TY  - JOUR
A1  - Khodaverdi, M.
A1  - Chatziioannou, A. F.
A1  - Weber, S.
A1  - Ziemons, Karl
A1  - Halling, H.
A1  - Pietrzyk, U.
T1  - Investigation of different MicroCT scanner configurations by GEANT4 simulations
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
N2  - This study has been performed to design the combination of the new ClearPET (ClearPET is a trademark of the Crystal Clear Collaboration), a small animal positron emission tomography (PET) system, with a micro-computed tomography (microCT) scanner. The properties of different microCT systems have been determined by simulations based on GEANT4. We will demonstrate the influence of the detector material and the X-ray spectrum on the obtained contrast. Four different detector materials (selenium, cadmium zinc telluride, cesium iodide and gadolinium oxysulfide) and two X-ray spectra (a molybdenum and a tungsten source) have been considered. The spectra have also been modified by aluminum filters of varying thickness. The contrast between different tissue types (water, air, brain, bone and fat) has been simulated by using a suitable phantom. The results indicate the possibility to improve the image contrast in microCT by an optimized combination of the X-ray source and detector material.
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0018-9499
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
SP  - 188
EP  - 192
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Achten, Richard
A1  - Bauer, Andreas
A1  - Bertram, Walter
A1  - Cremer, Markus
A1  - Daemen, Jos
A1  - Dehnhardt, Markus
A1  - Fleischer, Manfred
A1  - Kirchner, Peter
A1  - Leyendecker, Marco
A1  - Pietrzyk, Uwe
A1  - Schmitz, Jakob
A1  - Ziemons, Karl
A1  - Zilles, Karl
T1  - Vorrichtung zum Halten eines lebenden Objektes bei physiologischen Messungen
N2  - Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Halten eines lebenden Objektes bei physiologischen Messungen mit einem Basiselement und Mitteln zum Arretieren des lebenden Objektes, die atraumatische Ohrenhalter sowie ein Mundstück aufweisen, das mit einer Aussparung für die Zähne des Lebewesens versehen ist, mit einem Masseanteil von wenigstens 95% an glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff.
Y1  - 2005
N1  - Patent Anmelder : Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Streun, M.
A1  - Christ, D.
A1  - Hellendung, A.
A1  - Larue, H.
A1  - Ziemons, Karl
A1  - Halling, H.
T1  - Effects of crosstalk and gain nonuniformity using multichannel PMTs in the Clearpet® scanner
JF  - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
N2  - The ClearPET® scanners developed by the Crystal Clear Collaboration use multichannel PMTs as photodetectors with scintillator pixels coupled individually to each channel. In order to localize an event each channel anode is connected to a comparator that triggers when the anode signal exceeds a common predefined threshold. Two major difficulties here are crosstalk of light and the gain nonuniformity of the PMT channels. Crosstalk can generate false triggering in channels adjacent to the actual event. On the one hand this can be suppressed by sufficiently increasing the threshold, but on the other hand a threshold too high can already prevent valid events on the lower gain channels from being detected. Finally, both effects restrict the dynamic range of pulse heights that can be processed. The requirements to the dynamic range are not low as the ClearPET® scanners detect the depth of interaction by phoswich pixels consisting of LSO and Lu0.7Y0.3AP, two scintillators with different light yields. We will present a model to estimate the achievable dynamic range and show solutions to increase it.
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0168-9002
N1  - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Inorganic Scintillators and their Use in Scientific and Industrial Applications
VL  - 537
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 402
EP  - 405
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ziemons, Karl
A1  - Auffray, E.
A1  - Barbier, R.
A1  - Brandenburg, G.
A1  - Bruyndonckx, P.
T1  - The ClearPET™ project: Development of a 2nd generation high-performance small animal PET scanner
JF  - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
N2  - Second generation high-performance PET scanners, called ClearPET™1, have been developed by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). High sensitivity and high spatial resolution for the ClearPET camera is achieved by using a phoswich arrangement combining two different types of lutetium-based scintillator materials: LSO from CTI and LuYAP:Ce from the CCC (ISTC project). In a first ClearPET prototype, phoswich arrangements of 8×8 crystals of 2×2×10 mm3 are coupled to multi-channel photomultiplier tubes (Hamamatsu R7600). A unit of four PMTs arranged in-line represents one of 20 sectors of the ring design. The opening diameter of the ring is 120 mm, the axial detector length is 110 mm.The PMT pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the exact pulse starting time, which is subsequently used for coincidence detection. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view.

Preliminary data shows a correct identification of the crystal layer about (98±1)%. Typically the energy resolution is (23.3±0.5)% for the luyap layer and (15.4±0.4)% for the lso layer. early studies showed the timing resolution of 2 ns FWHM and 4.8 ns FWTM. the intrinsic spatial resolution ranges from 1.37 mm to 1.61 mm full-width of half-maximum (FWHM) with a mean of 1.48 mm FWHM. further improvements in image and energy resolution are expected when the system geometry is fully modeled.
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0168-9002
N1  - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Inorganic Scintillators and their Use in Scientific and Industrial Applications
VL  - 537
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 307
EP  - 311
ER  -