TY - JOUR A1 - Pourshahidi, Ali Mohammad A1 - Achtsnicht, Stefan A1 - Nambipareechee, Mrinal Murali A1 - Offenhäusser, Andreas A1 - Krause, Hans-Joachim T1 - Multiplex detection of magnetic beads using offset field dependent frequency mixing magnetic detection JF - Sensors N2 - Magnetic immunoassays employing Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection (FMMD) have recently become increasingly popular for quantitative detection of various analytes. Simultaneous analysis of a sample for two or more targets is desirable in order to reduce the sample amount, save consumables, and save time. We show that different types of magnetic beads can be distinguished according to their frequency mixing response to a two-frequency magnetic excitation at different static magnetic offset fields. We recorded the offset field dependent FMMD response of two different particle types at frequencies ƒ₁ + n⋅ƒ₂, n = 1, 2, 3, 4 with ƒ₁ = 30.8 kHz and ƒ₂ = 63 Hz. Their signals were clearly distinguishable by the locations of the extremes and zeros of their responses. Binary mixtures of the two particle types were prepared with different mixing ratios. The mixture samples were analyzed by determining the best linear combination of the two pure constituents that best resembled the measured signals of the mixtures. Using a quadratic programming algorithm, the mixing ratios could be determined with an accuracy of greater than 14%. If each particle type is functionalized with a different antibody, multiplex detection of two different analytes becomes feasible. KW - colorization KW - multiplex detection KW - frequency mixing magnetic detection KW - magnetic nanoparticles Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175859 SN - 1424-8220 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Advanced Nanomaterial-Based Sensors for Biomedical Applications" VL - 21 IS - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Welden, Rene A1 - Buniatyan, Vahe V. A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - An Array of On-Chip Integrated, Individually Addressable Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors with Control Gate: Design and Modelling JF - Sensors N2 - The on-chip integration of multiple biochemical sensors based on field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (EISCAP) is challenging due to technological difficulties in realization of electrically isolated EISCAPs on the same Si chip. In this work, we present a new simple design for an array of on-chip integrated, individually electrically addressable EISCAPs with an additional control gate (CG-EISCAP). The existence of the CG enables an addressable activation or deactivation of on-chip integrated individual CG-EISCAPs by simple electrical switching the CG of each sensor in various setups, and makes the new design capable for multianalyte detection without cross-talk effects between the sensors in the array. The new designed CG-EISCAP chip was modelled in so-called floating/short-circuited and floating/capacitively-coupled setups, and the corresponding electrical equivalent circuits were developed. In addition, the capacitance-voltage curves of the CG-EISCAP chip in different setups were simulated and compared with that of a single EISCAP sensor. Moreover, the sensitivity of the CG-EISCAP chip to surface potential changes induced by biochemical reactions was simulated and an impact of different parameters, such as gate voltage, insulator thickness and doping concentration in Si, on the sensitivity has been discussed. KW - equivalent circuit KW - multianalyte detection KW - control gate KW - on-chip integrated addressable EISCAP sensors KW - capacitive field-effect sensor Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186161 SN - 1424-8220 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Field-Effect Sensors: From pH Sensing to Biosensing" VL - 21 IS - 18 SP - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Recent progress in silicon-based biologically sensitive field-effect devices JF - Current Opinion in Electrochemistry N2 - Biologically sensitive field-effect devices (BioFEDs) advantageously combine the electronic field-effect functionality with the (bio)chemical receptor’s recognition ability for (bio)chemical sensing. In this review, basic and widely applied device concepts of silicon-based BioFEDs (ion-sensitive field-effect transistor, silicon nanowire transistor, electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitor, light-addressable potentiometric sensor) are presented and recent progress (from 2019 to early 2021) is discussed. One of the main advantages of BioFEDs is the label-free sensing principle enabling to detect a large variety of biomolecules and bioparticles by their intrinsic charge. The review encompasses applications of BioFEDs for the label-free electrical detection of clinically relevant protein biomarkers, deoxyribonucleic acid molecules and viruses, enzyme-substrate reactions as well as recording of the cell acidification rate (as an indicator of cellular metabolism) and the extracellular potential. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100811 SN - 2451-9103 IS - Article number: 100811 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Pieper, Martin T1 - Quantum mechanics: Introduction to mathematical formulation N2 - Anyone who has always wanted to understand the hieroglyphs on Sheldon's blackboard in the TV series The Big Bang Theory or who wanted to know exactly what the fate of Schrödinger's cat is all about will find a short, descriptive introduction to the world of quantum mechanics in this essential. The text particularly focuses on the mathematical description in the Hilbert space. The content goes beyond popular scientific presentations, but is nevertheless suitable for readers without special prior knowledge thanks to the clear examples. KW - Quantenmechanik KW - Hilbert Room KW - Postulates KW - Schrödingers cat KW - Operators Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-658-32644-9 SN - 978-3-658-32645-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32645-6 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pfetsch, Marc E. A1 - Abele, Eberhard A1 - Altherr, Lena A1 - Bölling, Christian A1 - Brötz, Nicolas A1 - Dietrich, Ingo A1 - Gally, Tristan A1 - Geßner, Felix A1 - Groche, Peter A1 - Hoppe, Florian A1 - Kirchner, Eckhard A1 - Kloberdanz, Hermann A1 - Knoll, Maximilian A1 - Kolvenbach, Philip A1 - Kuttich-Meinlschmidt, Anja A1 - Leise, Philipp A1 - Lorenz, Ulf A1 - Matei, Alexander A1 - Molitor, Dirk A. A1 - Niessen, Pia A1 - Pelz, Peter F. A1 - Rexer, Manuel A1 - Schmitt, Andreas A1 - Schmitt, Johann M. A1 - Schulte, Fiona A1 - Ulbrich, Stefan A1 - Weigold, Matthias T1 - Strategies for mastering uncertainty T2 - Mastering uncertainty in mechanical engineering N2 - This chapter describes three general strategies to master uncertainty in technical systems: robustness, flexibility and resilience. It builds on the previous chapters about methods to analyse and identify uncertainty and may rely on the availability of technologies for particular systems, such as active components. Robustness aims for the design of technical systems that are insensitive to anticipated uncertainties. Flexibility increases the ability of a system to work under different situations. Resilience extends this characteristic by requiring a given minimal functional performance, even after disturbances or failure of system components, and it may incorporate recovery. The three strategies are described and discussed in turn. Moreover, they are demonstrated on specific technical systems. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-78353-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78354-9_6 N1 - Part of the Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering book series (STME) SP - 365 EP - 456 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pfeiffer, Johann A1 - Balc, Nicolae A1 - Gebhardt, Andreas T1 - Studie zur Untersuchung der Auswirkung von Fräsbahnstrategien auf die Oberflächenqualität von mittels SLM gefertigten Metallteilen T2 - Tagungsband 21. Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innenkonferenz N2 - Für die Herstellung von metallischen Bauteilen wird in der heutigen Zeit eine Vielzahl von Verfahren auf dem Markt angeboten. Dabei stehen die additiven im Wettbewerb zu den konventionellen Verfahren. Die erreichbaren Oberflächenqualitäten der additiven sind nicht mit denen spanender Verfahren vergleichbar. Für diesen Beitrag wurde analysiert, ob sich ein mittels Selektivem Laserschmelzen (SLM) additiv hergestellter Edelstahl hinsichtlich seiner Oberflächenqualität nach der Zerspanung von einem umgeformten konventionell hergestellten Edelstahl gleicher Sorte unterscheidet. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-932886-36-2 N1 - 21. Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innenkonferenz, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, 26. und 27. Mai 2021 SP - 99 EP - 102 PB - Verlag Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena CY - Jena ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Peterson, Leif Arne ED - Schlüter, Dominik T1 - Holzbau T2 - Wofür braucht man das eigentlich? Ein Handbuch für Mathematiklehrkräfte der Sekundarstufe I und II Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-7543-2606-0 SP - 21 EP - 23 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - THES A1 - Paulzen, Lena T1 - Nachhaltiges Corporate Packaging Design: Am Beispiel von Naturkosmetik Produkten. N2 - Diese Bachelorarbeit widmet sich dem nachhaltigen Packaging-Design von Kosmetikprodukten. Dies wird am Beispiel eines Naturkosmetik-Unternehmens dargestellt. Die Gestaltung einer Shampoo-Flasche wird in dem vorliegenden Projekt exemplarisch für die thematische und gestalterische Untersuchung genutzt. Zudem wurden mit Tube und Tiegel noch zwei weitere Verpackungsformen erstellt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, eine nachhaltige Verpackung zu gestalten. Diese soll den hohen CO2-Ausstoß bei der Herstellung von Verpackungen verringern und dabei dem Anspruch des Marketings gerecht werden. Hierbei wurde ein Logo-Design, ein Farbkonzept, eine einheitliche Formsprache und eine Typografie erarbeitet. KW - Corporate Design KW - nachhaltig KW - Packaging Design KW - Naturkosmetik KW - Shampooflasche Y1 - 2021 PB - FH Aachen CY - Aachen ER - TY - THES A1 - Ossenkop, Birte T1 - Prepare to care: Kampagne für mehr Unterstützung und Wertschätzung von Young Carern durch ihr direktes Lebensumfeld N2 - In jeder Schulklasse in Deutschland gibt es laut Statistik einen bis zwei Young Carer. Das sind Kinder und Jugendliche, die ein Familienmitglied pflegen. Doch wegen Unverständnis und Ausgrenzung seitens ihres sozialen Umfeldes vertrauen sich Young Carer niemandem an. Es mangelt schlichtweg an öffentlichem Bewusstsein für das Phänomen. Die Kampagne #nichtbloßjung soll das ändern. Sie zeigt einer jungen Zielgruppe, was es bedeutet, nicht bloß jung, sondern Young Carer zu sein. Dabei regt sie dazu an, ebenfalls #nichtbloßjung zu bleiben, sondern als „Young Supporter“ die Young Carer zu unterstützen. Dazu wird diverse Informationsmaterial sowie ein kostenloses Armband bereitgestellt. Die Armbandtragenden zeigen so, dass sie Young Carer unterstützen und als Ansprechpersonen zur Verfügung stehen. So lernen Young Carer, dass sie mit ihrer Situation nicht allein sind und an wen sie sich gegebenenfalls wenden können. KW - Young Carer KW - Kampagne KW - Kinder KW - Sensibilisierung KW - Aufklärung Y1 - 2021 PB - FH Aachen CY - Aachen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oliveira, Danilo A. A1 - Molinnus, Denise A1 - Beging, Stefan A1 - Siqueira Jr, José R. A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Biosensor Based on Self-Assembled Films of Graphene Oxide and Polyaniline Using a Field-Effect Device Platform JF - physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science N2 - A new functionalization method to modify capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) structures with nanofilms is presented. Layers of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and graphene oxide (GO) with the compound polyaniline:poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PANI:PAAMPSA) are deposited onto a p-Si/SiO2 chip using the layer-by-layer technique (LbL). Two different enzymes (urease and penicillinase) are separately immobilized on top of a five-bilayer stack of the PAH:GO/PANI:PAAMPSA-modified EIS chip, forming a biosensor for detection of urea and penicillin, respectively. Electrochemical characterization is performed by constant capacitance (ConCap) measurements, and the film morphology is characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An increase in the average sensitivity of the modified biosensors (EIS–nanofilm–enzyme) of around 15% is found in relation to sensors, only carrying the enzyme but without the nanofilm (EIS–enzyme). In this sense, the nanofilm acts as a stable bioreceptor onto the EIS chip improving the output signal in terms of sensitivity and stability. KW - capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor sensors KW - graphene oxide KW - layer-by-layer technique KW - nanomaterials KW - polyaniline Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202000747 SN - 1862-6319 N1 - Corresponding author: José R. Siqueira Jr & Michael J. Schöning VL - 218 IS - 13 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER -