TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kern, Alexander
A1  - Beierl, Ottmar
A1  - Zischank, Wolfgang
T1  - Calculation of the separation distance according to IEC 62305-3: 2006-10 - Remarks for the application and simplified methods
N2  - [Paper of the X International Symposium on Lightning Protection 9th - 13th November, 2009 - Curitiba, Brazil. 6 pages] The international standard IEC 62305-3, published in 2006, requires as an integral part of the lightning protection system (LPS) the consideration of a separation distance between the conductors of the LPS and metal and electrical installations inside the structure to be protected. IEC 62305-3 gives two different methods for this calculation: a standard, simplified approach and a more detailed approach, which differ especially regarding the treatment of the current sharing effect on the LPS conductors. Hence, different results for the separation distance are possible, leading to some discrepancies in the use of the standard. The standard approach defined in the main part (Clause 6.3) and in Annex C of the standard in some cases may lead to a severe oversizing of the required separation distance. The detailed approach described in Annex E naturally gives more correct results. However, a calculation of the current sharing amongst all parts of the air-termination and downconductor network is necessary, in many cases requiring the use of network analysis programs. In this paper simplified methods for the assessment of the current sharing are presented, which are easy to use as well as sufficiently adequate.
KW  - Blitzschutz
KW  - Lightning protection
Y1  - 2009
N1  - Paper in: [10. International Symposium on Lightning Protection 9. 13. November 2009, Curitiba, Brasilien. 6 Seiten]
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kalker, Ines
A1  - Toll, B.
A1  - Holler, Stefan
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Topping, B. H. V.
A1  - Mota Soares, C. A.
T1  - Capacity analysis of textile retrofitted unreinforced masonry
T2  - Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Computational Structures Technology : [Lisbon, Portugal, 7 - 9 September 2004] / ed. by B. H. V. Topping ...
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 0-948749-95-4
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.4203/ccp.79.194
SP  - 431
EP  - 432
PB  - Civil-Comp Press
CY  - Stirling
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Gellert, Christoph
A1  - Reindl, Lukas
T1  - Capacity design of masonry buildings under cyclic loading
T2  - Seismic Risk : Earthquakes in North-Western Europe ; international colloquium ; Liège on 11 and 12 September 2008 / Belgian Seismic Group (BeSeiG). Ed.: T. Camlebeeck ...
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-2-87456-063-7
SP  - 201
EP  - 208
PB  - Editions de l'Université de Liège
CY  - Liège
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kaspar, K.
A1  - Groebel, Simone
A1  - Kuperjans, Isabel
A1  - Dielmann, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Selmer, Thorsten
T1  - Charakterisierung der Biozönose von Biogasfermentern in Abhängigkeit verschiedener Substrate
T2  - Biogas 2013 : 6. Innovationskongress, 23. - 24.05.2013, Osnabrück, Tagungsband
Y1  - 2013
SN  - 978-3-9813776-3-7
SP  - 69
EP  - 74
PB  - Profair Consult+Project
CY  - Hildesheim
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Höfler, M.
A1  - Kneer, R.
A1  - Groß, Rolf Fritz
A1  - Kehrmann, K.
ED  - Vorobieff, P.
T1  - Chemical determination of oxygen transfer rates, transfer efficiencies and interphases evoked by aeration elements for liquid flows
T2  - Computational Methods in Multiphase Flow VIII. - (WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences ;  Volume 89)
Y1  - 2015
SN  - 978-1-84564-946-3 (Print-Ausgabe)
SN  - 978-1-84564-947-0 (Online-Ausgabe)
SN  - 1746-4471
SP  - 89
EP  - 101
PB  - WIT Press
CY  - Southampton
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Latzke, Markus
A1  - Alexopoulos, Spiros
A1  - Kronhardt, Valentina
A1  - Rendón, Carlos
A1  - Sattler, Johannes, Christoph
T1  - Comparison of Potential Sites in China for Erecting a Hybrid Solar Tower Power Plant with Air Receiver
T2  - Energy Procedia
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.142
SN  - 1876-6102
N1  - International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, SolarPACES 2014, Beijing, China
SP  - 1327
EP  - 1334
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kern, Alexander
A1  - Krichel, Frank
T1  - Considerations about the lightning protection system of mains independent renewable energy hybrid-systems - practical experiences
N2  - In the paper a lightning protection design concept for renewable energy hybrid-systems without power mains connection is described. Based on a risk analysis protection measures against direct strikes and overvoltages are shown in an overview. The design concept is realized exemplarily for the hybrid-system VATALI on the Greek island Crete. VATALI, not lightning protected at that time, was a victim of a lightning strike in the year 2000 causing destructions and damages of some mechanical and electrical components with costs of approx. 60.000 €. The hardware costs for the protection measures were about 15.000 €: about 50% of the costs are due to protection measures against direct strikes, 50% are due to overvoltage protection.
KW  - Blitzschutz
KW  - Erneuerbare Energien
KW  - Hybridsystem
KW  - Photovoltaikanlage
KW  - Windenergieanlage
KW  - Lightning protection
KW  - renewable energy
KW  - hybrid system
KW  - photovoltaic system
KW  - wind turbine
Y1  - 2002
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Paulsen, Svea
A1  - Hoffstadt, Kevin
A1  - Krafft, Simone
A1  - Leite, A.
A1  - Zang, J.
A1  - Fonseca-Zang, W.
A1  - Kuperjans, Isabel
T1  - Continuous biogas production from sugarcane as sole substrate
T2  - Energy Reports
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.08.035
N1  - 6th International Conference on Energy and Environment Research, ICEER 2019, 22–25 July, University of Aveiro, Portugal
VL  - 6
IS  - Supplement 1
SP  - 153
EP  - 158
PB  - Elsevier
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schulte, Jonas
A1  - Schwager, Christian
A1  - Frantz, Cathy
A1  - Schloms, Felix
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - Herrmann, Ulf
T1  - Control concept for a molten salt receiver in star design: Development, optimization and testing with cloud passage scenarios
T2  - SolarPACES conference proceedings
N2  - A promising approach to reduce the system costs of molten salt solar receivers is to enable the irradiation of the absorber tubes on both sides. The star design is an innovative receiver design, pursuing this approach. The unconventional design leads to new challenges in controlling the system. This paper presents a control concept for a molten salt receiver system in star design. The control parameters are optimized in a defined test cycle by minimizing a cost function. The control concept is tested in realistic cloud passage scenarios based on real weather data. During these tests, the control system showed no sign of unstable behavior, but to perform sufficiently in every scenario further research and development like integrating Model Predictive Controls (MPCs) need to be done. The presented concept is a starting point to do so.
KW  - Molten salt receiver
KW  - Star design
KW  - Control optimization
KW  - Cloud passages
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.693
SN  - 2751-9899 (online)
N1  - 28th International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, 27-30 September, Albuquerque, NM, USA
IS  - Vol. 1
PB  - TIB Open Publishing
CY  - Hannover
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Marinkovic, Marko
T1  - Damage reduction system for masonry infill walls under seismic loading
T2  - ce/papers
N2  - Reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infills are frequently used in seismic regions all over the world. Generally masonry infills are considered as nonstructural elements and thus are typically neglected in the design process. However, the observations made after strong earthquakes have shown that masonry infills can modify the dynamic behavior of the structure significantly. The consequences were total collapses of buildings and loss of human lives. This paper presents the new system INODIS (Innovative Decoupled Infill System) developed within the European research project INSYSME (Innovative Systems for Earthquake Resistant Masonry Enclosures in RC Buildings). INODIS decouples the frame and the masonry infill by means of special U-shaped rubbers placed in between frame and infill. The effectiveness of the system was investigated by means of full scale tests on RC frames with masonry infills subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane loading. Furthermore small specimen tests were conducted to determine material characteristics of the components and the resistances of the connections. Finally, a micromodel was developed to simulate the in-plane behavior of RC frames infilled with AAC blocks with and without installation of the INODIS system.
KW  - earthquakes
KW  - in-plane and out-of-plane failure
KW  - INODIS
KW  - RC frames
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.863
N1  - Special Issue: ICAAC ‐ 6th International Conference on Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
SP  - 267
EP  - 273
PB  - Ernst & Sohn Verlag
CY  - Berlin
ER  -