TY - JOUR A1 - Al-Kaidy, Huschyar A1 - Kuthan, Kai A1 - Hering, Thomas A1 - Tippkötter, Nils T1 - Aqueous droplets used as enzymatic microreactors and their electromagnetic actuation JF - Journal of Visualized Experiments N2 - For the successful implementation of microfluidic reaction systems, such as PCR and electrophoresis, the movement of small liquid volumes is essential. In conventional lab-on-a-chip-platforms, solvents and samples are passed through defined microfluidic channels with complex flow control installations. The droplet actuation platform presented here is a promising alternative. With it, it is possible to move a liquid drop (microreactor) on a planar surface of a reaction platform (lab-in-a-drop). The actuation of microreactors on the hydrophobic surface of the platform is based on the use of magnetic forces acting on the outer shell of the liquid drops which is made of a thin layer of superhydrophobic magnetite particles. The hydrophobic surface of the platform is needed to avoid any contact between the liquid core and the surface to allow a smooth movement of the microreactor. On the platform, one or more microreactors with volumes of 10 µL can be positioned and moved simultaneously. The platform itself consists of a 3 x 3 matrix of electrical double coils which accommodate either neodymium or iron cores. The magnetic field gradients are automatically controlled. By variation of the magnetic field gradients, the microreactors' magnetic hydrophobic shell can be manipulated automatically to move the microreactor or open the shell reversibly. Reactions of substrates and corresponding enzymes can be initiated by merging the microreactors or bringing them into contact with surface immobilized catalysts. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3791/54643 SN - 1940-087X IS - Issue 126 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Figueroa-Miranda, Gabriela A1 - Feng, Lingyan A1 - Shiu, Simon Chi-Chin A1 - Dirkzwager, Roderick Marshall A1 - Cheung, Yee-Wai A1 - Tanner, Julian Alexander A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Offenhäusser, Andreas A1 - Mayer, Dirk T1 - Aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive and selective malaria detection with adjustable dynamic response range and reusability JF - Sensor and Actuators B: Chemical N2 - Malaria infection remains a significant risk for much of the population of tropical and subtropical areas, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, it is of high importance to develop sensitive, accurate and inexpensive malaria diagnosis tests. Here, we present a novel aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor (aptasensor) for malaria detection by impedance spectroscopy, through the specific recognition between a highly discriminatory DNA aptamer and its target Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH). Interestingly, due to the isoelectric point (pI) of PfLDH, the aptasensor response showed an adjustable detection range based on the different protein net-charge at variable pH environments. The specific aptamer recognition allows sensitive protein detection with an expanded detection range and a low detection limit, as well as a high specificity for PfLDH compared to analogous proteins. The specific feasibility of the aptasensor is further demonstrated by detection of the target PfLDH in human serum. Furthermore, the aptasensor can be easily regenerated and thus applied for multiple usages. The robustness, sensitivity, and reusability of the presented aptasensor make it a promising candidate for point-of-care diagnostic systems. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.07.117 SN - 0925-4005 VL - 255 IS - P1 SP - 235 EP - 243 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfaff, Raphael T1 - Apps für den Güterwagen? Wie der Güterwagen 4.0 die effiziente Integration der Güterbahn in ERTMS ermöglicht JF - Ingenieurspiegel Y1 - 2017 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grotendorst, Johannes T1 - Approximating functions by means of symbolic computation and a general extrapolation method JF - Computer Physics Communications. 59 (1990), H. 2 Y1 - 1990 SN - 0010-4655 SP - 289 EP - 301 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ferrein, Alexander A1 - Dylla, Frank A1 - Lakemeyer, Gerhard A1 - Murray, Jan T1 - Approaching a formal soccer theory from behaviour specifications in robotic soccer / Dylla, Frank ; Ferrein, Alexander ; Lakemeyer, Gerhard ; Murray, Jan ; Obst, Oliver ; Röfer, Thomas ; Schiffer, Stefan ; Stolzenburg, Frieder ; Visser, Ubbo ; Wagner, Tho JF - Computers in sport / editors: P Dabnichki Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-1-8456-4064-4 SP - 161 EP - 185 PB - WIT Press CY - Southampton ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ojovan, Michael I. A1 - Steinmetz, Hans-Jürgen T1 - Approaches to Disposal of Nuclear Waste JF - Energies N2 - We present a concise mini overview on the approaches to the disposal of nuclear waste currently used or deployed. The disposal of nuclear waste is the end point of nuclear waste management (NWM) activities and is the emplacement of waste in an appropriate facility without the intention to retrieve it. The IAEA has developed an internationally accepted classification scheme based on the end points of NWM, which is used as guidance. Retention times needed for safe isolation of waste radionuclides are estimated based on the radiotoxicity of nuclear waste. Disposal facilities usually rely on a multi-barrier defence system to isolate the waste from the biosphere, which comprises the natural geological barrier and the engineered barrier system. Disposal facilities could be of a trench type, vaults, tunnels, shafts, boreholes, or mined repositories. A graded approach relates the depth of the disposal facilities’ location with the level of hazard. Disposal practices demonstrate the reliability of nuclear waste disposal with minimal expected impacts on the environment and humans. KW - borehole disposal KW - geological disposal KW - disposal facility KW - retention time KW - nuclear waste Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207804 SN - 1996-1073 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Treatment of Radioactive Waste and Sustainability Energy" VL - 15 IS - 20 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Faßbender, Heinz A1 - Bühler, Gerhard T1 - Applying Ada, Java and CORBA for making a command and control information system platform independent JF - Proceedings : (SIGAda '99) ; October 17 - 21, 1999 ; Crowne Plaza, Redondo Beach & Marine Hotel, Redondo Beach, CA, USA / ACM SIGAda Annual International Conference Y1 - 1999 SN - 1-58113-127-5 N1 - (Ada letters ; 19,3) SP - 83 EP - 88 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yoshinobu, T. A1 - Yasuhito, U. A1 - Iwasaki, H. A1 - Näther, Niko A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Koudelka-Hep, M. T1 - Applications of the light-addressable potentiometric sensor to microfluidic devices JF - Digest of technical papers : September 12 - 15, 2004, Rome, Italy, Pontificia Universitas Sancto Thoma Aquinate in Urbe / [conference chairperson: C. Di Natale]. Y1 - 2004 SN - 88-7621-282-5 N1 - Eurosensors ; (18, 2004, Roma) SP - 434 EP - 437 CY - Roma ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schütz, S. A1 - Hummel, Hans E. A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Schroth, P. A1 - Kordos, P. A1 - Lüth, H. A1 - Zimmermann, S. A1 - Schwarz, A. A1 - Kohl, C.-D. A1 - Koczan, D. T1 - Applications and perspectives of biosensors based on insect olfaction JF - Sensor 99 : proceedings / 9th International Fair and Conference for Sensors, Transducers & Systems, May 18 - 20, 1999, Exhibition Centre Nürnberg/Germany Y1 - 1999 N1 - Internationale Messe mit Kongreß für Sensoren, Meßaufnehmer & Systeme ; (9, 1999, Nürnberg) SP - 99 EP - 104 PB - AMA Service CY - Wunstorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Iding, Hans A1 - Siegert, Petra A1 - Mesch, K. A1 - Pohl, Martina T1 - Application of α-keto acid decarboxylases in biotransformations JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta (BBA) - Protein structure and molecular enzymology Y1 - 1998 SN - 1879-2588 (E-Journal); 0167-4838 (Print) VL - Vol. 1385 IS - Iss. 2 SP - 307 EP - 322 ER -