TY  - CHAP
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
A1  - Alexopoulos, Spiros
A1  - Göttsche, Joachim
A1  - Sauerborn, Markus
T1  - High concentration solar collectors
T2  - Comprehensive renewable energy / ed. Ali Sayigh. Vol. 3:  Solar thermal systems: components and applications
N2  - Solar thermal concentrated power is an emerging technology that provides clean electricity for the growing energy market. To the solar thermal concentrated power plant systems belong the parabolic trough, the Fresnel collector, the solar dish, and the central receiver system.

For high-concentration solar collector systems, optical and thermal analysis is essential. There exist a number of measurement techniques and systems for the optical and thermal characterization of the efficiency of solar thermal concentrated systems.

For each system, structure, components, and specific characteristics types are described. The chapter presents additionally an outline for the calculation of system performance and operation and maintenance topics. One main focus is set to the models of components and their construction details as well as different types on the market. In the later part of this chapter, different criteria for the choice of technology are analyzed in detail.
KW  - Central receiver system
KW  - Concentrated solar collector
KW  - Fresnel collector
KW  - Optical and thermal analysis
KW  - Solar concentration
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 978-0-08-087873-7
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-087872-0.00306-1
VL  - 3
SP  - 165
EP  - 209
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Mansurov, Zulkhair
A1  - Biisenbaev, Makhmut
A1  - Savitskaya, Irina
A1  - Kistaubaeva, Aida
A1  - Akimbekov, Nuraly
A1  - Zhubanova, Azhar
ED  - Hu, Ning
T1  - Heterogeneous Composites on the Basis of Microbial Cells and Nanostructured Carbonized Sorbents
T2  - Composites and Their Applications
N2  - The fact that microorganisms prefer to grow on liquid/solid phase surfaces rather than in the surrounding aqueous phase was noticed long time ago [1]. Virtually any surface – animal, mineral, or vegetable – is a subject for microbial colonization and subsequent biofilm formation. It would be adequate to name just a few notorious examples on microbial colonization of contact lenses, ship hulls, petroleum pipelines, rocks in streams and all kinds of biomedical implants. The propensity of microorganisms to become surface-bound is so profound and ubiquitous that it vindicates the advantages for attached forms over their free-ranging counterparts [2]. Indeed, from ecological and evolutionary standpoints, for many microorganisms the surface-bound state means dwelling in nutritionally favorable, non-hostile environments [3]. Therefore, in most of natural and artificial ecosystems surface-associated microorganisms vastly outnumber organisms in suspension and often organize into complex communities with features that differ dramatically from those of free cells [4].
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 978-953-51-0706-4
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/47796
SP  - 249
EP  - 272
PB  - Intech
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
A1  - Alexopoulos, Spiros
A1  - Rau, Christoph
A1  - Sattler, Johannes, Christoph
A1  - Anthrakidis, Anette
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - O'Connor, P.
A1  - Hilger, Patrick
T1  - Concentrating solar power
T2  - Comprehensive renewable energy / ed. Ali Sayigh. Vol. 3: Solar thermal systems: components and applications
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 978-0-08-087872-0
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-087872-0.00319-X
VL  - 3
SP  - 595
EP  - 636
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Borggrafe, Andreas
A1  - Ohndorf, Andreas
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Seboldt, Wolfgang
T1  - Analysis of interplanetary solar sail trajectories with attitude dynamics
T2  - Dynamics and Control of Space Systems 2012
N2  - We present a new approach to the problem of optimal control of solar sails for low-thrust trajectory optimization. The objective was to find the required control torque magnitudes in order to steer a solar sail in interplanetary space. A new steering strategy, controlling the solar sail with generic torques applied about the spacecraft body axes, is integrated into the existing low-thrust trajectory optimization software InTrance. This software combines artificial neural networks and evolutionary algorithms to find steering strategies close to the global optimum without an initial guess. Furthermore, we implement a three rotational degree-of-freedom rigid-body attitude dynamics model to represent the solar sail in space. Two interplanetary transfers to Mars and Neptune are chosen to represent typical future solar sail mission scenarios. The results found with the new steering strategy are compared to the existing reference trajectories without attitude dynamics. The resulting control torques required to accomplish the missions are investigated, as they pose the primary requirements to a real on-board attitude control system.
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 978-0-87703-587-9
SP  - 1553
EP  - 1569
PB  - Univelt Inc
CY  - San Diego
ER  -