TY - JOUR A1 - Schulte-Tigges, Joschua A1 - Förster, Marco A1 - Nikolovski, Gjorgji A1 - Reke, Michael A1 - Ferrein, Alexander A1 - Kaszner, Daniel A1 - Matheis, Dominik A1 - Walter, Thomas T1 - Benchmarking of various LiDAR sensors for use in self-driving vehicles in real-world environments JF - Sensors N2 - Abstract In this paper, we report on our benchmark results of the LiDAR sensors Livox Horizon, Robosense M1, Blickfeld Cube, Blickfeld Cube Range, Velodyne Velarray H800, and Innoviz Pro. The idea was to test the sensors in different typical scenarios that were defined with real-world use cases in mind, in order to find a sensor that meet the requirements of self-driving vehicles. For this, we defined static and dynamic benchmark scenarios. In the static scenarios, both LiDAR and the detection target do not move during the measurement. In dynamic scenarios, the LiDAR sensor was mounted on the vehicle which was driving toward the detection target. We tested all mentioned LiDAR sensors in both scenarios, show the results regarding the detection accuracy of the targets, and discuss their usefulness for deployment in self-driving cars. KW - Lidar KW - Benchmark KW - Self-driving Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197146 SN - 1424-8220 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Sensor Fusion for Vehicles Navigation and Robotic Systems" VL - 22 IS - 19 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abulnaga, El-Hussiny A1 - Pinkenburg, Olaf A1 - Schiffels, Johannes A1 - E-Refai, Ahmed A1 - Buckel, Wolfgang A1 - Selmer, Thorsten T1 - Effect of an Oxygen-Tolerant Bifurcating Butyryl Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase/Electron-Transferring Flavoprotein Complex from Clostridium difficile on Butyrate Production in Escherichia coli JF - Journal of bacteriology Y1 - 2013 SN - 1098-5530 [E-Journal] SN - 0021-9193 [Print] VL - 195 IS - 16 SP - 3704 EP - 3713 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ritz, Thomas A1 - Izquierdo Tello, César A1 - Damm, Sebastian T1 - Connecting a pedelec to the cloud as basis for gamification in multi modal mobility planning T2 - MobileCloud 2014 : 2nd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering Oxford, United Kingdom 7-10 April 2014 Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-4799-2504-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MobileCloud.2014.25 SP - 101 EP - 108 PB - IEEE Service Center CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer-Stork, L. Sebastian A1 - Höcker, Hartwig A1 - Berndt, Heinz T1 - Syntheses and reactions of urethanes of cellobiose and cellulose-containing uretdione groups JF - Journal of applied polymer science Y1 - 1992 SN - 1097-4628 VL - 44 IS - 6 SP - 1043 EP - 1049 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Peeken, Heinz A1 - Troeder, Christoph A1 - Schmidt, J. A1 - Rosenkranz, Josef T1 - Principles of machine noise reduction T2 - Inter-noise 85 : proceedings ; 1985 international conference on noise control engineering ; Munich, Sept. 18 - 20, 1985. - (Schriftenreihe der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz : Tagungsbericht ; 39) Y1 - 1985 SN - 3-88314-417-7 SP - 23 EP - 36 PB - Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz [u.a.] CY - Dortmund [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frauenrath, Tobias A1 - Fuchs, Katharina A1 - Dieringer, Matthias A. A1 - Özerdem, Celal A1 - Patel, Nishan A1 - Renz, Wolfgang A1 - Greiser, Andreas A1 - Elgeti, Thomas A1 - Niendorf, Thoralf T1 - Detailing the use of magnetohydrodynamic effects for synchronization of MRI with the cardiac cycle: A feasibility study JF - Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging N2 - Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects for synchronization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the cardiac cycle. Materials and Methods: The MHD effect was scrutinized using a pulsatile flow phantom at B0 = 7.0 T. MHD effects were examined in vivo in healthy volunteers (n = 10) for B0 ranging from 0.05–7.0 T. Noncontrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) of the carotids was performed using a gated steady-state free-precession (SSFP) imaging technique in conjunction with electrocardiogram (ECG) and MHD synchronization. Results: The MHD potential correlates with flow velocities derived from phase contrast MRI. MHD voltages depend on the orientation between B0 and the flow of a conductive fluid. An increase in the interelectrode spacing along the flow increases the MHD potential. In vivo measurement of the MHD effect provides peak voltages of 1.5 mV for surface areas close to the common carotid artery at B0 = 7.0 T. Synchronization of MRI with the cardiac cycle using MHD triggering is feasible. MHD triggered MRA of the carotids at 3.0 T showed an overall image quality and richness of anatomic detail, which is comparable to ECG-triggered MRAs. Conclusion: This feasibility study demonstrates the use of MHD effects for synchronization of MR acquisitions with the cardiac cycle. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:364–372. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.23634 SN - 1522-2586 VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 364 EP - 372 PB - Wiley-Liss CY - New York ER - TY - INPR A1 - Grieger, Niklas A1 - Mehrkanoon, Siamak A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Preprint: Data-efficient sleep staging with synthetic time series pretraining T2 - arXiv N2 - Analyzing electroencephalographic (EEG) time series can be challenging, especially with deep neural networks, due to the large variability among human subjects and often small datasets. To address these challenges, various strategies, such as self-supervised learning, have been suggested, but they typically rely on extensive empirical datasets. Inspired by recent advances in computer vision, we propose a pretraining task termed "frequency pretraining" to pretrain a neural network for sleep staging by predicting the frequency content of randomly generated synthetic time series. Our experiments demonstrate that our method surpasses fully supervised learning in scenarios with limited data and few subjects, and matches its performance in regimes with many subjects. Furthermore, our results underline the relevance of frequency information for sleep stage scoring, while also demonstrating that deep neural networks utilize information beyond frequencies to enhance sleep staging performance, which is consistent with previous research. We anticipate that our approach will be advantageous across a broad spectrum of applications where EEG data is limited or derived from a small number of subjects, including the domain of brain-computer interfaces. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laack, Walter van T1 - Our world is well ordered in measurement and number : or why natural constants are as they are JF - American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (AHSS) N2 - All the important natural constants can be logically explained with and derived from the first four ordinal numbers, 1, 2, 3 and 4, its addition to ten and finally the standard values for obviously maximal feasibility Ω and the optimum in our world, the Golden Section (GS), i.e. the number sequences 273 and 618. They both are the first three numbers of irrational results by an arithmetical transformation of simple geometrical relationships by creating multiplicity out of singularity. Both of them show that the infinite is inherent in finiteness and explain in a simple way the smallest deviations and fluctuations between the physical AS-IS state and the obvious spiritual ideal behind: Wherever we look in this world, and especially in important key-positions, we regularly find these sequences. All of the above mentioned numbers so seem to be key players in our world, what can be demonstrated by the derivation of natural constants. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.11634/232907811301390 SN - 2329-079X SN - 2329-0781 VL - 1 IS - 4 SP - 219 EP - 221 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lévesque, Mathieu A1 - Saurer, Matthias A1 - Siegwolf, Rolf A1 - Eilmann, Britta A1 - Brang, Peter A1 - Bugmann, Harald A1 - Rigling, Andreas T1 - Drought response of five conifer species under contrasting water availability suggests high vulnerability of Norway spruce and European larch JF - Global Change Biology Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12268 SN - 1365-2486 (Online) SN - 1354-1013 (Print) VL - 19 IS - 10 SP - 3184 EP - 3199 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wittig, M. A1 - Rütters, René A1 - Bragard, Michael ED - Reiff-Stephan, Jörg ED - Jäkel, Jens ED - Schwarz, André T1 - Application of RL in control systems using the example of a rotatory inverted pendulum T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2024 : Fit für die Zukunft: praktische Lösungen für die industrielle Automation N2 - In this paper, the use of reinforcement learning (RL) in control systems is investigated using a rotatory inverted pendulum as an example. The control behavior of an RL controller is compared to that of traditional LQR and MPC controllers. This is done by evaluating their behavior under optimal conditions, their disturbance behavior, their robustness and their development process. All the investigated controllers are developed using MATLAB and the Simulink simulation environment and later deployed to a real pendulum model powered by a Raspberry Pi. The RL algorithm used is Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). The LQR controller exhibits an easy development process, an average to good control behavior and average to good robustness. A linear MPC controller could show excellent results under optimal operating conditions. However, when subjected to disturbances or deviations from the equilibrium point, it showed poor performance and sometimes instable behavior. Employing a nonlinear MPC Controller in real time was not possible due to the high computational effort involved. The RL controller exhibits by far the most versatile and robust control behavior. When operated in the simulation environment, it achieved a high control accuracy. When employed in the real system, however, it only shows average accuracy and a significantly greater performance loss compared to the simulation than the traditional controllers. With MATLAB, it is not yet possible to directly post-train the RL controller on the Raspberry Pi, which is an obstacle to the practical application of RL in a prototyping or teaching setting. Nevertheless, RL in general proves to be a flexible and powerful control method, which is well suited for complex or nonlinear systems where traditional controllers struggle. KW - Rotatory Inverted Pendulum KW - MPC KW - LQR KW - PPO KW - Reinforcement Learning Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-910103-02-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.33968/2024.53 N1 - 20. AALE-Konferenz. Bielefeld, 06.03.-08.03.2024. (Tagungsband unter https://doi.org/10.33968/2024.29) SP - 241 EP - 248 PB - le-tex publishing services GmbH CY - Leipzig ER -