TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maurer, Florian
A1  - Rieke, Christian
A1  - Schemm, Ralf
A1  - Stollenwerk, Dominik
T1  - Analysis of an urban grid with high photovoltaic and e-mobility penetration
JF  - Energies
N2  - This study analyses the expected utilization of an urban distribution grid under high penetration of photovoltaic and e-mobility with charging infrastructure on a residential level. The grid utilization and the corresponding power flow are evaluated, while varying the control strategies and photovoltaic installed capacity in different scenarios. Four scenarios are used to analyze the impact of e-mobility. The individual mobility demand is modelled based on the largest German studies on mobility “Mobilität in Deutschland”, which is carried out every 5 years. To estimate the ramp-up of photovoltaic generation, a potential analysis of the roof surfaces in the supply area is carried out via an evaluation of an open solar potential study. The photovoltaic feed-in time series is derived individually for each installed system in a resolution of 15 min. The residential consumption is estimated using historical smart meter data, which are collected in London between 2012 and 2014. For a realistic charging demand, each residential household decides daily on the state of charge if their vehicle requires to be charged. The resulting charging time series depends on the underlying behavior scenario. Market prices and mobility demand are therefore used as scenario input parameters for a utility function based on the current state of charge to model individual behavior. The aggregated electricity demand is the starting point of the power flow calculation. The evaluation is carried out for an urban region with approximately 3100 residents. The analysis shows that increased penetration of photovoltaics combined with a flexible and adaptive charging strategy can maximize PV usage and reduce the need for congestion-related intervention by the grid operator by reducing the amount of kWh charged from the grid by 30% which reduces the average price of a charged kWh by 35% to 14 ct/kWh from 21.8 ct/kWh without PV optimization. The resulting grid congestions are managed by implementing an intelligent price or control signal. The analysis took place using data from a real German grid with 10 subgrids. The entire software can be adapted for the analysis of different distribution grids and is publicly available as an open-source software library on GitHub.
KW  - distribution grid simulation
KW  - smart-charging
KW  - e-mobility
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083380
SN  - 1996-1073
N1  - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Advanced Solutions for the Efficient Integration of Electric Vehicles in Electricity Grids"
N1  - Corresponding author: Florian Maurer
VL  - 16
IS  - 8
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fayyazi, Mojgan
A1  - Sardar, Paramjotsingh
A1  - Thomas, Sumit Infent
A1  - Daghigh, Roonak
A1  - Jamali, Ali
A1  - Esch, Thomas
A1  - Kemper, Hans
A1  - Langari, Reza
A1  - Khayyam, Hamid
T1  - Artificial intelligence/machine learning in energy management systems, control, and optimization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
N2  - Environmental emissions, global warming, and energy-related concerns have accelerated the advancements in conventional vehicles that primarily use internal combustion engines. Among the existing technologies, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles may have minimal contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and thus are the prime choices for environmental concerns. However, energy management in fuel cell electric vehicles and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles is a major challenge. Appropriate control strategies should be used for effective energy management in these vehicles. On the other hand, there has been significant progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and designing data-driven intelligent controllers. These techniques have found much attention within the community, and state-of-the-art energy management technologies have been developed based on them. This manuscript reviews the application of machine learning and intelligent controllers for prediction, control, energy management, and vehicle to everything (V2X) in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The effectiveness of data-driven control and optimization systems are investigated to evolve, classify, and compare, and future trends and directions for sustainability are discussed.
KW  - optimization system
KW  - intelligent control
KW  - fuel cell vehicle
KW  - machine learning
KW  - artificial intelligence
KW  - intelligent energy management
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065249
N1  - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Circular Economy and Artificial Intelligence"
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
SP  - 38
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eggert, Mathias
A1  - Kling, Rene
T1  - How to distribute charging requests of electronic vehicles? A reservation-based approach
JF  - International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research
N2  - The number of electronic vehicles increase steadily while the space for extending the charging infrastructure is limited. In particular in urban areas, where parking spaces in attractive areas are famous, opportunities to setup new charging stations is very limited. This leads to an overload of some very attractive charging stations and an underutilization of less attractive ones. Against this background, the paper at hand presents the design of an e-vehicle reservation system that aims at distributing the utilization of the charging infrastructure, particularly in urban areas. By applying a design science approach, the requirements for a reservation-based utilization approach are elicited and a model for a suitable distribution approach and its instantiation are developed. The artefact is evaluated by simulating the distribution effects based on data of real charging station utilizations.
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Parking
KW  - Charging station
KW  - Utilization improvement
KW  - Reservation system
KW  - Electronic vehicle
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13177-023-00367-z
SN  - 1868-8659
N1  - Corresponding author: Mathias Eggert
VL  - 21
IS  - 2023
SP  - 437
EP  - 460
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adels, Klaudia
A1  - Elbers, Gereon
A1  - Diehl, Bernd
A1  - Monakhova, Yulia
T1  - Multicomponent analysis of dietary supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin: comparative low- and high-field NMR spectroscopic study
JF  - Analytical Sciences
N2  - With the prevalence of glucosamine- and chondroitin-containing dietary supplements for people with osteoarthritis in the marketplace, it is important to have an accurate and reproducible analytical method for the quantitation of these compounds in finished products. NMR spectroscopic method based both on low- (80 MHz) and high- (500–600 MHz) field NMR instrumentation was established, compared and validated for the determination of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine in dietary supplements. The proposed method was applied for analysis of 20 different dietary supplements. In the majority of cases, quantification results obtained on the low-field NMR spectrometer are similar to those obtained with high-field 500–600 MHz NMR devices. Validation results in terms of accuracy, precision, reproducibility, limit of detection and recovery demonstrated that the developed method is fit for purpose for the marketed products. The NMR method was extended to the analysis of methylsulfonylmethane, adulterant maltodextrin, acetate and inorganic ions. Low-field NMR can be a quicker and cheaper alternative to more expensive high-field NMR measurements for quality control of the investigated dietary supplements. High-field NMR instrumentation can be more favorable for samples with complex composition due to better resolution, simultaneously giving the possibility of analysis of inorganic species such as potassium and chloride.
KW  - Glucosamine
KW  - Chondroitin sulfate
KW  - Polysaccharides
KW  - Dietary supplements
KW  - High-field NMR
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44211-023-00433-2
SN  - 1348-2246 (Online)
SN  - 0910-6340 (Print)
N1  - Corresponding author: Yulia Monakhova
VL  - 2023
PB  - Springer Verlag
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bertz, Morten
A1  - Molinnus, Denise
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Homma, Takayuki
T1  - Real-time monitoring of H₂O₂ sterilization on individual bacillus atrophaeus spores by optical sensing with trapping Raman spectroscopy
JF  - Chemosensors
N2  - Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a strong oxidizer, is a commonly used sterilization agent employed during aseptic food processing and medical applications. To assess the sterilization efficiency with H₂O₂, bacterial spores are common microbial systems due to their remarkable robustness against a wide variety of decontamination strategies. Despite their widespread use, there is, however, only little information about the detailed time-resolved mechanism underlying the oxidative spore death by H₂O₂. In this work, we investigate chemical and morphological changes of individual Bacillus atrophaeus spores undergoing oxidative damage using optical sensing with trapping Raman microscopy in real-time. The time-resolved experiments reveal that spore death involves two distinct phases: (i) an initial phase dominated by the fast release of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a major spore biomarker, which indicates the rupture of the spore’s core; and (ii) the oxidation of the remaining spore material resulting in the subsequent fragmentation of the spores’ coat. Simultaneous observation of the spore morphology by optical microscopy corroborates these mechanisms. The dependence of the onset of DPA release and the time constant of spore fragmentation on H₂O₂ shows that the formation of reactive oxygen species from H₂O₂ is the rate-limiting factor of oxidative spore death.
KW  - DPA (dipicolinic acid)
KW  - sterilization
KW  - Bacillus atrophaeus spores
KW  - optical trapping
KW  - Raman spectroscopy
KW  - optical sensor setup
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11080445
SN  - 2227-9040
N1  - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Biosensors and Chemical Sensors for Food and Healthcare Monitoring—Celebrating the 10th Anniversary"
VL  - 8
IS  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wendlandt, Tim
A1  - Koch, Claudia
A1  - Britz, Beate
A1  - Liedek, Anke
A1  - Schmidt, Nora
A1  - Werner, Stefan
A1  - Gleba, Yuri
A1  - Vahidpour, Farnoosh
A1  - Welden, Melanie
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Facile Purification and Use of Tobamoviral Nanocarriers for Antibody-Mediated Display of a Two-Enzyme System
JF  - Viruses
N2  - Immunosorbent turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) particles displaying the IgG-binding domains D and E of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (PA) on every coat protein (CP) subunit (TVCVPA) were purified from plants via optimized and new protocols. The latter used polyethylene glycol (PEG) raw precipitates, from which virions were selectively re-solubilized in reverse PEG concentration gradients. This procedure improved the integrity of both TVCVPA and the wild-type subgroup 3 tobamovirus. TVCVPA could be loaded with more than 500 IgGs per virion, which mediated the immunocapture of fluorescent dyes, GFP, and active enzymes. Bi-enzyme ensembles of cooperating glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase were tethered together on the TVCVPA carriers via a single antibody type, with one enzyme conjugated chemically to its Fc region, and the other one bound as a target, yielding synthetic multi-enzyme complexes. In microtiter plates, the TVCVPA-displayed sugar-sensing system possessed a considerably increased reusability upon repeated testing, compared to the IgG-bound enzyme pair in the absence of the virus. A high coverage of the viral adapters was also achieved on Ta2O5 sensor chip surfaces coated with a polyelectrolyte interlayer, as a prerequisite for durable TVCVPA-assisted electrochemical biosensing via modularly IgG-assembled sensor enzymes.
KW  - biosensor
KW  - horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
KW  - glucose oxidase (GOx)
KW  - enzyme cascade
KW  - turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV)
KW  - tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/doi.org/10.3390/v15091951
SN  - 1999-4915
N1  - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Tobamoviruses 2023"
VL  - 9
IS  - 15
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Falkenberg, Fabian
A1  - Kohn, Sophie
A1  - Bott, Michael
A1  - Bongaerts, Johannes
A1  - Siegert, Petra
T1  - Biochemical characterisation of a novel broad pH spectrum subtilisin from Fictibacillus arsenicus DSM 15822ᵀ
JF  - FEBS Open Bio
N2  - Subtilisins from microbial sources, especially from the Bacillaceae family, are of particular interest for biotechnological applications and serve the currently growing enzyme market as efficient and novel biocatalysts. Biotechnological applications include use in detergents, cosmetics, leather processing, wastewater treatment and pharmaceuticals. To identify a possible candidate for the enzyme market, here we cloned the gene of the subtilisin SPFA from Fictibacillus arsenicus DSM 15822ᵀ (obtained through a data mining-based search) and expressed it in Bacillus subtilis DB104. After production and purification, the protease showed a molecular mass of 27.57 kDa and a pI of 5.8. SPFA displayed hydrolytic activity at a temperature optimum of 80 °C and a very broad pH optimum between 8.5 and 11.5, with high activity up to pH 12.5. SPFA displayed no NaCl dependence but a high NaCl tolerance, with decreasing activity up to concentrations of 5 m NaCl. The stability enhanced with increasing NaCl concentration. Based on its substrate preference for 10 synthetic peptide 4-nitroanilide substrates with three or four amino acids and its phylogenetic classification, SPFA can be assigned to the subgroup of true subtilisins. Moreover, SPFA exhibited high tolerance to 5% (w/v) SDS and 5% H₂O₂ (v/v). The biochemical properties of SPFA, especially its tolerance of remarkably high pH, SDS and H₂O₂, suggest it has potential for biotechnological applications.
KW  - Bacillaceae
KW  - Biotechnological application
KW  - Broad pH spectrum
KW  - Subtilases
KW  - Subtilisin
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.13701
SN  - 2211-5463
N1  - Corresponding author: Petra Siegert
VL  - 13
IS  - 11
SP  - 2035
EP  - 2046
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dellmann, Sophia Florence
A1  - Glorius, J.
A1  - Litvinov, Yu A.
A1  - Reifarth, R.
A1  - Al-Khasawneh, Kafa
A1  - Aliotta, M.
A1  - Bott, L.
A1  - Brückner, Benjamin
A1  - Bruno, C. G.
A1  - Chen, Ruijiu
A1  - Davinson, T.
A1  - Dickel, T.
A1  - Dillmann, Iris
A1  - Dmytriev, D.
A1  - Erbacher, P.
A1  - Freire-Fernández, D.
A1  - Forstner, Oliver
A1  - Geissel, H.
A1  - Göbel, K.
A1  - Griffin, Christopher J.
A1  - Grisenti, R.
A1  - Gumberidze, Alexandre
A1  - Haettner, Emma
A1  - Hagmann, Siegbert
A1  - Heil, M.
A1  - Heß, R.
A1  - Hillenbrand, P.-M.
A1  - Joseph, R.
A1  - Jurado, B.
A1  - Kozhuharov, Christophor
A1  - Kulikov, I.
A1  - Löher, Bastian
A1  - Langer, Christoph
A1  - Leckenby, Guy
A1  - Lederer-Woods, C.
A1  - Lestinsky, M.
A1  - Litvinov, S. A.
A1  - Lorenz, B. A.
A1  - Lorenz, E.
A1  - Marsh, J.
A1  - Menz, Esther Babette
A1  - Morgenroth, T.
A1  - Petridis, N.
A1  - Pibernat, Jerome
A1  - Popp, U.
A1  - Psaltis, Athanasios
A1  - Sanjari, Shahab
A1  - Scheidenberger, C.
A1  - Sguazzin, M.
A1  - Sidhu, Ragandeep Singh
A1  - Spillmann, Uwe
A1  - Steck, M.
A1  - Stöhlker, T.
A1  - Surzhykov, A.
A1  - Swartz, J. A.
A1  - Törnqvist, H.
A1  - Varga, L.
A1  - Vescovi, Diego
A1  - Weick, H.
A1  - Weigand, M.
A1  - Woods, P.
A1  - Xing, Y.
A1  - Yamaguchi, Taiyo
T1  - Proton capture on stored radioactive ¹¹⁸Te ions
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
N2  - Experimental determination of the cross sections of proton capture on radioactive nuclei is extremely difficult. Therefore, it is of substantial interest for the understanding of the production of the p-nuclei. For the first time, a direct measurement of proton-capture cross sections on stored, radioactive ions became possible in an energy range of interest for nuclear astrophysics. The experiment was performed at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI by making use of a sensitive method to measure (p,γ) and (p,n) reactions in inverse kinematics. These reaction channels are of high relevance for the nucleosyn-thesis processes in supernovae, which are among the most violent explosions in the universe and are not yet well understood. The cross section of the ¹¹⁸Te(p,γ) reaction has been measured at energies of 6 MeV/u and 7 MeV/u. The heavy ions interacted with a hydrogen gas jet target. The radiative recombination process of the fully stripped ¹¹⁸Te ions and electrons from the hydrogen target was used as a luminosity monitor. An overview of the experimental method and preliminary results from the ongoing analysis will be presented.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327911018
SN  - 2100-014X
N1  - Volume 279, 2023. Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics – X (NPA-X 2022).
VL  - 279
IS  - Article Number: 11018
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - EDP Sciences
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffstadt, Kevin
A1  - Cheenakula, Dheeraja
A1  - Nikolausz, Marcell
A1  - Krafft, Simone
A1  - Harms, Hauke
A1  - Kuperjans, Isabel
T1  - Design and construction of a new reactor for flexible biomethanation of hydrogen
JF  - Fermentation
N2  - The increasing share of renewable electricity in the grid drives the need for sufficient storage capacity. Especially for seasonal storage, power-to-gas can be a promising approach. Biologically produced methane from hydrogen produced from surplus electricity can be used to substitute natural gas in the existing infrastructure. Current reactor types are not or are poorly optimized for flexible methanation. Therefore, this work proposes a new reactor type with a plug flow reactor (PFR) design. Simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics ® showed promising properties for operation in laminar flow. An experiment was conducted to support the simulation results and to determine the gas fraction of the novel reactor, which was measured to be 29%. Based on these simulations and experimental results, the reactor was constructed as a 14 m long, 50 mm diameter tube with a meandering orientation. Data processing was established, and a step experiment was performed. In addition, a kLa of 1 h−1 was determined. The results revealed that the experimental outcomes of the type of flow and gas fractions are in line with the theoretical simulation. The new design shows promising properties for flexible methanation and will be tested.
KW  - methanation
KW  - plug flow reactor
KW  - bubble column
KW  - bio-methane
KW  - power-to-gas
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9080774
SN  - 2311-5637
N1  - The article belongs to the Special Issue Fermentation Processes: Modeling, Optimization and Control
VL  - 9
IS  - 8
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Morais, Paulo V.
A1  - Suman, Pedro H.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Siqueira Junior, José R.
A1  - Orlandi, Marcelo O.
T1  - Layer-by-layer film based on Sn₃O₄ nanobelts as sensing units to detect heavy metals using a capacitive field-effect sensor platform
JF  - Chemosensors
N2  - Lead and nickel, as heavy metals, are still used in industrial processes, and are classified as “environmental health hazards” due to their toxicity and polluting potential. The detection of heavy metals can prevent environmental pollution at toxic levels that are critical to human health. In this sense, the electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensor is an attractive sensing platform concerning the fabrication of reusable and robust sensors to detect such substances. This study is aimed to fabricate a sensing unit on an EIS device based on Sn₃O₄ nanobelts embedded in a polyelectrolyte matrix of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The EIS-Sn₃O₄ sensor exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance for detecting Pb²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions, revealing a higher affinity for Pb²⁺ ions, with sensitivities of ca. 25.8 mV/decade and 2.4 mV/decade, respectively. Such results indicate that Sn₃O₄ nanobelts can contemplate a feasible proof-of-concept capacitive field-effect sensor for heavy metal detection, envisaging other future studies focusing on environmental monitoring.
KW  - Sn₃O₄
KW  - nanobelts
KW  - field-effect sensor
KW  - LbL films
KW  - heavy metals
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11080436
SN  - 2227-9040
N1  - This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Sensors or Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -