TY  - CHAP
A1  - Mertens, Josef
T1  - Laminar leading edges: manufacturing, contamination, and operational aspects - results from the German RaWid programme
N2  - RaWid was the German national technology programme on transonic aerodynamics and supporting technologies, lasting from 1995 to 1998. One of the main topics was laminar wing development. Besides aerodynamic design work, many operational aspects were investigated. A manufacturing concept was developed to be applied to operational laminar wings and empennages. It was built in a large scale manufacturing demonstrator with the aerodynamic shape of a 1,5 m section of the A320 fin nose. Tolerances in shape and roughness fulfilled all requirements. The construction can easily be adapted to varying stiffness and strength requirements. Weight and manufacturing costs are comparable to common nose designs. The mock-up to be designed in ALTTA is based on this manufacturing principle. Another critical point is contamination of suction surfaces. Several tests were performed to investigate perforated titanium suction surfaces at realistic operational conditions: - a one year flight test with a suction plate in the stagnation area of the Airbus "Beluga" - a one year test of several suction plates in a ground test near the airport - a one year test of a working suction ground test installation at all weather conditions. No critical results were found. There is no long term suction degradation visible. Icing conditions and ground de-icing fluids used on airports did not pose severe problems. Some problems detected require only respection of weak design constraints.
KW  - Laminare Strömung
KW  - Ansaugsystem
KW  - Profilumströmung
KW  - Laminarprofil
KW  - RaWid
KW  - hybrid laminar flow
KW  - suction systems
KW  - suction structure
KW  - contamination
KW  - operational aspects
Y1  - 2000
ER  -