TY - JOUR A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Flores Calvinisti, Santiago A1 - Butenweg, Christoph T1 - Numerical analysis of reinforced concrete frame buildings with decoupled infill walls T1 - Numerička analiza armiranobe tonskih okvirnih zgrada sa izolovanom zidanom ispunom JF - Building Materials and Structures JF - Građevinski materijali i konstrukcije N2 - Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with masonry infill walls are widely used in many countries all over the world. Although infills are considered as non-structural elements, they significantly change dynamic characteristics of RC frame structures during earthquake excitation. Recently, significant effort was spent on studying decoupled infills, which are isolated from the surrounding frame usually by adding a gap between frame and infill. In this case, the frame deformation does not activate infill wall, thus infills are not influencing the behaviour of the frame. This paper presents the results of the investigation of the behaviour of RC frame buildings with the INODIS system that decouples masonry infills from the surrounding frame. Effect of masonry infill decoupling was investigated first on the one-bay onestorey frame. This was used as a base for parametric study on the frames with more bays and storeys, as well as on the building level. Change of stiffness and dynamic characteristics was analysed as well as response under earthquake loading. Comparison with the bare frame and traditionally infilled frame was performed. The results show that behaviour of the decoupled infilled frames is similar to the bare frame, whereas behaviour of frames with traditional infills is significantly different and demands complex numerical models. This means that if adequate decoupling is applied, design of N2 - Armiranobetonske (AB) zgrade sa zidanom ispunom se izvode u mnogim zemljama širom sveta. Iako se zidana ispuna posmatra kao nekonstruktivni element, ona značajno utiče na promenu dinamičkih karakteristika AB ramovskih konstrukcija u toku zemljotresnog dejstva. Odskora, značajan napor je utrošen na istraživanje izolovanih ispuna, koje su odvojene od okolnog rama obično ostavljanjem prostora između rama i ispune. U ovom slučaju deformacija rama ne aktivira ispunu i na taj način ispuna ne utiče na ponašanje rama. Ovaj rad predstavlja rezultate istraživanja ponašanja AB ramovskih zgrada sa INODIS sistemom koji izoluje ispunu u odnosu na okolni ram. Uticaj izolovane ispune je prvo ispitan na jednospratnim i jednobrodnim ramovima. Ovo je iskorišćeno kao osnova za parametarsku analizu na višespratnim i višebrodnim ramovima, kao i na primeru zgrade. Promena krutosti i dinamičkih karakteristika je analizirano kao i odgovor pri zemljotresnom dejstvu. Izvršeno je poređenje sa praznom ramovskom konstrukcijom kao i ramovima ispunjenim ispunom na tradicionalni način. Rezultati pokazuju da je ponašanje ramova sa izolovanom ispunom slično ponašanju praznih ramova, dok je ponašanje ramova sa tradicionalnom ispunom daleko drugačije i zahteva kompleksne numeričke modele. Ovo znači da ukoliko se primeni adekvatna konstruktivna mera izolacije ispune, proračun ramovskim zgrada sa zidanom ispunom se može značajno pojednostaviti. KW - masonry infill KW - seismic KW - INODIS KW - in-plane behaviour KW - out-of-plane behaviour Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/GRMK2004013M SN - 2217-8139 N1 - Text serbisch, ab 2011 serbisch und englisch VL - 63 IS - 4 SP - 13 EP - 48 PB - Society for Materials and Structures Testing of Serbia CY - Belgrad ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Duran Paredes, Ludwin A1 - Mottaghy, Darius A1 - Herrmann, Ulf A1 - Groß, Rolf Fritz T1 - Online ground temperature and soil moisture monitoring of a shallow geothermal system with non-conventional components T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020 N2 - We present first results from a newly developed monitoring station for a closed loop geothermal heat pump test installation at our campus, consisting of helix coils and plate heat exchangers, as well as an ice-store system. There are more than 40 temperature sensors and several soil moisture content sensors distributed around the system, allowing a detailed monitoring under different operating conditions.In the view of the modern development of renewable energies along with the newly concepts known as Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 (high-tech strategy from the German government), we created a user-friendly web application, which will connect the things (sensors) with the open network (www). Besides other advantages, this allows a continuous remote monitoring of the data from the numerous sensors at an arbitrary sampling rate.Based on the recorded data, we will also present first results from numerical simulations, taking into account all relevant heat transport processes.The aim is to improve the understanding of these processes and their influence on the thermal behavior of shallow geothermal systems in the unsaturated zone. This will in turn facilitate the prediction of the performance of these systems and therefore yield an improvement in their dimensioning when designing a specific shallow geothermal installation. Y1 - 2020 N1 - Online 4–8 May 2020 [Session ERE2.8] EGU2020-19052 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sattler, Johannes, Christoph A1 - Caminos, Ricardo Alexander Chico A1 - Ürlings, Nicolas A1 - Dutta, Siddharth A1 - Ruiz, Victor A1 - Kalogirou, Soteris A1 - Ktistis, Panayiotis A1 - Agathokleous, Rafaela A1 - Jung, Christian A1 - Alexopoulos, Spiros A1 - Atti, Vikrama Nagababu A1 - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José A1 - Herrmann, Ulf T1 - Operational experience and behaviour of a parabolic trough collector system with concrete thermal energy storage for process steam generation in Cyprus T2 - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0029278 IS - 2303 SP - 140004-1 EP - 140004-10 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Butenweg, Christoph T1 - Out-of-plane behavior of decoupled masonry infills under seismic loading T2 - 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan, September 27 to October 2, 2021. N2 - Masonry is used in many buildings not only for load-bearing walls, but also for non-load-bearing enclosure elements in the form of infill walls. Many studies confirmed that infill walls interact with the surrounding reinforced concrete frame, thus changing dynamic characteristics of the structure. Consequently, masonry infills cannot be neglected in the design process. However, although the relevant standards contain requirements for infill walls, they do not describe how these requirements are to be met concretely. This leads in practice to the fact that the infill walls are neither dimensioned nor constructed correctly. The evidence of this fact is confirmed by the recent earthquakes, which have led to enormous damages, sometimes followed by the total collapse of buildings and loss of human lives. Recently, the increasing effort has been dedicated to the approach of decoupling of masonry infills from the frame elements by introducing the gap in between. This helps in removing the interaction between infills and frame, but raises the question of out-of-plane stability of the panel. This paper presents the results of the experimental campaign showing the out-of-plane behavior of masonry infills decoupled with the system called INODIS (Innovative decoupled infill system), developed within the European project INSYSME (Innovative Systems for Earthquake Resistant Masonry Enclosures in Reinforced Concrete Buildings). Full scale specimens were subjected to the different loading conditions and combinations of in-plane and out-of-plane loading. Out-of-plane capacity of the masonry infills with the INODIS system is compared with traditionally constructed infills, showing that INODIS system provides reliable out-of-plane connection under various loading conditions. In contrast, traditional infills performed very poor in the case of combined and simultaneously applied in-plane and out-of-plane loading, experiencing brittle behavior under small in-plane drifts followed by high out-of-plane displacements. Decoupled infills with the INODIS system have remained stable under out-of-plane loads, even after reaching high in-plane drifts and being damaged. KW - in-plane KW - out-of-plane KW - INODIS KW - earthquake KW - connection detail Y1 - 2020 N1 - Die Konferenz war ursprünglich für den 13-18 September 2020 angesetzt. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nobis, Moritz A1 - Schmitt, Carlo A1 - Schemm, Ralf A1 - Schnettler, Armin T1 - Pan-European CVAR-constrained stochastic unit commitment in day-ahead and intraday electricity markets JF - Energies N2 - The fundamental modeling of energy systems through individual unit commitment decisions is crucial for energy system planning. However, current large-scale models are not capable of including uncertainties or even risk-averse behavior arising from forecasting errors of variable renewable energies. However, risks associated with uncertain forecasting errors have become increasingly relevant within the process of decarbonization. The intraday market serves to compensate for these forecasting errors. Thus, the uncertainty of forecasting errors results in uncertain intraday prices and quantities. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-stage risk-constrained stochastic optimization approach to fundamentally model unit commitment decisions facing an uncertain intraday market. By the nesting of Lagrangian relaxation and an extended Benders decomposition, this model can be applied to large-scale, e.g., pan-European, power systems. The approach is applied to scenarios for 2023—considering a full nuclear phase-out in Germany—and 2035—considering a full coal phase-out in Germany. First, the influence of the risk factors is evaluated. Furthermore, an evaluation of the market prices shows an increase in price levels as well as an increasing day-ahead-intraday spread in 2023 and in 2035. Finally, it is shown that intraday cross-border trading has a significant influence on trading volumes and prices and ensures a more efficient allocation of resources. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092339 SN - 1996-1073 N1 - Special Issue Uncertainties and Risk Management in Competitive Energy Markets VL - 13 IS - Art. 2339 SP - 1 EP - 35 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sattler, Johannes, Christoph A1 - Röger, Marc A1 - Schwarzbözl, Peter A1 - Buck, Reiner A1 - Macke, Ansgar A1 - Raeder, Christian A1 - Göttsche, Joachim T1 - Review of heliostat calibration and tracking control methods JF - Solar Energy N2 - Large scale central receiver systems typically deploy between thousands to more than a hundred thousand heliostats. During solar operation, each heliostat is aligned individually in such a way that the overall surface normal bisects the angle between the sun’s position and the aim point coordinate on the receiver. Due to various tracking error sources, achieving accurate alignment ≤1 mrad for all the heliostats with respect to the aim points on the receiver without a calibration system can be regarded as unrealistic. Therefore, a calibration system is necessary not only to improve the aiming accuracy for achieving desired flux distributions but also to reduce or eliminate spillage. An overview of current larger-scale central receiver systems (CRS), tracking error sources and the basic requirements of an ideal calibration system is presented. Leading up to the main topic, a description of general and specific terms on the topics heliostat calibration and tracking control clarifies the terminology used in this work. Various figures illustrate the signal flows along various typical components as well as the corresponding monitoring or measuring devices that indicate or measure along the signal (or effect) chain. The numerous calibration systems are described in detail and classified in groups. Two tables allow the juxtaposition of the calibration methods for a better comparison. In an assessment, the advantages and disadvantages of individual calibration methods are presented. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.06.030 VL - 207 SP - 110 EP - 132 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Marinkovic, Marko A1 - Butenweg, Christoph T1 - Seismic behaviour of RC frames with uncoupled masonry infills having two storeys or two bays T2 - 17th International Conference -From historical to sustainable masonry, Krakow, Poland, July 5-8, 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003098508-72 SP - 1 EP - 7 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Cacciatore, Pamela A1 - Butenweg, Christoph T1 - Seismic safety of cylindrical granular material steel silos under seismic loading T2 - Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020: proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (SeDIF-Conference) Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-86359-729-0 SP - 231 EP - 244 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tomić, Igor A1 - Penna, Andrea A1 - DeJong, Matthew A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Correia, António A. A1 - Candeias, Paulo X. A1 - Senaldi, Ilaria A1 - Guerrini, Gabriele A1 - Malomo, Daniele A1 - Beyer, Katrin T1 - Seismic testing of adjacent interacting masonry structures T2 - 12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC 2020) N2 - In many historical centres in Europe, stone masonry buildings are part of building aggregates, which developed when the layout of the city or village was densified. In these aggregates, adjacent buildings share structural walls to support floors and roofs. Meanwhile, the masonry walls of the façades of adjacent buildings are often connected by dry joints since adjacent buildings were constructed at different times. Observations after for example the recent Central Italy earthquakes showed that the dry joints between the building units were often the first elements to be damaged. As a result, the joints opened up leading to pounding between the building units and a complicated interaction at floor and roof beam supports. The analysis of such building aggregates is very challenging and modelling guidelines do not exist. Advances in the development of analysis methods have been impeded by the lack of experimental data on the seismic response of such aggregates. The objective of the project AIMS (Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures), included in the H2020 project SERA, is to provide such experimental data by testing an aggregate of two buildings under two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. The test unit is built at half-scale, with a two-storey building and a one-storey building. The buildings share one common wall while the façade walls are connected by dry joints. The floors are at different heights leading to a complex dynamic response of this smallest possible building aggregate. The shake table test is conducted at the LNEC seismic testing facility. The testing sequence comprises four levels of shaking: 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of nominal shaking table capacity. Extensive instrumentation, including accelerometers, displacement transducers and optical measurement systems, provides detailed information on the building aggregate response. Special attention is paid to the interface opening, the globa KW - Historical centres KW - Stone masonry KW - Adjacent buildings KW - Shake table test Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.234 N1 - Wednesday, 16 September, 2020 to Friday, 18 September, 2020, Barcelona. SP - 1 EP - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Rosin, Julia T1 - Seismischer Nachweis von Mauerwerksbauten in deutschen Erdbebengebieten JF - Mauerwerk N2 - Mit finanzieller Unterstützung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Mauerwerks- und Wohnungsbau e.V. (DGfM) und des Deutschen Instituts für Bautechnik in Berlin (DIBt) wurden zwei aufeinander aufbauende Forschungsvorhaben zur Verbesserung der seismischen Nachweise von Mauerwerksbauten in deutschen Erdbebengebieten durchgeführt. Zunächst wurde das seismische Verhalten von drei modernen unbewehrten Mauerwerksgebäuden in der Region Emilia Romagna in Italien während der Erdbebenserie im Jahr 2012 in Kooperation mit der Universität Pavia eingehend untersucht. Aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen dieser Untersuchungen wurde ein verbessertes seismisches Bemessungskonzept für unbewehrte Mauerwerksbauten erarbeitet. Der Beitrag stellt die wesentlichen Ergebnisse dieser Forschungsarbeiten und deren Eingang in die Normung vor. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dama.202000006 SN - 1437-1022 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 108 EP - 113 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER -