stability failure of the thinwalled cylindrical tanks, as it is known from past earthquakes. A significant reduction of the seismically induced loads can be obtained by the application of base isolation systems, which have to be designed carefully with respect to the modified hydrodynamic behaviour of the tank in interaction with the liquid. For this reason a highly sophisticated fluid-structure interaction model has to be applied for a realistic simulation of the overall dynamic system. In the following, such a model is presented and compared with the results of simplified mathematical models for rigidly supported tanks. Finally, it is examined to what extent a simple mechanical model can represent the behaviour of a base isolated tank in case of seismic excitation Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-658-02810-7 SN - 978-3-658-02809-1 SN - 978-3-658-14037-3 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02810-7_36 N1 - International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities, Aachen, Germany, 26.-27.09.2013. https://sedif-conference.jimdofree.com/ SP - 429 EP - 440 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Milkova, Kristina A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Dumova-Jovanoska, Elena T1 - Methodology for development of seismic vulnerability curve for existing unreinforced Masonry buildings T2 - 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan, September 27 to October 2, 2021. N2 - Seismic behavior of an existing unreinforced masonry building built pre-modern code, located in the City of Ohrid, Republic of North Macedonia has been investigated in this paper. The analyzed school building is selected as an archetype in an ongoing project named “Seismic vulnerability assessment of existing masonry structures in Republic of North Macedonia (SeismoWall)”. Two independent segments were included in this research: Seismic hazard assessment by creating a cite specific response spectra and Seismic vulnerability definition by creating a region - specific series of vulnerability curves for the chosen building topology. A reliable Seismic Hazard Assessment for a selected region is a crucial point for performing a seismic risk analysis of a characteristic building class. In that manner, a scenario – based method that incorporates together the knowledge of tectonic style of the considered region, the active fault characterization, the earth crust model and the historical seismicity named Neo Deterministic approach is used for calculation of the response spectra for the location of the building. Variations of the rupturing process are taken into account in the nucleation point of the rupture, in the rupture velocity pattern and in the istribution of the slip on the fault. The results obtained from the multiple scenarios are obtained as an envelope of the response spectra computed for the cite using the procedure Maximum Credible Seismic Input (MCSI). Capacity of the selected building has been determined by using nonlinear static analysis. MINEA software (SDA Engineering) was used for verification of the structural safety of the chosen unreinforced masonry structure. In the process of optimization of the number of samples, computational cost required in a Monte Carlo simulation is significantly reduced since the simulation is performed on a polynomial response surface function for prediction of the structural response. Performance point, found as the intersection of the capacity of the building and the spectra used, is chosen as a response parameter. Five levels of damage limit states based on the capacity curve of the building are defined in dependency on the yield displacement and the maximum displacement. Maximum likelihood estimation procedure is utilized in the process of vulnerability curves determination. As a result, region specific series of vulnerability curves for the chosen type of masonry structures are defined. The obtained probabilities of exceedance a specific damage states as a result from vulnerability curves are compared with the observed damages happened after the earthquake in July 2017 in the City of Ohrid, North Macedonia. KW - Masonry structures KW - Vulnerability Curves KW - Capacity Curve KW - Neo-Deterministic KW - Seismic Hazard Y1 - 2020 N1 - Die Konferenz war ursprünglich für den 13-18 September 2020 angesetzt. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Bursi, Oreste S. A1 - Nardin, Chiara A1 - Lanese, Igor A1 - Pavese, Alberto A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Paolacci, Fabrizio A1 - Quinci, Gianluca T1 - Experimental investigation on the seismic performance of a multi-component system for major-hazard industrial facilities T2 - Pressure Vessels & Piping Virtual Conference July 13-15, 2021 N2 - Past earthquakes demonstrated the high vulnerability of industrial facilities equipped with complex process technologies leading to serious damage of the process equipment and multiple and simultaneous release of hazardous substances in industrial facilities. Nevertheless, the design of industrial plants is inadequately described in recent codes and guidelines, as they do not consider the dynamic interaction between the structure and the installations and thus the effect of seismic response of the installations on the response of the structure and vice versa. The current code-based approach for the seismic design of industrial facilities is considered not enough for ensure proper safety conditions against exceptional event entailing loss of content and related consequences. Accordingly, SPIF project (Seismic Performance of Multi-Component Systems in Special Risk Industrial Facilities) was proposed within the framework of the European H2020 - SERA funding scheme (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe). The objective of the SPIF project is the investigation of the seismic behaviour of a representative industrial structure equipped with complex process technology by means of shaking table tests. The test structure is a three-story moment resisting steel frame with vertical and horizontal vessels and cabinets, arranged on the three levels and connected by pipes. The dynamic behaviour of the test structure and of its relative several installations is investigated. Furthermore, both process components and primary structure interactions are considered and analyzed. Several PGA-scaled artificial ground motions are applied to study the seismic response at different levels. After each test, dynamic identification measurements are carried out to characterize the system condition. The contribution presents the experimental setup of the investigated structure and installations, selected measurement data and describes the obtained damage. Furthermore, important findings for the definition of performance limits, the effectiveness of floor response spectra in industrial facilities will be presented and discussed. KW - industrial facilities KW - piping KW - installations KW - seismic loading KW - earthquakes Y1 - 2021 SN - 9780791885352 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/PVP2021-61696 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Balaskas, Georgios A1 - Hoffmeister, Benno A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Pilz, Marco A1 - Bauer, Anna ED - Papadrakakis, Manolis ED - Fragiadakis, Michalis T1 - Earthquake early warning and response system based on intelligent seismic and monitoring sensors embedded in a communication platform and coupled with BIM models T2 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering N2 - This paper describes the concept of an innovative, interdisciplinary, user-oriented earthquake warning and rapid response system coupled with a structural health monitoring system (SHM), capable to detect structural damages in real time. The novel system is based on interconnected decentralized seismic and structural health monitoring sensors. It is developed and will be exemplarily applied on critical infrastructures in Lower Rhine Region, in particular on a road bridge and within a chemical industrial facility. A communication network is responsible to exchange information between sensors and forward warnings and status reports about infrastructures’health condition to the concerned recipients (e.g., facility operators, local authorities). Safety measures such as emergency shutdowns are activated to mitigate structural damages and damage propagation. Local monitoring systems of the infrastructures are integrated in BIM models. The visualization of sensor data and the graphic representation of the detected damages provide spatial content to sensors data and serve as a useful and effective tool for the decision-making processes after an earthquake in the region under consideration. KW - early warning and response system KW - interconnected sensor systems KW - seismic structural damage detection via SHM KW - integration SHM in BIM Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-618-85072-5-8 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120121.8539.18855 SN - 2623-3347 N1 - COMPDYN 2021 28-30 June 2021, Streamed from Athens, Greece SP - 987 EP - 998 PB - National Technical University of Athens CY - Athen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Milkova, Kristina A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Dumova-Jovanoska, Elena T1 - Region-sensitive comprehensive procedure for determination of seismic fragility curves T2 - 1st Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering 1CroCEE 22-24 March 2021 Zagreb, Croatia N2 - Seismic vulnerability estimation of existing structures is unquestionably interesting topic of high priority, particularly after earthquake events. Having in mind the vast number of old masonry buildings in North Macedonia serving as public institutions, it is evident that the structural assessment of these buildings is an issue of great importance. In this paper, a comprehensive methodology for the development of seismic fragility curves of existing masonry buildings is presented. A scenario – based method that incorporates the knowledge of the tectonic style of the considered region, the active fault characterization, the earth crust model and the historical seismicity (determined via the Neo Deterministic approach) is used for calculation of the necessary response spectra. The capacity of the investigated masonry buildings has been determined by using nonlinear static analysis. MINEA software (SDA Engineering) is used for verification of the structural safety of the structures Performance point, obtained from the intersection of the capacity of the building and the spectra used, is selected as a response parameter. The thresholds of the spectral displacement are obtained by splitting the capacity curve into five parts, utilizing empirical formulas which are represented as a function of yield displacement and ultimate displacement. As a result, four levels of damage limit states are determined. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure for the process of fragility curves determination is noted as a final step in the proposed procedure. As a result, region specific series of vulnerability curves for structures are defined. KW - seismic risk KW - seismic vulnerability KW - fragility curves KW - masonry structures Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/CO/1CroCEE.2021.158 SP - 121 EP - 128 PB - University of Zagreb CY - Zagreb ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Butenweg, Christoph ED - Kuzmanović, Vladan ED - Ignjatović, Ivan T1 - Integrated approach for monitoring and management of buildings with digital building models and modern sensor technologies T2 - Civil Engineering 2021 – Achievements and Visions: Proceedings of the International Conferenecs celebrating 175th Anniversary of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, October 25 – 26, 2021 Belgrade, Serbia Y1 - 2021 PB - University of Belgrade CY - Belgrade ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Milijaš, Aleksa A1 - Šakić, Bogdan A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Butenweg, Christoph ED - Papadrakakis, Manolis ED - Fragiadakis, Michalis T1 - Experimental investigation of behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames under out-of-plane loading T2 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering N2 - Masonry infills are commonly used as exterior or interior walls in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures and they can be encountered all over the world, including earthquake prone regions. Since the middle of the 20th century the behaviour of these non-structural elements under seismic loading has been studied in numerous experimental campaigns. However, most of the studies were carried out by means of in-plane tests, while there is a lack of out-of-plane experimental investigations. In this paper, the out-of-plane tests carried out on full scale masonry infilled frames are described. The results of the out-of-plane tests are presented in terms of force-displacement curves and measured out-of-plane displacements. Finally, the reliability of existing analytical approaches developed to estimate the out-of-plane strength of masonry infills is examined on presented experimental results. KW - Seismic loading KW - Masonry infill KW - Out-of-plane load KW - Out-of-plane strength Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-618-85072-5-8 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120121.8528.18914 SN - 2623-3347 N1 - COMPDYN 2021 28-30 June 2021, Streamed from Athens, Greece SP - 829 EP - 846 PB - National Technical University of Athens CY - Athen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Šakić, Bogdan A1 - Milijaš, Aleksa A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Klinkel, Sven ED - Papadrakakis, Manolis ED - Fragiadakis, Michalis T1 - Influence of prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane response of non-load bearing unreinforced masonry walls under seismic load T2 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering N2 - Reinforced concrete frames with masonry infill walls are popular form of construction all over the world as well in seismic regions. While severe earthquakes can cause high level of damage of both reinforced concrete and masonry infills, earthquakes of lower to medium intensity some-times can cause significant level of damage of masonry infill walls. Especially important is the level of damage of face loaded infill masonry walls (out-of-plane direction) as out-of-plane load cannot only bring high level of damage to the wall, it can also be life-threating for the people near the wall. The response in out-of-plane direction directly depends on the prior in-plane damage, as previous investigation shown that it decreases resistance capacity of the in-fills. Behaviour of infill masonry walls with and without prior in-plane load is investigated in the experimental campaign and the results are presented in this paper. These results are later compared with analytical approaches for the out-of-plane resistance from the literature. Conclusions based on the experimental campaign on the influence of prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane response of infill walls are compared with the conclusions from other authors who investigated the same problematic. KW - Earthquake Engineering KW - Unreinforced masonry walls KW - Out-of-plane load KW - In- plane damage KW - Out-of-plane failure Y1 - 2021 SN - 9786188507258 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120121.8527.18913 SN - 2623-3347 N1 - COMPDYN 2021 28-30 June 2021, Streamed from Athens, Greece SP - 808 EP - 828 PB - National Technical University of Athens CY - Athen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tomic, Igor A1 - Penna, Andrea A1 - DeJong, Matthew A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Senaldi, Ilaria A1 - Guerrini, Gabriele A1 - Malomo, Daniele A1 - Beyer, Katrin T1 - Blind predictions of shake table testing of aggregate masonry buildings T2 - 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan, September 27 to October 2, 2021. N2 - In many historical centers in Europe, stone masonry is part of building aggregates, which developed when the layout of the city or village was densified. The analysis of such building aggregates is very challenging and modelling guidelines missing. Advances in the development of analysis methods have been impeded by the lack of experimental data on the seismic response of such aggregates. The SERA project AIMS (Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures) provides such experimental data by testing an aggregate of two buildings under two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. With the aim to advance the modelling of unreinforced masonry aggregates, a blind prediction competition is organized before the experimental campaign. Each group has been provided a complete set of construction drawings, material properties, testing sequence and the list of measurements to be reported. The applied modelling approaches span from equivalent frame models to Finite Element models using shell elements and discrete element models with solid elements. This paper compares the first entries, regarding the modelling approaches, results in terms of base shear, roof displacements, interface openings, and the failure modes. KW - Historical centres KW - Stone masonry KW - Adjacent buildings KW - Shake table test KW - Blind prediction competition Y1 - 2020 N1 - Die Konferenz war ursprünglich für den 13-18 September 2020 angesetzt. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tomić, Igor A1 - Penna, Andrea A1 - DeJong, Matthew A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Correia, António A. A1 - Candeias, Paulo X. A1 - Senaldi, Ilaria A1 - Guerrini, Gabriele A1 - Malomo, Daniele A1 - Beyer, Katrin T1 - Seismic testing of adjacent interacting masonry structures T2 - 12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC 2020) N2 - In many historical centres in Europe, stone masonry buildings are part of building aggregates, which developed when the layout of the city or village was densified. In these aggregates, adjacent buildings share structural walls to support floors and roofs. Meanwhile, the masonry walls of the façades of adjacent buildings are often connected by dry joints since adjacent buildings were constructed at different times. Observations after for example the recent Central Italy earthquakes showed that the dry joints between the building units were often the first elements to be damaged. As a result, the joints opened up leading to pounding between the building units and a complicated interaction at floor and roof beam supports. The analysis of such building aggregates is very challenging and modelling guidelines do not exist. Advances in the development of analysis methods have been impeded by the lack of experimental data on the seismic response of such aggregates. The objective of the project AIMS (Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures), included in the H2020 project SERA, is to provide such experimental data by testing an aggregate of two buildings under two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. The test unit is built at half-scale, with a two-storey building and a one-storey building. The buildings share one common wall while the façade walls are connected by dry joints. The floors are at different heights leading to a complex dynamic response of this smallest possible building aggregate. The shake table test is conducted at the LNEC seismic testing facility. The testing sequence comprises four levels of shaking: 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of nominal shaking table capacity. Extensive instrumentation, including accelerometers, displacement transducers and optical measurement systems, provides detailed information on the building aggregate response. Special attention is paid to the interface opening, the globa KW - Historical centres KW - Stone masonry KW - Adjacent buildings KW - Shake table test Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.234 N1 - Wednesday, 16 September, 2020 to Friday, 18 September, 2020, Barcelona. SP - 1 EP - 12 ER -