TY - JOUR A1 - Biewendt, Marcel A1 - Blaschke, Florian A1 - Böhnert, Arno T1 - A review of contemporary challenges in business culture JF - International Journal of Applied Research in Business and Management N2 - The following article deals with the basic principles of intercultural management and possible improvements in terms of cultural, ethnic and gender diversification. The results are exemplarily applied to a bank located in Germany. The aim of this paper is to find out to what extent intercultural management could improve the productivity of Relatos-Bank in dealing with foreign employees or employees with a different cultural background. To achieve this goal, the authors con-duct a literature research. The main sources of information are books, journal articles and internet sources. It becomes clear that especially the different perceptions of different generations have a potential for conflict, which can be counteracted by applying presented scientific models. Equalizing the salaries of female and male employees and equalizing the rights and distribution of power could also be the key to becoming an open-minded, dynamic and fair organization that is pre-pared for the rapidly changing environment in which it operates. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.51137/ijarbm.2021.2.1.1 SN - 2700-8983 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wohllebe & Ross Publishing CY - Hamburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biewendt, Marcel A1 - Blaschke, Florian A1 - Böhnert, Arno T1 - Motivational factors in organisational change JF - SocioEconomic Challenges N2 - The presented paper gives an overview of the most important and most common theories and concepts from the economic field of organisational change and is also enriched with quantitative publication data, which underlines the relevance of the topic. In particular, the topic presented is interwoven in an interdisciplinary way with economic psychological models, which are underpinned within the models with content from leading scholars in the field. The pace of change in companies is accelerating, as is technological change in our society. Adaptations of the corporate structure, but also of management techniques and tasks, are therefore indispensable. This includes not only the right approaches to employee motivation, but also the correct use of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. Based on the hypothesis put forward by the scientist and researcher Rollinson in his book “Organisational behaviour and analysis” that managers believe motivational resources are available at all times, socio-economic and economic psychological theories are contrasted here in order to critically examine this statement. In addition, a fictitious company was created as a model for this work in order to illustrate the effects of motivational deficits in practice. In this context, the theories presented are applied to concrete problems within the model and conclusions are drawn about their influence and applicability. This led to the conclusion that motivation is a very individual challenge for each employee, which requires adapted and personalised approaches. On the other hand, the recommendations for action for supervisors in the case of motivation deficits also cannot be answered in a blanket manner, but can only be solved with the help of professional, expert-supported processing due to the economic-psychological realities of motivation. Identifying, analysing and remedying individual employee motivation deficits is, according to the authors, a problem and a challenge of great importance, especially in the context of rapidly changing ecosystems in modern companies, as motivation also influences other factors such as individual productivity. The authors therefore conclude that good motivation through the individual and customised promotion and further training of employees is an important point for achieving important corporate goals in order to remain competitive on the one hand and to create a productive and pleasant working environment on the other. KW - business culture KW - management KW - motivation KW - change Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21272/sec.5(3).15-27.2021 SN - 2520-6214 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 15 EP - 27 PB - ARMG CY - Sumy ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fiedler, Thomas M. A1 - Orzada, Stephan A1 - Flöser, Martina A1 - Rietsch, Stefan H. G. A1 - Quick, Harald H. A1 - Ladd, Mark E. A1 - Bitz, Andreas T1 - Performance analysis of integrated RF microstrip transmit antenna arrays with high channel count for body imaging at 7 T JF - NMR in Biomedicine N2 - The aim of the current study was to investigate the performance of integrated RF transmit arrays with high channel count consisting of meander microstrip antennas for body imaging at 7 T and to optimize the position and number of transmit ele- ments. RF simulations using multiring antenna arrays placed behind the bore liner were performed for realistic exposure conditions for body imaging. Simulations were performed for arrays with as few as eight elements and for arrays with high channel counts of up to 48 elements. The B1+ field was evaluated regarding the degrees of freedom for RF shimming in the abdomen. Worst-case specific absorption rate (SARwc ), SAR overestimation in the matrix compression, the number of virtual obser- vation points (VOPs) and SAR efficiency were evaluated. Constrained RF shimming was performed in differently oriented regions of interest in the body, and the devia- tion from a target B1+ field was evaluated. Results show that integrated multiring arrays are able to generate homogeneous B1+ field distributions for large FOVs, espe- cially for coronal/sagittal slices, and thus enable body imaging at 7 T with a clinical workflow; however, a low duty cycle or a high SAR is required to achieve homoge- neous B1+ distributions and to exploit the full potential. In conclusion, integrated arrays allow for high element counts that have high degrees of freedom for the pulse optimization but also produce high SARwc , which reduces the SAR accuracy in the VOP compression for low-SAR protocols, leading to a potential reduction in array performance. Smaller SAR overestimations can increase SAR accuracy, but lead to a high number of VOPs, which increases the computational cost for VOP evaluation and makes online SAR monitoring or pulse optimization challenging. Arrays with interleaved rings showed the best results in the study. KW - body imaging at UHF MRI KW - integrated transmit coil arrays KW - VOP compression Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.4515 SN - 0952-3480 (ISSN) SN - 1099-1492 (eISSN) VL - 34 IS - 7 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleefeld, Andreas T1 - The hot spots conjecture can be false: some numerical examples JF - Advances in Computational Mathematics N2 - The hot spots conjecture is only known to be true for special geometries. This paper shows numerically that the hot spots conjecture can fail to be true for easy to construct bounded domains with one hole. The underlying eigenvalue problem for the Laplace equation with Neumann boundary condition is solved with boundary integral equations yielding a non-linear eigenvalue problem. Its discretization via the boundary element collocation method in combination with the algorithm by Beyn yields highly accurate results both for the first non-zero eigenvalue and its corresponding eigenfunction which is due to superconvergence. Additionally, it can be shown numerically that the ratio between the maximal/minimal value inside the domain and its maximal/minimal value on the boundary can be larger than 1 + 10− 3. Finally, numerical examples for easy to construct domains with up to five holes are provided which fail the hot spots conjecture as well. KW - Numerics KW - Boundary integral equations KW - Potential theory KW - Helmholtz equation KW - Interior Neumann eigenvalues Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10444-021-09911-5 SN - 1019-7168 VL - 47 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wild, Dominik A1 - Czupalla, Markus A1 - Förstner, Roger T1 - Modeling, prediction and test of additive manufactured integral structures with embedded lattice and phase change material applying Infused Thermal Solutions (ITS) T2 - ICES104: Advances in Thermal Control Technology N2 - Infused Thermal Solutions (ITS) introduces a method for passive thermal control to stabilize structural components thermally without active heating and cooling systems, but with phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage (TES), in combination with lattice - both embedded in additive manufactured functional structures. In this ITS follow-on paper a thermal model approach and associated predictions are presented, related on the ITS functional breadboards developed at FH Aachen. Predictive TES by PCM is provided by a specially developed ITS PCM subroutine, which is applicable in ESATAN. The subroutine is based on the latent heat storage (LHS) method to numerically embed thermo-physical PCM behavior. Furthermore, a modeling approach is introduced to numerically consider the virtual PCM/lattice nodes within the macro-encapsulated PCM voids of the double wall ITS design. Related on these virtual nodes, in-plane and out-of-plane conductive links are defined. The recent additive manufactured ITS breadboard series are thermally cycled in the thermal vacuum chamber, both with and without embedded PCM. Related on breadboard hardware tests, measurement results are compared with predictions and are subsequently correlated. The results of specific simulations and measurements are presented. Recent predictive results of star tracker analyses are also presented in ICES-2021-106, based on this ITS PCM subroutine. KW - latent heat KW - thermo-physical KW - lattice KW - ESATAN KW - subroutine KW - PCM KW - ITS Y1 - 2021 N1 - 50th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 12-15 July 2021, held virtually PB - Texas Tech University CY - Lubbock, Tex. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohlberger, David-Sharif A1 - Wild, Dominik A1 - Kasper, Stefan A1 - Czupalla, Markus T1 - Modeling and analyses of a thermal passively stabilized LEO/GEO star tracker with embedded phase change material applying the Infused Thermal Solutions (ITS) method T2 - ICES202: Satellite, Payload, and Instrument Thermal Control N2 - Phase change materials offer a way of storing excess heat and releasing it when it is needed. They can be utilized as a method to control thermal behavior without the need for additional energy. This work focuses on exploring the potential of using phase change materials to passively control the thermal behavior of a star tracker by infusing it with a fitting phase change material. Based on the numerical model of the star trackers thermal behavior using ESATAN-TMS without implemented phase change material, a fitting phase change material for selected orbits is chosen and implemented in the thermal model. The altered thermal behavior of the numerical model after the implementation is analyzed for different amounts of the chosen phase change materials using an ESATAN-based subroutine developed by the FH Aachen. The PCM-modelling-subroutine is explained in the paper ICES-2021-110. The results show that an increasing amount of phase change material increasingly damps temperature oscillations. Using an integral part structure some of the mass increase can be compensated. KW - passive thermal control KW - PCM KW - star tracker KW - Infused Thermal Solutions KW - GEO KW - LEO Y1 - 2021 N1 - 50th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 12-15 July 2021, held virtually PB - Texas Tech University CY - Lubbock, Tex. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schopen, Oliver A1 - Kemper, Hans A1 - Esch, Thomas T1 - Development of a comparison methodology and evaluation matrix for electrically driven compressors in ICE and FC T2 - Proceedings of the 1st UNITED – Southeast Asia Automotive Interest Group (SAIG) International Conference N2 - In addition to electromobility and alternative drive systems, a focus is set on electrically driven compressors (EDC), with a high potential for increasing the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE) and fuel cells [01]. The primary objective is to increase the ICE torque, provided independently of the ICE speed by compressing the intake air and consequently the ICE filling level supported by the compressor. For operation independent from the ICE speed, the EDC compressor is decoupled from the turbine by using an electric compressor motor (CM) instead of the turbine. ICE performances can be increased by the use of EDC where individual compressor parameters are adapted to the respective application area [02] [03]. This task contains great challenges, increased by demands with regard to pollutant reduction while maintaining constant performance and reduced fuel consumption. The FH-Aachen is equipped with an EDC test bench which enables EDC-investigations in various configurations and operating modes. Characteristic properties of different compressors can be determined, which build the basis for a comparison methodology. Subject of this project is the development of a comparison methodology for EDC with an associated evaluation method and a defined overall evaluation method. For the application of this comparison methodology, corresponding series of measurements are carried out on the EDC test bench using an appropriate test device. KW - electro mobility KW - fuel cell KW - internal combustion engine KW - electrically driven compressors Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-902103-94-9 N1 - 1st UNITED-SAIG International Conference, 21-22 APR 2021, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand SP - 45 EP - 46 PB - FH Joanneum CY - Graz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hackl, Michael A1 - Buess, Eduard A1 - Kammerlohr, Sandra A1 - Nacov, Julia A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Leschinger, Tim A1 - Müller, Lars P. A1 - Wegmann, Kilian T1 - A "comma sign"-directed subscapularis repair in anterosuperior rotator cuff tears yields biomechanical advantages in a cadaveric model JF - The american journal of sports medicine N2 - Background: Additional stabilization of the “comma sign” in anterosuperior rotator cuff repair has been proposed to provide biomechanical benefits regarding stability of the repair. Purpose: This in vitro investigation aimed to investigate the influence of a comma sign–directed reconstruction technique for anterosuperior rotator cuff tears on the primary stability of the subscapularis tendon repair. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 18 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were used in this study. Anterosuperior rotator cuff tears (complete full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons) were created, and supraspinatus repair was performed with a standard suture bridge technique. The subscapularis was repaired with either a (1) single-row or (2) comma sign technique. A high-resolution 3D camera system was used to analyze 3-mm and 5-mm gap formation at the subscapularis tendon-bone interface upon incremental cyclic loading. Moreover, the ultimate failure load of the repair was recorded. A Mann-Whitney test was used to assess significant differences between the 2 groups. Results: The comma sign repair withstood significantly more loading cycles than the single-row repair until 3-mm and 5-mm gap formation occurred (P≤ .047). The ultimate failure load did not reveal any significant differences when the 2 techniques were compared (P = .596). Conclusion: The results of this study show that additional stabilization of the comma sign enhanced the primary stability of subscapularis tendon repair in anterosuperior rotator cuff tears. Although this stabilization did not seem to influence the ultimate failure load, it effectively decreased the micromotion at the tendon-bone interface during cyclic loading. Clinical Relevance: The proposed technique for stabilization of the comma sign has shown superior biomechanical properties in comparison with a single-row repair and might thus improve tendon healing. Further clinical research will be necessary to determine its influence on the functional outcome. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465211031506 SN - 1552-3365 SN - 0363-5465 VL - 49 IS - 12 SP - 3212 EP - 3217 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - An extension strain type Mohr–Coulomb criterion JF - Rock mechanics and rock engineering N2 - Extension fractures are typical for the deformation under low or no confining pressure. They can be explained by a phenomenological extension strain failure criterion. In the past, a simple empirical criterion for fracture initiation in brittle rock has been developed. In this article, it is shown that the simple extension strain criterion makes unrealistic strength predictions in biaxial compression and tension. To overcome this major limitation, a new extension strain criterion is proposed by adding a weighted principal shear component to the simple criterion. The shear weight is chosen, such that the enriched extension strain criterion represents the same failure surface as the Mohr–Coulomb (MC) criterion. Thus, the MC criterion has been derived as an extension strain criterion predicting extension failure modes, which are unexpected in the classical understanding of the failure of cohesive-frictional materials. In progressive damage of rock, the most likely fracture direction is orthogonal to the maximum extension strain leading to dilatancy. The enriched extension strain criterion is proposed as a threshold surface for crack initiation CI and crack damage CD and as a failure surface at peak stress CP. Different from compressive loading, tensile loading requires only a limited number of critical cracks to cause failure. Therefore, for tensile stresses, the failure criteria must be modified somehow, possibly by a cut-off corresponding to the CI stress. Examples show that the enriched extension strain criterion predicts much lower volumes of damaged rock mass compared to the simple extension strain criterion. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02608-7 SN - 1434-453X N1 - Corresponding author: Manfred Staat VL - 54 IS - 12 SP - 6207 EP - 6233 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. A1 - Shasha, Carolyn A1 - Slabu, Ioana T1 - Magnetic nanoparticle relaxation in biomedical application: focus on simulating nanoparticle heating T2 - Magnetic nanoparticles in human health and medicine Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-119-75467-1 SP - 327 EP - 354 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken, New Jeersey ER -