TY - JOUR A1 - Moseley, Fiona A1 - Halamek, Jan A1 - Kramer, Friederike A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Katz, Evgeny T1 - An enzyme-based reversible CNOT logic gate realized in a flow system JF - Analyst N2 - An enzyme system organized in a flow device was used to mimic a reversible Controlled NOT (CNOT) gate with two input and two output signals. Reversible conversion of NAD⁺ and NADH cofactors was used to perform a XOR logic operation, while biocatalytic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate resulted in an Identity operation working in parallel. The first biomolecular realization of a CNOT gate is promising for integration into complex biomolecular networks and future biosensor/biomedical applications. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4AN00133H SN - 1364-5528 (E-Journal) ; 0003-2654 (Print) VL - 139 IS - 8 SP - 1839 EP - 1842 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goedhuys, Micheline A1 - Janz, Norbert A1 - Mohnen, Pierre T1 - Knowledge-based productivity in “low-tech” industries: evidence from firms in developing countries JF - Industrial and corporate change N2 - Using firm-level data from five developing countries—Brazil, Ecuador, South Africa, Tanzania, and Bangladesh—and three industries—food processing, textiles, and the garments and leather products—this article examines the importance of various sources of knowledge for explaining productivity and formally tests whether sector- or country-specific characteristics dominate these relationships. Knowledge sources driving productivity appear mainly sector specific. Also differences in the level of development affect the effectiveness of knowledge sources. In the food processing sector, firms with higher educated managers are more productive, and in least-developed countries, additionally those with technology licenses and imported machinery and equipment. In the capital-intensive textiles sector, productivity is higher in firms that conduct R&D. In the garments and leather products sector, higher education of the managers, licensing, and R&D raise productivity. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtt006 SN - 1464-3650 (E-Journal); 0960-6491 (Print) VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolff, Nino A1 - Seefeldt, Patric A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang A1 - Fiebig, Christopher A1 - Gerding, Patrick A1 - Parow-Souchon, Kai A1 - Pongs, Anna A1 - Reiffenrath, Matti A1 - Ziemann, Thomas T1 - Alternative application of solar sail technology T2 - Advances in solar sailing N2 - The development of Gossamer sail structures for solar sails contributes to a large field of future space applications like thin film solar generators, membrane antennas and drag sails. The focus of this paper is the development of a drag sail based on solar sail technology that could contribute to a reduction of space debris in low Earth orbits. The drag sail design and its connections to solar sail development, a first test on a sounding rocket, as well as the ongoing integration of the drag sail into a triple CubeSat is presented. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-642-34906-5 (Print) ; 978-3-642-34907-2 (E-Book) U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34907-2_23 SP - 351 EP - 365 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dachwald, Bernd A1 - Boehnhardt, Herrmann A1 - Broj, Ulrich A1 - Geppert, Ulrich R. M. E. A1 - Grundmann, Jan-Thimo A1 - Seboldt, Wolfgang A1 - Seefeldt, Patric A1 - Spietz, Peter A1 - Johnson, Les A1 - Kührt, Ekkehard A1 - Mottola, Stefano A1 - Macdonald, Malcolm A1 - McInnes, Colin R. A1 - Vasile, Massimiliano A1 - Reinhard, Ruedeger T1 - Gossamer roadmap technology reference study for a multiple NEO Rendezvous Mission T2 - Advances in solar sailing N2 - A technology reference study for a multiple near-Earth object (NEO) rendezvous mission with solar sailcraft is currently carried out by the authors of this paper. The investigated mission builds on previous concepts, but adopts a strong micro-spacecraft philosophy based on the DLR/ESA Gossamer technology. The main scientific objective of the mission is to explore the diversity of NEOs. After direct interplanetary insertion, the solar sailcraft should—within less than 10 years—rendezvous three NEOs that are not only scientifically interesting, but also from the point of human spaceight and planetary defense. In this paper, the objectives of the study are outlined and a preliminary potential mission profile is presented. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-642-34906-5 (Print) ; 978-3-642-34907-2 (E-Book) SP - 211 EP - 226 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - McInnes, Colin R. A1 - Bothmer, Volker A1 - Dachwald, Bernd A1 - Geppert, Ulrich R. M. E. A1 - Heiligers, Jeannette A1 - Hilgers, Alan A1 - Johnson, Les A1 - Macdonald, Malcolm A1 - Reinhard, Ruedeger A1 - Seboldt, Wolfgang A1 - Spietz, Peter T1 - Gossamer roadmap technology reference study for a Sub-L1 Space Weather Mission T2 - Advances in solar sailing N2 - A technology reference study for a displaced Lagrange point space weather mission is presented. The mission builds on previous concepts, but adopts a strong micro-spacecraft philosophy to deliver a low mass platform and payload which can be accommodated on the DLR/ESA Gossamer-3 technology demonstration mission. A direct escape from Geostationary Transfer Orbit is assumed with the sail deployed after the escape burn. The use of a miniaturized, low mass platform and payload then allows the Gossamer-3 solar sail to potentially double the warning time of space weather events. The mission profile and mass budgets will be presented to achieve these ambitious goals. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-642-34906-5 (Print) ; 978-3-642-34907-2 (E-Book) SP - 227 EP - 242 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Macdonald, Malcolm A1 - McGrath, C. A1 - Appourchaux, T. A1 - Dachwald, Bernd A1 - Finsterle, W. A1 - Gizon, L. A1 - Liewer, P. C. A1 - McInnes, Colin R. A1 - Mengali, G. A1 - Seboldt, W. A1 - Sekii, T. A1 - Solanki, S. K. A1 - Velli, M. A1 - Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F. A1 - Spietz, Peter A1 - Reinhard, Ruedeger ED - Macdonald, Malcolm T1 - Gossamer roadmap technology reference study for a solar polar mission T2 - Advances in solar sailing N2 - A technology reference study for a solar polar mission is presented. The study uses novel analytical methods to quantify the mission design space including the required sail performance to achieve a given solar polar observation angle within a given timeframe and thus to derive mass allocations for the remaining spacecraft sub-systems, that is excluding the solar sail sub-system. A parametric, bottom-up, system mass budget analysis is then used to establish the required sail technology to deliver a range of science payloads, and to establish where such payloads can be delivered to within a given timeframe. It is found that a solar polar mission requires a solar sail of side-length 100–125 m to deliver a ‘sufficient value’ minimum science payload, and that a 2.5 μm sail film substrate is typically required, however the design is much less sensitive to the boom specific mass. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-642-34906-5 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34907-2_17 SP - 243 EP - 257 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Ren-Qi A1 - Druckenmüller, Katharina A1 - Elbers, Gereon A1 - Guenther, Klaus A1 - Croué, Jean-Philippe T1 - Analysis of aquatic-phase natural organic matter by optimized LDI-MS method JF - Journal of mass spectrometry N2 - The composition and physiochemical properties of aquatic-phase natural organic matter (NOM) are most important problems for both environmental studies and water industry. Laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry facilitated successful examinations of NOM, as humic and fulvic acids in NOM are readily ionized by the nitrogen laser. In this study, hydrophobic NOMs (HPO NOMs) from river, reservoir and waste water were characterized by this technique. The effect of analytical variables like concentration, solvent composition and laser energy was investigated. The exact masses of small molecular NOM moieties in the range of 200–1200 m/z were determined in reflectron mode. In addition, spectra of post-source-decay experiments in this range showed that some compounds from different natural NOMs had the same fragmental ions. In the large mass range of 1200–15 000 Da, macromolecules and their aggregates were found in HPO NOMs from natural waters. Highly humic HPO exhibited mass peaks larger than 8000 Da. On the other hand, the waste water and reservoir water mainly had relatively smaller molecules of about 2000 Da. The LDI-MS measurements indicated that highly humic river waters were able to form large aggregates and membrane foulants, while the HPO NOMs from waste water and reservoir water were unlikely to form large aggregates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.3321 SN - 1096-9888 VL - 49 IS - 2 SP - 154 EP - 160 PB - Wiley CY - Bognor Regis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arinkin, Vladimir A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Porst, Dariusz A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül A1 - Artmann, Gerhard T1 - Phenotyping date palm varieties via leaflet cross-sectional imaging and artificial neural network application JF - BMC bioinformatics N2 - Background True date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are impressive trees and have served as an indispensable source of food for mankind in tropical and subtropical countries for centuries. The aim of this study is to differentiate date palm tree varieties by analysing leaflet cross sections with technical/optical methods and artificial neural networks (ANN). Results Fluorescence microscopy images of leaflet cross sections have been taken from a set of five date palm tree cultivars (Hewlat al Jouf, Khlas, Nabot Soltan, Shishi, Um Raheem). After features extraction from images, the obtained data have been fed in a multilayer perceptron ANN with backpropagation learning algorithm. Conclusions Overall, an accurate result in prediction and differentiation of date palm tree cultivars was achieved with average prediction in tenfold cross-validation is 89.1% and reached 100% in one of the best ANN. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-15-55 SN - 1471-2105 VL - 15 IS - 55 SP - 1 EP - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sawada, Kazuaki A1 - Nakazawa, Hirokazu A1 - Takenaga, Shoko A1 - Hizawa, Takeshi A1 - Futagawa, Masato A1 - Dasai, Fumihiro A1 - Sakurai, Takashi A1 - Okumura, Koichi A1 - Hattori, Toshiaki A1 - Ishida, Makoto T1 - Multimodal bioimage sensor JF - IEICE transactions on fundamentals of electronics, communidations and computer sciences N2 - To visualize the biochemical distribution two-dimensionally, we invented a solid-state-type ion image sensor that indicates the chemical activity of solutions and cells. The device, which consists of a CCD array covered with a functionalized membrane to detect charge accumulation, is highly sensitive to changes in the concentration and two-dimensional distribution of ions and biomaterials. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.E97.A.726 SN - 0916-8508 (Print) ; 1745-1337 (Online) VL - E97-A (2014) IS - 3 SP - 726 EP - 733 PB - IEICE CY - Tokyo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leinhos, Marcel A1 - Schusser, Sebastian A1 - Bäcker, Matthias A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Micromachined multi-parameter sensor chip for the control of polymer-degradation medium JF - Physica Status Solidi (A) : special issue on engineering and functional interfaces N2 - It is well known that the degradation environment can strongly influence the biodegradability and kinetics of biodegradation processes of polymers. Therefore, besides the monitoring of the degradation process, it is also necessary to control the medium in which the degradation takes place. In this work, a micromachined multi-parameter sensor chip for the control of the polymer-degradation medium has been developed. The chip combines a capacitive field-effect pH sensor, a four-electrode electrolyte-conductivity sensor and a thin-film Pt-temperature sensor. The results of characterization of individual sensors are presented. In addition, the multi-parameter sensor chip together with an impedimetric polymer-degradation sensor was simultaneously characterized in degradation solutions with different pH and electrolyte conductivity. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of the multi-parameter sensor chip for the control of the polymer-degradation medium. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201330364 SN - 1521-396X (E-Journal); 1862-6319 (E-Journal); 0031-8965 (Print); 1862-6300 (Print) VL - 211 IS - 6 SP - 1346 EP - 1351 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER -