TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engelmann, Ulrich M.
A1  - Simsek, Beril
A1  - Shalaby, Ahmed
A1  - Krause, Hans-Joachim
T1  - Key contributors to signal generation in frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD): an in silico study
JF  - Sensors
N2  - Frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) is a sensitive and selective technique to detect magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) serving as probes for binding biological targets. Its principle relies on the nonlinear magnetic relaxation dynamics of a particle ensemble interacting with a dual frequency external magnetic field. In order to increase its sensitivity, lower its limit of detection and overall improve its applicability in biosensing, matching combinations of external field parameters and internal particle properties are being sought to advance FMMD. In this study, we systematically probe the aforementioned interaction with coupled Néel–Brownian dynamic relaxation simulations to examine how key MNP properties as well as applied field parameters affect the frequency mixing signal generation. It is found that the core size of MNPs dominates their nonlinear magnetic response, with the strongest contributions from the largest particles. The drive field amplitude dominates the shape of the field-dependent response, whereas effective anisotropy and hydrodynamic size of the particles only weakly influence the signal generation in FMMD. For tailoring the MNP properties and parameters of the setup towards optimal FMMD signal generation, our findings suggest choosing large particles of core sizes dc > 25 nm nm with narrow size distributions (σ < 0.1) to minimize the required drive field amplitude. This allows potential improvements of FMMD as a stand-alone application, as well as advances in magnetic particle imaging, hyperthermia and magnetic immunoassays.
KW  - key performance indicators
KW  - magnetic biosensing
KW  - coupled Néel–Brownian relaxation dynamics
KW  - frequency mixing magnetic detection
KW  - magnetic relaxation
KW  - micromagnetic simulation
KW  - magnetic nanoparticles
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24061945
SN  - 1424-8220
N1  - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Advances in Magnetic Sensors and Their Applications"
VL  - 24
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mourzina, Y.
A1  - Mai, T.
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Ermolenko, Y.
A1  - Yoshinobu, T.
A1  - Vlasov, Y.
A1  - Iwasaki, H.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - K+-selective field-effect sensors as transducers for bioelectronic applications
JF  - Electrochimica Acta. 48 (2003), H. 20-22
Y1  - 2003
SN  - 0013-4686
SP  - 3333
EP  - 3339
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mourzina, Y. G.
A1  - Yoshinobu, T.
A1  - Schubert, J.
A1  - Lüth, H.
A1  - Iwasaki, H.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Ion-selective lightaddressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) with chalcogenide thin film by pulsed laser deposition
JF  - Sensors and Actuators B. 80 (2001), H. 2
Y1  - 2001
SN  - 0925-4005
SP  - 136
EP  - 140
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Breuer, Lars
A1  - Mang, Thomas
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Thoelen, Ronald
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
T1  - Investigation of the spatial resolution of a laser-based stimulation process for light-addressable hydrogels with incorporated graphene oxide by means of IR thermography
JF  - Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2017.11.031
SN  - 0924-4247
VL  - 268
SP  - 126
EP  - 132
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ismail, A.B.M.
A1  - Harada, T.
A1  - Yoshinobu, T.
A1  - Iwasaki, H.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Lüth, H.
T1  - Investigation of pulsed laser-deposited Al2O3 as a high pH-sensitive layer for LAPS-based biosensing applications
JF  - Sensors and Actuators B. 71 (2000), H. 3
Y1  - 2000
SN  - 0925-4005
SP  - 169
EP  - 172
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Näther, Niko
A1  - Henkel, Hartmut
A1  - Schneider, Andreas
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Investigation of different catalytically active and passive materials for realising a hydrogen peroxide gas sensor
JF  - physica status solidi (a) . 206 (2009), H. 3
Y1  - 2009
SN  - 1862-6319
N1  - Special Issue: Engineering of Functional Interfaces (EnFI 08)
SP  - 449
EP  - 454
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sabitova, A.
A1  - Ebert, Ph.
A1  - Lenz, A.
A1  - Schaafhausen, S.
A1  - Ivanova, L.
A1  - Dähne, M.
A1  - Hoffmann, A.
A1  - Dunin-Borkowski, R. E.
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Grandidier, B.
A1  - Eisele, H.
T1  - Intrinsic bandgap of cleaved ZnO(112¯0) surfaces
JF  - Applied physics letters
Y1  - 2013
SN  - 1077-3118 (E-Journal); 0003-6951 (Print)
VL  - Vol. 102
SP  - 021608
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Malzahn, K.
A1  - Abouzar, Maryam H.
A1  - Mehndiratta, P.
A1  - Katz, E.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Integration of biomolecular logic gates with field-effect transducers
JF  - Electrochimica Acta. 56 (2011), H. 26
Y1  - 2011
SN  - 0013-4686
SP  - 9661
EP  - 9665
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rolka, David
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Integration of a capacitive EIS sensor into a FIA system for pH and penicillin determination
JF  - Sensors. 4 (2004)
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 1424-8220
SP  - 84
EP  - 94
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Schroth, Peter
A1  - Lüth, Hans
A1  - Hummel, Hans E.
A1  - Schütz, Stefan
T1  - Insect chemoreceptors coupled to silicon transistors as innovative biosensors
JF  - Proceedings of SPIE. 4205 (2001)
Y1  - 2001
SP  - 152
EP  - 162
ER  -