TY - CHAP A1 - Elsen, Ingo A1 - Kraiss, Karl-Friedrich A1 - Krumbiegel, Dirk T1 - Pixel based 3D object recognition with bidirectional associative memories T2 - International Conference on Neural Networks 1997 N2 - This paper addresses the pixel based recognition of 3D objects with bidirectional associative memories. Computational power and memory requirements for this approach are identified and compared to the performance of current computer architectures by benchmarking different processors. It is shown, that the performance of special purpose hardware, like neurocomputers, is between one and two orders of magnitude higher than the performance of mainstream hardware. On the other hand, the calculation of small neural networks is performed more efficiently on mainstream processors. Based on these results a novel concept is developed, which is tailored for the efficient calculation of bidirectional associative memories. The computational efficiency is further enhanced by the application of algorithms and storage techniques which are matched to characteristics of the application at hand. Y1 - 1997 SN - 0-7803-4122-8 N1 - June 9 - 12, 1997, Westin Galleria Hotel Houston, Texas, USA. SP - 1679 EP - 1684 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eickmann, Matthias A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Abanteriba, Sylvester A1 - Roosen, Petra T1 - Biofuels in Aviation – Safety Implications of Bio-Ethanol Usage in General Aviation Aircraft N2 - Up in the clouds and above fuels and construction materials must be very carefully selected to ensure a smooth flight and touchdown. Out of around 38,000 single and dual-engined propeller aeroplanes, roughly a third are affected by a new trend in the fuel sector that may lead to operating troubles or even emergency landings: The admixture of bio-ethanol to conventional gasoline. Experiences with these fuels may be projected to alternative mixtures containing new components. Y1 - 2014 N1 - 2. International Conference of the Cluster of Excellence Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass, Aachen 2013 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Milijaš, Aleksa A1 - Šakić, Bogdan A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Butenweg, Christoph ED - Papadrakakis, Manolis ED - Fragiadakis, Michalis T1 - Experimental investigation of behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames under out-of-plane loading T2 - Proceedings of COMPDYN 2021 N2 - Masonry infills are commonly used as exterior or interior walls in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures and they can be encountered all over the world, including earthquake prone regions. Since the middle of the 20th century the behaviour of these non-structural elements under seismic loading has been studied in numerous experimental campaigns. However, most of the studies were carried out by means of in-plane tests, while there is a lack of out-of-plane experimental investigations. In this paper, the out-of-plane tests carried out on full scale masonry infilled frames are described. The results of the out-of-plane tests are presented in terms of force-displacement curves and measured out-of-plane displacements. Finally, the reliability of existing analytical approaches developed to estimate the out-of-plane strength of masonry infills is examined on presented experimental results. KW - Seismic loading KW - Masonry infill KW - Out-of-plane load KW - Out-of-plane strength Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-618-85072-5-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7712/120121.8528.18914 SN - 2623-3347 N1 - COMPDYN 2021, 28-30 June 2021, Streamed from Athens, Greece, 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering SP - 829 EP - 846 PB - National Technical University of Athens CY - Athen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Šakić, Bogdan A1 - Milijaš, Aleksa A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Klinkel, Sven ED - Papadrakakis, Manolis ED - Fragiadakis, Michalis T1 - Influence of prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane response of non-load bearing unreinforced masonry walls under seismic load T2 - Proceedings of COMPDYN 2021 N2 - Reinforced concrete frames with masonry infill walls are popular form of construction all over the world as well in seismic regions. While severe earthquakes can cause high level of damage of both reinforced concrete and masonry infills, earthquakes of lower to medium intensity some-times can cause significant level of damage of masonry infill walls. Especially important is the level of damage of face loaded infill masonry walls (out-of-plane direction) as out-of-plane load cannot only bring high level of damage to the wall, it can also be life-threating for the people near the wall. The response in out-of-plane direction directly depends on the prior in-plane damage, as previous investigation shown that it decreases resistance capacity of the in-fills. Behaviour of infill masonry walls with and without prior in-plane load is investigated in the experimental campaign and the results are presented in this paper. These results are later compared with analytical approaches for the out-of-plane resistance from the literature. Conclusions based on the experimental campaign on the influence of prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane response of infill walls are compared with the conclusions from other authors who investigated the same problematic. KW - Earthquake Engineering KW - Unreinforced masonry walls KW - Out-of-plane load KW - In- plane damage KW - Out-of-plane failure Y1 - 2021 SN - 9786188507258 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7712/120121.8527.18913 SN - 2623-3347 N1 - COMPDYN 2021, 28-30 June 2021, Streamed from Athens, Greece, 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering SP - 808 EP - 828 PB - National Technical University of Athens CY - Athen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tomic, Igor A1 - Penna, Andrea A1 - DeJong, Matthew A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Senaldi, Ilaria A1 - Guerrini, Gabriele A1 - Malomo, Daniele A1 - Beyer, Katrin T1 - Blind predictions of shake table testing of aggregate masonry buildings T2 - Proceedings of the 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering N2 - In many historical centers in Europe, stone masonry is part of building aggregates, which developed when the layout of the city or village was densified. The analysis of such building aggregates is very challenging and modelling guidelines missing. Advances in the development of analysis methods have been impeded by the lack of experimental data on the seismic response of such aggregates. The SERA project AIMS (Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures) provides such experimental data by testing an aggregate of two buildings under two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. With the aim to advance the modelling of unreinforced masonry aggregates, a blind prediction competition is organized before the experimental campaign. Each group has been provided a complete set of construction drawings, material properties, testing sequence and the list of measurements to be reported. The applied modelling approaches span from equivalent frame models to Finite Element models using shell elements and discrete element models with solid elements. This paper compares the first entries, regarding the modelling approaches, results in terms of base shear, roof displacements, interface openings, and the failure modes. KW - Historical centres KW - Stone masonry KW - Adjacent buildings KW - Shake table test KW - Blind prediction competition Y1 - 2020 N1 - 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan, September 27 to October 2, 2021 N1 - (Die Konferenz war ursprünglich für den 13-18 September 2020 angesetzt) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tomić, Igor A1 - Penna, Andrea A1 - DeJong, Matthew A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Correia, António A. A1 - Candeias, Paulo X. A1 - Senaldi, Ilaria A1 - Guerrini, Gabriele A1 - Malomo, Daniele A1 - Beyer, Katrin T1 - Seismic testing of adjacent interacting masonry structures T2 - 12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC 2020) N2 - In many historical centres in Europe, stone masonry buildings are part of building aggregates, which developed when the layout of the city or village was densified. In these aggregates, adjacent buildings share structural walls to support floors and roofs. Meanwhile, the masonry walls of the façades of adjacent buildings are often connected by dry joints since adjacent buildings were constructed at different times. Observations after for example the recent Central Italy earthquakes showed that the dry joints between the building units were often the first elements to be damaged. As a result, the joints opened up leading to pounding between the building units and a complicated interaction at floor and roof beam supports. The analysis of such building aggregates is very challenging and modelling guidelines do not exist. Advances in the development of analysis methods have been impeded by the lack of experimental data on the seismic response of such aggregates. The objective of the project AIMS (Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures), included in the H2020 project SERA, is to provide such experimental data by testing an aggregate of two buildings under two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. The test unit is built at half-scale, with a two-storey building and a one-storey building. The buildings share one common wall while the façade walls are connected by dry joints. The floors are at different heights leading to a complex dynamic response of this smallest possible building aggregate. The shake table test is conducted at the LNEC seismic testing facility. The testing sequence comprises four levels of shaking: 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of nominal shaking table capacity. Extensive instrumentation, including accelerometers, displacement transducers and optical measurement systems, provides detailed information on the building aggregate response. Special attention is paid to the interface opening, the globa KW - Historical centres KW - Stone masonry KW - Adjacent buildings KW - Shake table test Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.234 N1 - 12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC 2021), September 29-30 and October 1, 2021, online N1 - (SAHC 2020 ursprünglich geplant für September 2020 in Barelona - verschoben wg. Covid-Pandemie) SP - 1 EP - 12 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Morandi, Paolo A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Breis, Khaled A1 - Beyer, Katrin A1 - Magenes, Guido ED - Arion, Christian ED - Scupin, Alexandra ED - Ţigănescu, Alexandru T1 - Behaviour factor q for the seismic design of URM buildings T2 - The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology N2 - Recent earthquakes showed that low-rise URM buildings following codecompliant seismic design and details behaved in general very well without substantial damages. Although advances in simulation tools make nonlinear calculation methods more readily accessible to designers, linear analyses will still be the standard design method for years to come. The present paper aims to improve the linear seismic design method by providing a proper definition of the q-factor of URM buildings. Values of q-factors are derived for low-rise URM buildings with rigid diaphragms, with reference to modern structural configurations realized in low to moderate seismic areas of Italy and Germany. The behaviour factor components for deformation and energy dissipation capacity and for overstrength due to the redistribution of forces are derived by means of pushover analyses. As a result of the investigations, rationally based values of the behaviour factor q to be used in linear analyses in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 are proposed. KW - unreinforced masonry buildings KW - modern constructions KW - seismic design KW - linear elastic analysis; KW - behaviour factor q Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-973-100-533-1 N1 - 3ECEES - Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, September 4 – September 9, 2022, Bucharest SP - 1184 EP - 1194 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Milijaš, Aleksa A1 - Šakić, Bogdan A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Gams, Matija A1 - Klinkel, Sven ED - Arion, Cristian ED - Scupin, Alexandra ED - Ţigănescu, Alexandru T1 - Effects of prior in-plane damage on out-of-plane response of masonry infills with openings T2 - The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology N2 - Masonry infill walls are the most traditional enclosure system that is still widely used in RC frame buildings all over the world, particularly in seismic active regions. Although infill walls are usually neglected in seismic design, during an earthquake event they are subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane forces that can act separately or simultaneously. Since observations of damage to buildings after recent earthquakes showed detrimental effects of in-plane and out-of-plane load interaction on infill walls, the number of studies that focus on influence of in-plane damage on out-of-plane response has significantly increased. However, most of the xperimental campaigns have considered only solid infills and there is a lack of combined in-plane and out-of-plane experimental tests on masonry infills with openings, although windows and doors strongly affect seismic performance. In this paper, two types of experimental tests on infills with window openings are presented. The first is a pure out-of-plane test and the second one is a sequential in-plane and out-of-plane test aimed at investigating the effects of existing in-plane damage on outof-plane response. Additionally, findings from two tests with similar load procedure that were carried out on fully infilled RC frames in the scope of the same project are used for comparison. Test results clearly show that window opening increased vulnerability of infills to combined seismic actions and that prevention of damage in infills with openings is of the utmost importance for seismic safety. KW - Seismic loading KW - In-plane load KW - Out-of-plane load KW - Interaction KW - Window opening Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-973-100-533-1 N1 - 3ECEES - Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, September 4 – September 9, 2022, Bucharest SP - 2747 EP - 2756 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riga, Evi A1 - Pitilakis, Kyriazis A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Apostolaki, Stefania A1 - Karatzetzou, Anna ED - Arion, Cristian ED - Scupin, Alexandra ED - Ţigănescu, Alexandru T1 - Investigating the impact of the new European Seismic Hazard Model ESHM20 on the seismic design and safety control of industrial facilities T2 - The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology N2 - The seismic performance and safety of major European industrial facilities has a global interest for Europe, its citizens and economy. A potential major disaster at an industrial site could affect several countries, probably far beyond the country where it is located. However, the seismic design and safety assessment of these facilities is practically based on national, often outdated seismic hazard assessment studies, due to many reasons, including the absence of a reliable, commonly developed seismic hazard model for whole Europe. This important gap is no more existing, as the 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model ESHM20 was released in December 2021. In this paper we investigate the expected impact of the adoption of ESHM20 on the seismic demand for industrial facilities, through the comparison of the ESHM20 probabilistic hazard at the sites where industrial facilities are located with the respective national and European regulations. The goal of this preliminary work in the framework of Working Group 13 of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering (EAEE), is to identify potential inadequacies in the design and safety control of existing industrial facilities and to highlight the expected impact of the adoption of the new European Seismic Hazard Model on the design of new industrial facilities and the safety assessment of existing ones. KW - ESHM20, industrial facilities KW - seismic hazard KW - seismic design KW - safety control Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-973-100-533-1 N1 - 3ECEES - Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, September 4 – September 9, 2022, Bucharest SP - 3261 EP - 3270 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pütz, Sebastian A1 - Baier, Ralph A1 - Brauner, Philipp A1 - Brillowski, Florian A1 - Dammers, Hannah A1 - Liehner, Luca A1 - Mertens, Alexander A1 - Rodemann, Niklas A1 - Schneider, Sebastian A1 - Schollemann, Alexander A1 - Steuer-Dankert, Linda A1 - Vervier, Luisa A1 - Gries, Thomas A1 - Leicht-Scholten, Carmen A1 - Nagel, Saskia K. A1 - Piller, Frank T. A1 - Schuh, Günther A1 - Ziefle, Martina A1 - Nitsch, Verena T1 - An interdisciplinary view on humane interfaces for digital shadows in the internet of production T2 - 2022 15th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI) N2 - Digital shadows play a central role for the next generation industrial internet, also known as Internet of Production (IoP). However, prior research has not considered systematically how human actors interact with digital shadows, shaping their potential for success. To address this research gap, we assembled an interdisciplinary team of authors from diverse areas of human-centered research to propose and discuss design and research recommendations for the implementation of industrial user interfaces for digital shadows, as they are currently conceptualized for the IoP. Based on the four use cases of decision support systems, knowledge sharing in global production networks, human-robot collaboration, and monitoring employee workload, we derive recommendations for interface design and enhancing workers’ capabilities. This analysis is extended by introducing requirements from the higher-level perspectives of governance and organization. KW - digital twin KW - digital shadow KW - cyber-physical production system KW - human-machine interface Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-6823-7 (Print) SN - 978-1-6654-6822-0 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/HSI55341.2022.9869467 SN - 2158-2246 (Print) SN - 2158-2254 (Online) N1 - 15th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI), 28-31 July 2022, Melbourne, Australia. PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Butenweg, Christoph ED - Papadrakakis, Manolis ED - Fragiadakis, Michalis T1 - Experimental and numerical analysis of RC frames with decoupled masonry infills T2 - 7th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering N2 - Masonry infill walls are commonly used in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures, also in seismically active areas, although they often experience serious damage during earthquakes. One of the main reasons for their poor behaviour is the connection to the frame, which is usually constructed using mortar. This paper describes the novel solution for infill/frame connection based on application of elastomeric material between them. The system called INODIS (Innovative Decoupled Infill System) has the aim to postpone the activation of infill in in-plane direction and at the same time to provide sufficient out-of-plane support. First, experimental tests on infilled frame specimens are presented and the comparison of the results between traditionally infilled frames and infilled frames with the INODIS system are given. The results are then used for calibration and validation of numerical model, which can be further employed for investigating the influence of some material parameters on the behaviour of infilled frames with the INODIS system. KW - Earthquake KW - In-plane KW - Out-of-plane KW - Isolation KW - Seismic Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-618-82844-5-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7712/120119.7088.18845 SN - 2623-3347 N1 - COMPDYN 2019, 24-26 June 2019, Crete, Greece. SP - 2464 EP - 2479 PB - National Technical University of Athens CY - Athen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Butenweg, Christoph T1 - Out-of-plane behavior of decoupled masonry infills under seismic loading T2 - Proceedings of the 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering N2 - Masonry is used in many buildings not only for load-bearing walls, but also for non-load-bearing enclosure elements in the form of infill walls. Many studies confirmed that infill walls interact with the surrounding reinforced concrete frame, thus changing dynamic characteristics of the structure. Consequently, masonry infills cannot be neglected in the design process. However, although the relevant standards contain requirements for infill walls, they do not describe how these requirements are to be met concretely. This leads in practice to the fact that the infill walls are neither dimensioned nor constructed correctly. The evidence of this fact is confirmed by the recent earthquakes, which have led to enormous damages, sometimes followed by the total collapse of buildings and loss of human lives. Recently, the increasing effort has been dedicated to the approach of decoupling of masonry infills from the frame elements by introducing the gap in between. This helps in removing the interaction between infills and frame, but raises the question of out-of-plane stability of the panel. This paper presents the results of the experimental campaign showing the out-of-plane behavior of masonry infills decoupled with the system called INODIS (Innovative decoupled infill system), developed within the European project INSYSME (Innovative Systems for Earthquake Resistant Masonry Enclosures in Reinforced Concrete Buildings). Full scale specimens were subjected to the different loading conditions and combinations of in-plane and out-of-plane loading. Out-of-plane capacity of the masonry infills with the INODIS system is compared with traditionally constructed infills, showing that INODIS system provides reliable out-of-plane connection under various loading conditions. In contrast, traditional infills performed very poor in the case of combined and simultaneously applied in-plane and out-of-plane loading, experiencing brittle behavior under small in-plane drifts followed by high out-of-plane displacements. Decoupled infills with the INODIS system have remained stable under out-of-plane loads, even after reaching high in-plane drifts and being damaged. KW - in-plane KW - out-of-plane KW - INODIS KW - earthquake KW - connection detail Y1 - 2020 N1 - 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan, September 27 to October 2, 2021 N1 - (Die Konferenz war ursprünglich für den 13-18 September 2020 angesetzt) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Milkova, Kristina A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Dumova-Jovanoska, Elena T1 - Methodology for development of seismic vulnerability curve for existing unreinforced Masonry buildings T2 - Proceedings of the 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering N2 - Seismic behavior of an existing unreinforced masonry building built pre-modern code, located in the City of Ohrid, Republic of North Macedonia has been investigated in this paper. The analyzed school building is selected as an archetype in an ongoing project named “Seismic vulnerability assessment of existing masonry structures in Republic of North Macedonia (SeismoWall)”. Two independent segments were included in this research: Seismic hazard assessment by creating a cite specific response spectra and Seismic vulnerability definition by creating a region - specific series of vulnerability curves for the chosen building topology. A reliable Seismic Hazard Assessment for a selected region is a crucial point for performing a seismic risk analysis of a characteristic building class. In that manner, a scenario – based method that incorporates together the knowledge of tectonic style of the considered region, the active fault characterization, the earth crust model and the historical seismicity named Neo Deterministic approach is used for calculation of the response spectra for the location of the building. Variations of the rupturing process are taken into account in the nucleation point of the rupture, in the rupture velocity pattern and in the istribution of the slip on the fault. The results obtained from the multiple scenarios are obtained as an envelope of the response spectra computed for the cite using the procedure Maximum Credible Seismic Input (MCSI). Capacity of the selected building has been determined by using nonlinear static analysis. MINEA software (SDA Engineering) was used for verification of the structural safety of the chosen unreinforced masonry structure. In the process of optimization of the number of samples, computational cost required in a Monte Carlo simulation is significantly reduced since the simulation is performed on a polynomial response surface function for prediction of the structural response. Performance point, found as the intersection of the capacity of the building and the spectra used, is chosen as a response parameter. Five levels of damage limit states based on the capacity curve of the building are defined in dependency on the yield displacement and the maximum displacement. Maximum likelihood estimation procedure is utilized in the process of vulnerability curves determination. As a result, region specific series of vulnerability curves for the chosen type of masonry structures are defined. The obtained probabilities of exceedance a specific damage states as a result from vulnerability curves are compared with the observed damages happened after the earthquake in July 2017 in the City of Ohrid, North Macedonia. KW - Masonry structures KW - Vulnerability Curves KW - Capacity Curve KW - Neo-Deterministic KW - Seismic Hazard Y1 - 2020 N1 - 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan, September 27 to October 2, 2021 N1 - (Die Konferenz war ursprünglich für den 13-18 September 2020 angesetzt) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Bursi, Oreste S. A1 - Nardin, Chiara A1 - Lanese, Igor A1 - Pavese, Alberto A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Paolacci, Fabrizio A1 - Quinci, Gianluca T1 - Experimental investigation on the seismic performance of a multi-component system for major-hazard industrial facilities T2 - Conference Proceedings: Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference Vol.5 N2 - Past earthquakes demonstrated the high vulnerability of industrial facilities equipped with complex process technologies leading to serious damage of the process equipment and multiple and simultaneous release of hazardous substances in industrial facilities. Nevertheless, the design of industrial plants is inadequately described in recent codes and guidelines, as they do not consider the dynamic interaction between the structure and the installations and thus the effect of seismic response of the installations on the response of the structure and vice versa. The current code-based approach for the seismic design of industrial facilities is considered not enough for ensure proper safety conditions against exceptional event entailing loss of content and related consequences. Accordingly, SPIF project (Seismic Performance of Multi-Component Systems in Special Risk Industrial Facilities) was proposed within the framework of the European H2020 - SERA funding scheme (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe). The objective of the SPIF project is the investigation of the seismic behaviour of a representative industrial structure equipped with complex process technology by means of shaking table tests. The test structure is a three-story moment resisting steel frame with vertical and horizontal vessels and cabinets, arranged on the three levels and connected by pipes. The dynamic behaviour of the test structure and of its relative several installations is investigated. Furthermore, both process components and primary structure interactions are considered and analyzed. Several PGA-scaled artificial ground motions are applied to study the seismic response at different levels. After each test, dynamic identification measurements are carried out to characterize the system condition. The contribution presents the experimental setup of the investigated structure and installations, selected measurement data and describes the obtained damage. Furthermore, important findings for the definition of performance limits, the effectiveness of floor response spectra in industrial facilities will be presented and discussed. KW - industrial facilities KW - piping KW - installations KW - seismic loading KW - earthquakes Y1 - 2021 SN - 9780791885352 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2021-61696 N1 - ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference, July 13–15, 2021, Virtual, Online PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Balaskas, Georgios A1 - Hoffmeister, Benno A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Pilz, Marco A1 - Bauer, Anna ED - Papadrakakis, Manolis ED - Fragiadakis, Michalis T1 - Earthquake early warning and response system based on intelligent seismic and monitoring sensors embedded in a communication platform and coupled with BIM models T2 - Proceedings of COMPDYN 2021 N2 - This paper describes the concept of an innovative, interdisciplinary, user-oriented earthquake warning and rapid response system coupled with a structural health monitoring system (SHM), capable to detect structural damages in real time. The novel system is based on interconnected decentralized seismic and structural health monitoring sensors. It is developed and will be exemplarily applied on critical infrastructures in Lower Rhine Region, in particular on a road bridge and within a chemical industrial facility. A communication network is responsible to exchange information between sensors and forward warnings and status reports about infrastructures’health condition to the concerned recipients (e.g., facility operators, local authorities). Safety measures such as emergency shutdowns are activated to mitigate structural damages and damage propagation. Local monitoring systems of the infrastructures are integrated in BIM models. The visualization of sensor data and the graphic representation of the detected damages provide spatial content to sensors data and serve as a useful and effective tool for the decision-making processes after an earthquake in the region under consideration. KW - early warning and response system KW - interconnected sensor systems KW - seismic structural damage detection via SHM KW - integration SHM in BIM Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-618-85072-5-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7712/120121.8539.18855 SN - 2623-3347 N1 - COMPDYN 2021, 28-30 June 2021, Streamed from Athens, Greece, 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering SP - 987 EP - 998 PB - National Technical University of Athens CY - Athen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Milkova, Kristina A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Dumova-Jovanoska, Elena T1 - Region-sensitive comprehensive procedure for determination of seismic fragility curves T2 - 1st Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering 1CroCEE N2 - Seismic vulnerability estimation of existing structures is unquestionably interesting topic of high priority, particularly after earthquake events. Having in mind the vast number of old masonry buildings in North Macedonia serving as public institutions, it is evident that the structural assessment of these buildings is an issue of great importance. In this paper, a comprehensive methodology for the development of seismic fragility curves of existing masonry buildings is presented. A scenario – based method that incorporates the knowledge of the tectonic style of the considered region, the active fault characterization, the earth crust model and the historical seismicity (determined via the Neo Deterministic approach) is used for calculation of the necessary response spectra. The capacity of the investigated masonry buildings has been determined by using nonlinear static analysis. MINEA software (SDA Engineering) is used for verification of the structural safety of the structures Performance point, obtained from the intersection of the capacity of the building and the spectra used, is selected as a response parameter. The thresholds of the spectral displacement are obtained by splitting the capacity curve into five parts, utilizing empirical formulas which are represented as a function of yield displacement and ultimate displacement. As a result, four levels of damage limit states are determined. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure for the process of fragility curves determination is noted as a final step in the proposed procedure. As a result, region specific series of vulnerability curves for structures are defined. KW - seismic risk KW - seismic vulnerability KW - fragility curves KW - masonry structures Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5592/CO/1CroCEE.2021.158 N1 - 1st Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering 1CroCEE 2021, 22.–24. März 2021, University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, Zagreb, Croatia SP - 121 EP - 128 PB - University of Zagreb CY - Zagreb ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Butenweg, Christoph ED - Kuzmanović, Vladan ED - Ignjatović, Ivan T1 - Integrated approach for monitoring and management of buildings with digital building models and modern sensor technologies T2 - Proceedings of the International Conference Civil Engineering 2021 - Achievements and Visions N2 - Nowadays modern high-performance buildings and facilities are equipped with monitoring systems and sensors to control building characteristics like energy consumption, temperature pattern and structural safety. The visualization and interpretation of sensor data is typically based on simple spreadsheets and non-standardized user-oriented solutions, which makes it difficult for building owners, facility managers and decision-makers to evaluate and understand the data. The solution of this problem in the future are integrated BIM-Sensor approaches which allow the generation of BIM models incorporating all relevant information of monitoring systems. These approaches support both the dynamic visualization of key structural performance parameters, the effective long-term management of sensor data based on BIM and provide a user-friendly interface to communicate with various stakeholders. A major benefit for the end user is the use of the BIM software architecture, which is the future standard anyway. In the following, the application of the integrated BIM-Sensor approach is illustrated for a typical industrial facility as a part of an early warning and rapid response system for earthquake events currently developed in the research project “ROBUST” with financial support by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWI). Y1 - 2021 N1 - Civil Engineering 2021 – Achievements and Visions, University of Belgrade, October 25 – 26, 2021 Belgrade, Serbia SP - 67 EP - 75 PB - University of Belgrade CY - Belgrade ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falkenberg, Fabian A1 - Bott, Michael A1 - Bongaerts, Johannes A1 - Siegert, Petra T1 - Phylogenetic survey of the subtilase family and a data-mining-based search for new subtilisins from Bacillaceae JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - The subtilase family (S8), a member of the clan SB of serine proteases are ubiquitous in all kingdoms of life and fulfil different physiological functions. Subtilases are divided in several groups and especially subtilisins are of interest as they are used in various industrial sectors. Therefore, we searched for new subtilisin sequences of the family Bacillaceae using a data mining approach. The obtained 1,400 sequences were phylogenetically classified in the context of the subtilase family. This required an updated comprehensive overview of the different groups within this family. To fill this gap, we conducted a phylogenetic survey of the S8 family with characterised holotypes derived from the MEROPS database. The analysis revealed the presence of eight previously uncharacterised groups and 13 subgroups within the S8 family. The sequences that emerged from the data mining with the set filter parameters were mainly assigned to the subtilisin subgroups of true subtilisins, high-alkaline subtilisins, and phylogenetically intermediate subtilisins and represent an excellent source for new subtilisin candidates. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017978 SN - 1664-302X VL - 2022 IS - 13 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haeger, Gerrit A1 - Bongaerts, Johannes A1 - Siegert, Petra T1 - A convenient ninhydrin assay in 96-well format for amino acid-releasing enzymes using an air-stable reagent JF - Analytical Biochemistry N2 - An improved and convenient ninhydrin assay for aminoacylase activity measurements was developed using the commercial EZ Nin™ reagent. Alternative reagents from literature were also evaluated and compared. The addition of DMSO to the reagent enhanced the solubility of Ruhemann's purple (RP). Furthermore, we found that the use of a basic, aqueous buffer enhances stability of RP. An acidic protocol for the quantification of lysine was developed by addition of glacial acetic acid. The assay allows for parallel processing in a 96-well format with measurements microtiter plates. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2022.114819 SN - 1096-0309 IS - 624 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Welden, Melanie A1 - Severins, Robin A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Wege, Christina A1 - Bongaerts, Johannes A1 - Siegert, Petra A1 - Keusgen, Michael A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Detection of acetoin and diacetyl by a tobacco mosaic virus-assisted field-effect biosensor JF - Chemosensors N2 - Acetoin and diacetyl have a major impact on the flavor of alcoholic beverages such as wine or beer. Therefore, their measurement is important during the fermentation process. Until now, gas chromatographic techniques have typically been applied; however, these require expensive laboratory equipment and trained staff, and do not allow for online monitoring. In this work, a capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor sensor modified with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles as enzyme nanocarriers for the detection of acetoin and diacetyl is presented. The enzyme acetoin reductase from Alkalihalobacillus clausii DSM 8716ᵀ is immobilized via biotin–streptavidin affinity, binding to the surface of the TMV particles. The TMV-assisted biosensor is electrochemically characterized by means of leakage–current, capacitance–voltage, and constant capacitance measurements. In this paper, the novel biosensor is studied regarding its sensitivity and long-term stability in buffer solution. Moreover, the TMV-assisted capacitive field-effect sensor is applied for the detection of diacetyl for the first time. The measurement of acetoin and diacetyl with the same sensor setup is demonstrated. Finally, the successive detection of acetoin and diacetyl in buffer and in diluted beer is studied by tuning the sensitivity of the biosensor using the pH value of the measurement solution. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10060218 SN - 2227-9040 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Nanostructured Devices for Biochemical Sensing" VL - 10 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Welden, Melanie A1 - Severins, Robin A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Wege, Christina A1 - Siegert, Petra A1 - Keusgen, Michael A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Studying the immobilization of acetoin reductase with Tobacco mosaic virus particles on capacitive field-effect sensors T2 - 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN) N2 - A capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EISCAP) biosensor modified with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles for the detection of acetoin is presented. The enzyme acetoin reductase (AR) was immobilized on the surface of the EISCAP using TMV particles as nanoscaffolds. The study focused on the optimization of the TMV-assisted AR immobilization on the Ta 2 O 5 -gate EISCAP surface. The TMV-assisted acetoin EISCAPs were electrochemically characterized by means of leakage-current, capacitance-voltage, and constant-capacitance measurements. The TMV-modified transducer surface was studied via scanning electron microscopy. KW - Tobacco mosaic virus KW - acetoin KW - capacitive field-effect biosensor KW - enzyme immobilization Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-5860-3 (Online) SN - 978-1-6654-5861-0 (Print) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISOEN54820.2022.9789657 N1 - IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN), 29 May 2022 - 01 June 2022, Aveiro, Portugal. PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ojovan, Michael I. A1 - Steinmetz, Hans-Jürgen T1 - Approaches to Disposal of Nuclear Waste JF - Energies N2 - We present a concise mini overview on the approaches to the disposal of nuclear waste currently used or deployed. The disposal of nuclear waste is the end point of nuclear waste management (NWM) activities and is the emplacement of waste in an appropriate facility without the intention to retrieve it. The IAEA has developed an internationally accepted classification scheme based on the end points of NWM, which is used as guidance. Retention times needed for safe isolation of waste radionuclides are estimated based on the radiotoxicity of nuclear waste. Disposal facilities usually rely on a multi-barrier defence system to isolate the waste from the biosphere, which comprises the natural geological barrier and the engineered barrier system. Disposal facilities could be of a trench type, vaults, tunnels, shafts, boreholes, or mined repositories. A graded approach relates the depth of the disposal facilities’ location with the level of hazard. Disposal practices demonstrate the reliability of nuclear waste disposal with minimal expected impacts on the environment and humans. KW - borehole disposal KW - geological disposal KW - disposal facility KW - retention time KW - nuclear waste Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207804 SN - 1996-1073 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Treatment of Radioactive Waste and Sustainability Energy" VL - 15 IS - 20 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhantlessova, Sirina A1 - Savitskaya, Irina A1 - Kistaubayeva, Aida A1 - Ignatova, Ludmila A1 - Talipova, Aizhan A1 - Pogrebnjak, Alexander A1 - Digel, Ilya T1 - Advanced “Green” prebiotic composite of bacterial cellulose/pullulan based on synthetic biology-powered microbial coculture strategy JF - Polymers N2 - Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer produced by different microorganisms, but in biotechnological practice, Komagataeibacter xylinus is used. The micro- and nanofibrillar structure of BC, which forms many different-sized pores, creates prerequisites for the introduction of other polymers into it, including those synthesized by other microorganisms. The study aims to develop a cocultivation system of BC and prebiotic producers to obtain BC-based composite material with prebiotic activity. In this study, pullulan (PUL) was found to stimulate the growth of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG better than the other microbial polysaccharides gellan and xanthan. BC/PUL biocomposite with prebiotic properties was obtained by cocultivation of Komagataeibacter xylinus and Aureobasidium pullulans, BC and PUL producers respectively, on molasses medium. The inclusion of PUL in BC is proved gravimetrically by scanning electron microscopy and by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Cocultivation demonstrated a composite effect on the aggregation and binding of BC fibers, which led to a significant improvement in mechanical properties. The developed approach for “grafting” of prebiotic activity on BC allows preparation of environmentally friendly composites of better quality. KW - coculture KW - pullulan KW - exopolysaccharides KW - prebiotic KW - bacterial cellulose Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14153224 SN - 2073-4360 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Cellulose Based Composites" VL - 14 IS - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Welden, Melanie A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Vahidpour, Farnoosh A1 - Wendlandt, Tim A1 - Keusgen, Michael A1 - Wege, Christina A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Towards multi-analyte detection with field-effect capacitors modified with tobacco mosaic virus bioparticles as enzyme nanocarriers JF - Biosensors N2 - Utilizing an appropriate enzyme immobilization strategy is crucial for designing enzyme-based biosensors. Plant virus-like particles represent ideal nanoscaffolds for an extremely dense and precise immobilization of enzymes, due to their regular shape, high surface-to-volume ratio and high density of surface binding sites. In the present work, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles were applied for the co-immobilization of penicillinase and urease onto the gate surface of a field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitor (EISCAP) with a p-Si-SiO₂-Ta₂O₅ layer structure for the sequential detection of penicillin and urea. The TMV-assisted bi-enzyme EISCAP biosensor exhibited a high urea and penicillin sensitivity of 54 and 85 mV/dec, respectively, in the concentration range of 0.1–3 mM. For comparison, the characteristics of single-enzyme EISCAP biosensors modified with TMV particles immobilized with either penicillinase or urease were also investigated. The surface morphology of the TMV-modified Ta₂O₅-gate was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the bi-enzyme EISCAP was applied to mimic an XOR (Exclusive OR) enzyme logic gate. KW - urease KW - enzyme-logic gate KW - bi-enzyme biosensor KW - capacitive field-effect sensor KW - tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) KW - penicillinase Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12010043 SN - 2079-6374 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Biosensors: 10th Anniversary Feature Papers" VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - On Consistent Hypothesis Testing In General Hilbert Spaces T2 - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Statistics: Theory and Applications (ICSTA’22) N2 - Inference on the basis of high-dimensional and functional data are two topics which are discussed frequently in the current statistical literature. A possibility to include both topics in a single approach is working on a very general space for the underlying observations, such as a separable Hilbert space. We propose a general method for consistently hypothesis testing on the basis of random variables with values in separable Hilbert spaces. We avoid concerns with the curse of dimensionality due to a projection idea. We apply well-known test statistics from nonparametric inference to the projected data and integrate over all projections from a specific set and with respect to suitable probability measures. In contrast to classical methods, which are applicable for real-valued random variables or random vectors of dimensions lower than the sample size, the tests can be applied to random vectors of dimensions larger than the sample size or even to functional and high-dimensional data. In general, resampling procedures such as bootstrap or permutation are suitable to determine critical values. The idea can be extended to the case of incomplete observations. Moreover, we develop an efficient algorithm for implementing the method. Examples are given for testing goodness-of-fit in a one-sample situation in [1] or for testing marginal homogeneity on the basis of a paired sample in [2]. Here, the test statistics in use can be seen as generalizations of the well-known Cramérvon-Mises test statistics in the one-sample and two-samples case. The treatment of other testing problems is possible as well. By using the theory of U-statistics, for instance, asymptotic null distributions of the test statistics are obtained as the sample size tends to infinity. Standard continuity assumptions ensure the asymptotic exactness of the tests under the null hypothesis and that the tests detect any alternative in the limit. Simulation studies demonstrate size and power of the tests in the finite sample case, confirm the theoretical findings, and are used for the comparison with concurring procedures. A possible application of the general approach is inference for stock market returns, also in high data frequencies. In the field of empirical finance, statistical inference of stock market prices usually takes place on the basis of related log-returns as data. In the classical models for stock prices, i.e., the exponential Lévy model, Black-Scholes model, and Merton model, properties such as independence and stationarity of the increments ensure an independent and identically structure of the data. Specific trends during certain periods of the stock price processes can cause complications in this regard. In fact, our approach can compensate those effects by the treatment of the log-returns as random vectors or even as functional data. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.11159/icsta22.157 N1 - 4th International Conference on Statistics: Theory and Applications (ICSTA’22), Prague, Czech Republic – July 28- 30 SP - Paper No. 157 PB - Avestia Publishing CY - Orléans, Kanada ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ditzhaus, Marc A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - Testing marginal homogeneity in Hilbert spaces with applications to stock market returns JF - Test N2 - This paper considers a paired data framework and discusses the question of marginal homogeneity of bivariate high-dimensional or functional data. The related testing problem can be endowed into a more general setting for paired random variables taking values in a general Hilbert space. To address this problem, a Cramér–von-Mises type test statistic is applied and a bootstrap procedure is suggested to obtain critical values and finally a consistent test. The desired properties of a bootstrap test can be derived that are asymptotic exactness under the null hypothesis and consistency under alternatives. Simulations show the quality of the test in the finite sample case. A possible application is the comparison of two possibly dependent stock market returns based on functional data. The approach is demonstrated based on historical data for different stock market indices. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11749-022-00802-5 SN - 1863-8260 VL - 2022 IS - 31 SP - 749 EP - 770 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaigall, Daniel A1 - Gerstenberg, Julian A1 - Trinh, Thi Thu Ha T1 - Empirical process of concomitants for partly categorial data and applications in statistics JF - Bernoulli N2 - On the basis of independent and identically distributed bivariate random vectors, where the components are categorial and continuous variables, respectively, the related concomitants, also called induced order statistic, are considered. The main theoretical result is a functional central limit theorem for the empirical process of the concomitants in a triangular array setting. A natural application is hypothesis testing. An independence test and a two-sample test are investigated in detail. The fairly general setting enables limit results under local alternatives and bootstrap samples. For the comparison with existing tests from the literature simulation studies are conducted. The empirical results obtained confirm the theoretical findings. KW - bootstrap KW - Categorial variable KW - Concomitant KW - Empirical process KW - Independence test Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3150/21-BEJ1367 SN - 1573-9759 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 803 EP - 829 PB - International Statistical Institute CY - Den Haag, NL ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - Test for Changes in the Modeled Solvency Capital Requirement of an Internal Risk Model JF - ASTIN Bulletin N2 - In the context of the Solvency II directive, the operation of an internal risk model is a possible way for risk assessment and for the determination of the solvency capital requirement of an insurance company in the European Union. A Monte Carlo procedure is customary to generate a model output. To be compliant with the directive, validation of the internal risk model is conducted on the basis of the model output. For this purpose, we suggest a new test for checking whether there is a significant change in the modeled solvency capital requirement. Asymptotic properties of the test statistic are investigated and a bootstrap approximation is justified. A simulation study investigates the performance of the test in the finite sample case and confirms the theoretical results. The internal risk model and the application of the test is illustrated in a simplified example. The method has more general usage for inference of a broad class of law-invariant and coherent risk measures on the basis of a paired sample. KW - Bootstrap KW - Empirical process KW - Functional Delta Method KW - Hadamard differentiability KW - Paired sample Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/asb.2021.20 SN - 1783-1350 VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 813 EP - 837 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - Hoeffding-Blum-Kiefer-Rosenblatt independence test statistic on partly not identically distributed data JF - Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods N2 - The established Hoeffding-Blum-Kiefer-Rosenblatt independence test statistic is investigated for partly not identically distributed data. Surprisingly, it turns out that the statistic has the well-known distribution-free limiting null distribution of the classical criterion under standard regularity conditions. An application is testing goodness-of-fit for the regression function in a non parametric random effects meta-regression model, where the consistency is obtained as well. Simulations investigate size and power of the approach for small and moderate sample sizes. A real data example based on clinical trials illustrates how the test can be used in applications. KW - Brownian Pillow KW - Hoeffding-Blum-Kiefer-Rosenblatt independence test KW - not identically distributed KW - random effects meta-regression model Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2020.1805767 SN - 1532-415X VL - 51 IS - 12 SP - 4006 EP - 4028 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morandi, Paolo A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Breis, Khaled A1 - Beyer, Katrin A1 - Magenes, Guido ED - Ansal, Atilla T1 - Latest findings on the behaviour factor q for the seismic design of URM buildings JF - Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering N2 - Recent earthquakes as the 2012 Emilia earthquake sequence showed that recently built unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings behaved much better than expected and sustained, despite the maximum PGA values ranged between 0.20–0.30 g, either minor damage or structural damage that is deemed repairable. Especially low-rise residential and commercial masonry buildings with a code-conforming seismic design and detailing behaved in general very well without substantial damages. The low damage grades of modern masonry buildings that was observed during this earthquake series highlighted again that codified design procedures based on linear analysis can be rather conservative. Although advances in simulation tools make nonlinear calculation methods more readily accessible to designers, linear analyses will still be the standard design method for years to come. The present paper aims to improve the linear seismic design method by providing a proper definition of the q-factor of URM buildings. These q-factors are derived for low-rise URM buildings with rigid diaphragms which represent recent construction practise in low to moderate seismic areas of Italy and Germany. The behaviour factor components for deformation and energy dissipation capacity and for overstrength due to the redistribution of forces are derived by means of pushover analyses. Furthermore, considerations on the behaviour factor component due to other sources of overstrength in masonry buildings are presented. As a result of the investigations, rationally based values of the behaviour factor q to be used in linear analyses in the range of 2.0–3.0 are proposed. KW - Unreinforced masonry buildings KW - Modern constructions KW - Seismic design KW - Linear elastic analysis KW - Behaviour factor q Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01419-7 SN - 1573-1456 SN - 1570-761X VL - 20 IS - 11 SP - 5797 EP - 5848 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Topcu, Murat A1 - Madabhushi, Gopal Santana Phani A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - Datasets from FEM Simulations done with COMSOL Multiphysics and Code_Aster N2 - Datasets from FEM Simulations done with COMSOL Multiphysics and Code_Aster for an elastic stress transfer between matrix and fibres having a variable radius. KW - Natural fibres KW - Polymer-matrix composites KW - Biocomposites KW - Stress concentrations KW - Finite element analysis (FEA) Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19333295.v2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šakić, Bogdan A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Klinkel, Sven ED - Yang, J. T1 - Influence of slab deflection on the out-of-plane capacity of unreinforced masonry partition walls JF - Engineering Structures N2 - Severe damage of non-structural elements is noticed in previous earthquakes, causing high economic losses and posing a life threat for the people. Masonry partition walls are one of the most commonly used non-structural elements. Therefore, their behaviour under earthquake loading in out-of-plane (OOP) direction is investigated by several researches in the past years. However, none of the existing experimental campaigns or analytical approaches consider the influence of prior slab deflection on OOP response of partition walls. Moreover, none of the existing construction techniques for the connection of partition walls with surrounding reinforced concrete (RC) is investigated for the combined slab deflection and OOP loading. However, the inevitable time-dependent behaviour of RC slabs leads to high values of final slab deflections which can further influence boundary conditions of partition walls. Therefore, a comprehensive study on the influence of slab deflection on the OOP capacity of masonry partitions is conducted. In the first step, experimental tests are carried out. Results of experimental tests are further used for the calibration of the numerical model employed for a parametric study. Based on the results, behaviour under combined loading for different construction techniques is explained. The results show that slab deflection leads either to severe damage or to a high reduction of OOP capacity. Existing practical solutions do not account for these effects. In this contribution, recommendations to overcome the problems of combined slab deflection and OOP loading on masonry partition walls are given. Possible interaction of in-plane (IP) loading, with the combined slab deflection and OOP loading on partition walls, is not investigated in this study. KW - Masonry partition walls KW - Earthquake KW - Out-of-plane capacity KW - Slab deflection Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115342 SN - 0141-0296 VL - 276 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Welden, Rene A1 - Jablonski, Melanie A1 - Wege, Christina A1 - Keusgen, Michael A1 - Wagner, Patrick Hermann A1 - Wagner, Torsten A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Light-Addressable Actuator-Sensor Platform for Monitoring and Manipulation of pH Gradients in Microfluidics: A Case Study with the Enzyme Penicillinase JF - Biosensors N2 - The feasibility of light-addressed detection and manipulation of pH gradients inside an electrochemical microfluidic cell was studied. Local pH changes, induced by a light-addressable electrode (LAE), were detected using a light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) with different measurement modes representing an actuator-sensor system. Biosensor functionality was examined depending on locally induced pH gradients with the help of the model enzyme penicillinase, which had been immobilized in the microfluidic channel. The surface morphology of the LAE and enzyme-functionalized LAPS was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the penicillin sensitivity of the LAPS inside the microfluidic channel was determined with regard to the analyte’s pH influence on the enzymatic reaction rate. In a final experiment, the LAE-controlled pH inhibition of the enzyme activity was monitored by the LAPS. KW - microfluidics KW - enzyme kinetics KW - actuator-sensor system KW - light-addressable electrode KW - light-addressable potentiometric sensor Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11060171 SN - 2079-6374 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Selected Papers from the 1st International Electronic Conference on Biosensors (IECB 2020)" VL - 11 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Taddei, Francesca A1 - Lozana, Lara A1 - Michel, Philipp A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Klinkel, Sven ED - Papadrakakis, Manolis ED - Papadrakakis, M. ED - Papadopoulos, V. ED - Plevris, V. T1 - Practical recommendations for the foundation design of onshore wind turbines including soil-structure interaction T2 - 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural , Hersonissos, Greece Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, COMPDYN 2015, 25.05.2015-27.05.2015, Hersonissos, Greece. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Pavese, Alberto A1 - Lanese, Igor A1 - Hoffmeister, Benno A1 - Pinkawa, Marius A1 - Vulcu, Mihai-Cristian A1 - Bursi, Oreste A1 - Nardin, Chiara A1 - Paolacci, Fabrizio A1 - Quinci, Gianluca A1 - Fragiadakis, Michalis A1 - Weber, Felix A1 - Huber, Peter A1 - Renault, Philippe A1 - Gündel, Max A1 - Dyke, Shirley A1 - Ciucci, M. A1 - Marino, A. T1 - Seismic performance of multi-component systems in special risk industrial facilities T2 - Proceedings of the seventeenth world conference on earthquake engineering N2 - Past earthquakes demonstrated the high vulnerability of industrial facilities equipped with complex process technologies leading to serious damage of the process equipment and multiple and simultaneous release of hazardous substances in industrial facilities. Nevertheless, the design of industrial plants is inadequately described in recent codes and guidelines, as they do not consider the dynamic interaction between the structure and the installations and thus the effect of seismic response of the installations on the response of the structure and vice versa. The current code-based approach for the seismic design of industrial facilities is considered not enough for ensure proper safety conditions against exceptional event entailing loss of content and related consequences. Accordingly, SPIF project (Seismic Performance of Multi- Component Systems in Special Risk Industrial Facilities) was proposed within the framework of the European H2020 - SERA funding scheme (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe). The objective of the SPIF project is the investigation of the seismic behavior of a representative industrial structure equipped with complex process technology by means of shaking table tests. The test structure is a three-story moment resisting steel frame with vertical and horizontal vessels and cabinets, arranged on the three levels and connected by pipes. The dynamic behavior of the test structure and installations is investigated with and without base isolation. Furthermore, both firmly anchored and isolated components are taken into account to compare their dynamic behavior and interactions with each other. Artificial and synthetic ground motions are applied to study the seismic response at different PGA levels. After each test, dynamic identification measurements are carried out to characterize the system condition. The contribution presents the numerical simulations to calibrate the tests on the prototype, the experimental setup of the investigated structure and installations, selected measurement data and finally describes preliminary experimental results. KW - industrial facilities KW - piping KW - installations KW - seismic loading KW - earthquakes Y1 - 2021 N1 - 17. World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 17WCEE, Sendai, Japan, 2021-09-27 - 2021-10-02 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Laack, Walter van T1 - Greater Than the Entire Universe Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-936624-52-6 PB - van Laack GmbH CY - Aachen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Bronder, Thomas A1 - Wu, Chunsheng A1 - Scheja, Sabrina A1 - Jessing, Max A1 - Metzger-Boddien, Christoph A1 - Keusgen, Michael A1 - Poghossian, Arshak T1 - Label-Free DNA Detection with Capacitive Field-Effect Devices—Challenges and Opportunities JF - Proceedings N2 - Field-effect EIS (electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor) sensors modified with a positively charged weak polyelectrolyte layer have been applied for the electrical detection of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) immobilization and hybridization by the intrinsic molecular charge. The EIS sensors are able to detect the existence of target DNA amplicons in PCR (polymerase chain reaction) samples and thus, can be used as tool for a quick verification of DNA amplification and the successful PCR process. Due to their miniaturized setup, compatibility with advanced micro- and nanotechnologies, and ability to detect biomolecules by their intrinsic molecular charge, those sensors can serve as possible platform for the development of label-free DNA chips. Possible application fields as well as challenges and limitations will be discussed. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings1080719 SN - 2504-3900 N1 - This article belongs to the Proceedings of "Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Sensor Science (I3S 2017)" VL - 1 IS - 8 SP - Artikel 719 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - Testing marginal homogeneity of a continuous bivariate distribution with possibly incomplete paired data JF - Metrika N2 - We discuss the testing problem of homogeneity of the marginal distributions of a continuous bivariate distribution based on a paired sample with possibly missing components (missing completely at random). Applying the well-known two-sample Crámer–von-Mises distance to the remaining data, we determine the limiting null distribution of our test statistic in this situation. It is seen that a new resampling approach is appropriate for the approximation of the unknown null distribution. We prove that the resulting test asymptotically reaches the significance level and is consistent. Properties of the test under local alternatives are pointed out as well. Simulations investigate the quality of the approximation and the power of the new approach in the finite sample case. As an illustration we apply the test to real data sets. KW - Marginal homogeneity test KW - Crámer–von-Mises distance KW - Paired sample KW - Incomplete data KW - Resampling test Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00184-019-00742-5 SN - 1435-926X VL - 2020 IS - 83 SP - 437 EP - 465 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - Rothman–Woodroofe symmetry test statistic revisited JF - Computational Statistics & Data Analysis N2 - The Rothman–Woodroofe symmetry test statistic is revisited on the basis of independent but not necessarily identically distributed random variables. The distribution-freeness if the underlying distributions are all symmetric and continuous is obtained. The results are applied for testing symmetry in a meta-analysis random effects model. The consistency of the procedure is discussed in this situation as well. A comparison with an alternative proposal from the literature is conducted via simulations. Real data are analyzed to demonstrate how the new approach works in practice. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2019.106837 SN - 0167-9473 VL - 2020 IS - 142 SP - Artikel 106837 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baringhaus, Ludwig A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - On an asymptotic relative efficiency concept based on expected volumes of confidence regions JF - Statistics - A Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistic N2 - The paper deals with an asymptotic relative efficiency concept for confidence regions of multidimensional parameters that is based on the expected volumes of the confidence regions. Under standard conditions the asymptotic relative efficiencies of confidence regions are seen to be certain powers of the ratio of the limits of the expected volumes. These limits are explicitly derived for confidence regions associated with certain plugin estimators, likelihood ratio tests and Wald tests. Under regularity conditions, the asymptotic relative efficiency of each of these procedures with respect to each one of its competitors is equal to 1. The results are applied to multivariate normal distributions and multinomial distributions in a fairly general setting. KW - Volume of confidence regions KW - asymptotic relative efficiency KW - likelihood ratio test KW - multivariate normal distribution KW - multinomial distribution Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02331888.2019.1683560 SN - 1029-4910 VL - 53 IS - 6 SP - 1396 EP - 1436 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - On a new approach to the multi-sample goodness-of-fit problem JF - Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation N2 - Suppose we have k samples X₁,₁,…,X₁,ₙ₁,…,Xₖ,₁,…,Xₖ,ₙₖ with different sample sizes ₙ₁,…,ₙₖ and unknown underlying distribution functions F₁,…,Fₖ as observations plus k families of distribution functions {G₁(⋅,ϑ);ϑ∈Θ},…,{Gₖ(⋅,ϑ);ϑ∈Θ}, each indexed by elements ϑ from the same parameter set Θ, we consider the new goodness-of-fit problem whether or not (F₁,…,Fₖ) belongs to the parametric family {(G₁(⋅,ϑ),…,Gₖ(⋅,ϑ));ϑ∈Θ}. New test statistics are presented and a parametric bootstrap procedure for the approximation of the unknown null distributions is discussed. Under regularity assumptions, it is proved that the approximation works asymptotically, and the limiting distributions of the test statistics in the null hypothesis case are determined. Simulation studies investigate the quality of the new approach for small and moderate sample sizes. Applications to real-data sets illustrate how the idea can be used for verifying model assumptions. KW - Goodness-of-fit test KW - Multi-sample problem KW - Parametric bootstrap Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2019.1618472 SN - 1532-4141 VL - 53 IS - 10 SP - 2971 EP - 2989 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ditzhaus, Marc A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - A consistent goodness-of-fit test for huge dimensional and functional data JF - Journal of Nonparametric Statistics N2 - A nonparametric goodness-of-fit test for random variables with values in a separable Hilbert space is investigated. To verify the null hypothesis that the data come from a specific distribution, an integral type test based on a Cramér-von-Mises statistic is suggested. The convergence in distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis is proved and the test's consistency is concluded. Moreover, properties under local alternatives are discussed. Applications are given for data of huge but finite dimension and for functional data in infinite dimensional spaces. A general approach enables the treatment of incomplete data. In simulation studies the test competes with alternative proposals. KW - Cramér-von-Mises statistic KW - separable Hilbert space KW - huge dimensional data KW - functional data Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10485252.2018.1486402 SN - 1029-0311 VL - 30 IS - 4 SP - 834 EP - 859 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baringhaus, Ludwig A1 - Gaigall, Daniel A1 - Thiele, Jan Philipp T1 - Statistical inference for L²-distances to uniformity JF - Computational Statistics N2 - The paper deals with the asymptotic behaviour of estimators, statistical tests and confidence intervals for L²-distances to uniformity based on the empirical distribution function, the integrated empirical distribution function and the integrated empirical survival function. Approximations of power functions, confidence intervals for the L²-distances and statistical neighbourhood-of-uniformity validation tests are obtained as main applications. The finite sample behaviour of the procedures is illustrated by a simulation study. KW - Integrated empirical distribution (survival) function KW - Goodness-of-fit tests for uniformity KW - Numerical inversion of Laplace transforms KW - Coverage probability KW - Equivalence test Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-018-0820-0 SN - 1613-9658 VL - 2018 IS - 33 SP - 1863 EP - 1896 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baringhaus, Ludwig A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - On Hotelling’s T² test in a special paired sample case JF - Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods N2 - In a special paired sample case, Hotelling’s T² test based on the differences of the paired random vectors is the likelihood ratio test for testing the hypothesis that the paired random vectors have the same mean; with respect to a special group of affine linear transformations it is the uniformly most powerful invariant test for the general alternative of a difference in mean. We present an elementary straightforward proof of this result. The likelihood ratio test for testing the hypothesis that the covariance structure is of the assumed special form is derived and discussed. Applications to real data are given. KW - complete block symmetry KW - Hotelling’s T² test KW - likelihood ratio test KW - uniformly most powerful invariant test Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2017.1408828 SN - 1532-415X VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 257 EP - 267 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baringhaus, Ludwig A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - Hotelling’s T² tests in paired and independent survey samples: An efficiency comparison JF - Journal of Multivariate Analysis N2 - Hotelling’s T² tests in paired and independent survey samples are compared using the traditional asymptotic efficiency concepts of Hodges–Lehmann, Bahadur and Pitman, as well as through criteria based on the volumes of corresponding confidence regions. Conditions characterizing the superiority of a procedure are given in terms of population canonical correlation type coefficients. Statistical tests for checking these conditions are developed. Test statistics based on the eigenvalues of a symmetrized sample cross-covariance matrix are suggested, as well as test statistics based on sample canonical correlation type coefficients. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2016.11.004 SN - 0047-259X VL - 2017 IS - 154 SP - 177 EP - 198 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dickhoff, Jens A1 - Horikawa, Atsushi A1 - Funke, Harald T1 - Hydrogen Combustion - new DLE Combustor Addresses NOx Emissions and Flashback JF - Turbomachinery international : the global journal of energy equipment Y1 - 2021 SN - 2767-2328 SN - 0149-4147 VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 26 EP - 27 PB - MJH Life Sciences CY - Cranbury ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thoma, Andreas A1 - Stiemer, Luc A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Fisher, Alex A1 - Gardi, Alessandro G. T1 - Potential of hybrid neural network local path planner for small UAV in urban environments T2 - AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum N2 - This work proposes a hybrid algorithm combining an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with a conventional local path planner to navigate UAVs efficiently in various unknown urban environments. The proposed method of a Hybrid Artificial Neural Network Avoidance System is called HANNAS. The ANN analyses a video stream and classifies the current environment. This information about the current Environment is used to set several control parameters of a conventional local path planner, the 3DVFH*. The local path planner then plans the path toward a specific goal point based on distance data from a depth camera. We trained and tested a state-of-the-art image segmentation algorithm, PP-LiteSeg. The proposed HANNAS method reaches a failure probability of 17%, which is less than half the failure probability of the baseline and around half the failure probability of an improved, bio-inspired version of the 3DVFH*. The proposed HANNAS method does not show any disadvantages regarding flight time or flight distance. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2359 N1 - AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum, 23-27 January 2023, National Harbor, Md & Online PB - AIAA CY - Reston, Va. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Chircu, Alina A1 - Czarnecki, Christian A1 - Friedmann, Daniel A1 - Pomaskow, Johanna A1 - Sultanow, Eldar T1 - Towards a Digital Twin of Society T2 - Proceedings of the 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2023 N2 - This paper describes the potential for developing a digital twin of society- a dynamic model that can be used to observe, analyze, and predict the evolution of various societal aspects. Such a digital twin can help governmental agencies and policy makers in interpreting trends, understanding challenges, and making decisions regarding investments or policies necessary to support societal development and ensure future prosperity. The paper reviews related work regarding the digital twin paradigm and its applications. The paper presents a motivating case study- an analysis of opportunities and challenges faced by the German federal employment agency, Bundesagentur f¨ur Arbeit (BA), proposes solutions using digital twins, and describes initial proofs of concept for such solutions. KW - Digital twin KW - Digital transformation KW - Prototype KW - Society KW - Stress testing Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-0-9981331-6-4 N1 - 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2023, Maui, Hawaii, USA, January 3-6, 2023 SP - 6748 EP - 6757 PB - University of Hawai'i CY - Honolulu ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gorzalka, Philip A1 - Schmiedt, Jacob Estevam A1 - Schorn, Christian T1 - Automated Generation of an Energy Simulation Model for an Existing Building from UAV Imagery JF - Buildings N2 - An approach to automatically generate a dynamic energy simulation model in Modelica for a single existing building is presented. It aims at collecting data about the status quo in the preparation of energy retrofits with low effort and costs. The proposed method starts from a polygon model of the outer building envelope obtained from photogrammetrically generated point clouds. The open-source tools TEASER and AixLib are used for data enrichment and model generation. A case study was conducted on a single-family house. The resulting model can accurately reproduce the internal air temperatures during synthetical heating up and cooling down. Modelled and measured whole building heat transfer coefficients (HTC) agree within a 12% range. A sensitivity analysis emphasises the importance of accurate window characterisations and justifies the use of a very simplified interior geometry. Uncertainties arising from the use of archetype U-values are estimated by comparing different typologies, with best- and worst-case estimates showing differences in pre-retrofit heat demand of about ±20% to the average; however, as the assumptions made are permitted by some national standards, the method is already close to practical applicability and opens up a path to quickly estimate possible financial and energy savings after refurbishment. KW - Modelica KW - heat transfer coefficient KW - heat demand KW - building energy modelling KW - building energy simulation Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090380 SN - 2075-5309 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Application of Computer Technology in Buildings" VL - 11 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaigall, Daniel ED - AitSahlia, Farid T1 - Allocating and forecasting changes in risk JF - Journal of risk N2 - We consider time-dependent portfolios and discuss the allocation of changes in the risk of a portfolio to changes in the portfolio’s components. For this purpose we adopt established allocation principles. We also use our approach to obtain forecasts for changes in the risk of the portfolio’s components. To put the approach into practice we present an implementation based on the output of a simulation. Allocation is illustrated with an example portfolio in the context of Solvency II. The quality of the forecasts is investigated with an empirical study. KW - portfolio risk KW - allocation KW - forecast KW - covariance principle KW - conditional expectation principle Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21314/JOR.2022.048 SN - 1755-2842 SN - 1465-1211 VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 24 PB - Infopro Digital Risk CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tran, Ngoc Trinh A1 - Trinh, Tu Luc A1 - Dao, Ngoc Tien A1 - Giap, Van Tan A1 - Truong, Manh Khuyen A1 - Dinh, Thuy Ha A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - Limit and shakedown analysis of structures under random strength T2 - Proceedings of (NACOME2022) The 11th National Conference on Mechanics, Vol. 1. Solid Mechanics, Rock Mechanics, Artificial Intelligence, Teaching and Training N2 - Direct methods comprising limit and shakedown analysis is a branch of computational mechanics. It plays a significant role in mechanical and civil engineering design. The concept of direct method aims to determinate the ultimate load bearing capacity of structures beyond the elastic range. For practical problems, the direct methods lead to nonlinear convex optimization problems with a large number of variables and onstraints. If strength and loading are random quantities, the problem of shakedown analysis is considered as stochastic programming. This paper presents a method so called chance constrained programming, an effective method of stochastic programming, to solve shakedown analysis problem under random condition of strength. In this our investigation, the loading is deterministic, the strength is distributed as normal or lognormal variables. KW - Reliability of structures KW - Stochastic programming KW - Chance constrained programming KW - Shakedown analysis KW - Limit analysis Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-604-357-084-7 N1 - 11th National Conference on Mechanics (NACOME 2022), December 2-3, 2022, VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam SP - 510 EP - 518 PB - Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc tu nhien va Cong nghe (Verlag Naturwissenschaft und Technik) CY - Hanoi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - On the applicability of several tests to models with not identically distributed random effects JF - Statistics : A Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics N2 - We consider Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Cramér–von-Mises type tests for testing central symmetry, exchangeability, and independence. In the standard case, the tests are intended for the application to independent and identically distributed data with unknown distribution. The tests are available for multivariate data and bootstrap procedures are suitable to obtain critical values. We discuss the applicability of the tests to random effects models, where the random effects are independent but not necessarily identically distributed and with possibly unknown distributions. Theoretical results show the adequacy of the tests in this situation. The quality of the tests in models with random effects is investigated by simulations. Empirical results obtained confirm the theoretical findings. A real data example illustrates the application. KW - central symmetry test KW - exchangeability test KW - independence test KW - random effects KW - not identically distributed Y1 - 2023 SN - 0323-3944 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02331888.2023.2193748 SN - 1029-4910 VL - 57 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wiegner, J. A1 - Volker, H. A1 - Mainz, F. A1 - Backes, A. A1 - Löken, M. A1 - Hüning, Felix T1 - Wiegand-Effect-Powered Wireless IT Sensor Node N2 - With the growing interest in small distributed sensors for the “Internet of Things”, more attention is being paid to energy harvesting techologies. Reducing or eliminating the need for external power sources or batteries make devices more self-sufficient, more reliable, and reduces maintenance requirements. The Wiegand effect is a proven technology for harvesting small amounts of electrical power from mechanical motion. Y1 - 2022 N1 - PSMA International Energy Harvesting Workshop ~ 5-7 April 2022, Raleigh, NC, USA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyer, Jörg A1 - Esch, Thomas T1 - Simulation Tool for Predictive Control Strategies for an ORCSystem in Heavy Duty Vehicles T2 - European GT Conference 2017 N2 - Scientific questions - How can a non-stationary heat offering in the commercial vehicle be used to reduce fuel consumption? - Which potentials offer route and environmental information among with predicted speed and load trajectories to increase the efficiency of a ORC-System? Methods - Desktop bound holistic simulation model for a heavy duty truck incl. an ORC System - Prediction of massflows, temperatures and mixture quality (AFR) of exhaust gas Y1 - 2017 N1 - European GT Conference 2017, 9.-10. Oktober 2017, Frankfurt a.M. ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Roosen, Petra T1 - SIoBiA – Safety Implications of Biofuels in Aviation N2 - Biofuels potentially interesting also for aviation purposes are predominantly liquid fuels produced from biomass. The most common biofuels today are biodiesel and bioethanol. Since diesel engines are rather rare in aviation this survey is focusing on ethanol admixed to gasoline products. The Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of May 8th 2003 on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport encourage a growing admixture of biogenic fuel components to fossil automotive gasoline. Some aircraft models equipped with spark ignited piston engines are approved for operation with automotive gasoline, frequently called “MOGAS” (motor gasoline). The majority of those approvals is limited to MOGAS compositions that do not contain methanol or ethanol beyond negligible amounts. In the past years (bio-)MTBE or (bio-)ETBE have been widely used as blending component of automotive gasoline whilst the usage of low-molecular alcohols like methanol or ethanol has been avoided due to the handling problems especially with regard to the strong affinity for water. With rising mandatory bio-admixtures the conversion of the basic biogenic ethanol to ETBE, causing a reduction of energetic payoff, becomes more and more unattractive. Therefore the direct ethanol admixture is accordingly favoured. Due to the national enforcements of the directive 2003/30/EC more oxygenates produced from organic materials like bioethanol have started to appear in automotive gasolines already. The current fuel specification EN 228 already allows up to 3 % volume per volume (v/v) (bio-)methanol or up to 5 % v/v (bio-)ethanol as fuel components. This is also roughly the amount of biogenic components to comply with the legal requirements to avoid monetary penalties for producers and distributors of fuels. Since automotive fuel is cheaper than the common aviation gasoline (AVGAS), creates less problems with lead deposits in the engine, and in general produces less pollutants it is strongly favoured by pilots. But being designed for a different set of usage scenarios the use of automotive fuel with low molecular alcohols for aircraft operation may have adverse effects in aviation operation. Increasing amounts of ethanol admixtures impose various changes in the gasoline’s chemical and physical properties, some of them rather unexpected and not within the range of flight experiences even of long-term pilots. Y1 - 2010 N1 - Analysis of the safety implications of the use of biofuels (ethanol admixture) for piston engines and general aviation aircraft and assessment of potential environmental benefits. PB - EASA CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esch, Thomas T1 - Trends in commercial vehicle powertrains JF - ATZautotechnology N2 - Low emission zones and truck bans, the rising price of diesel and increases in road tolls: all of these factors are putting serious pressure on the transport industry. Commercial vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers are in the process of identifying new solutions to these challenges as part of their efforts to meet the EEV (enhanced environmentally friendly vehicle) limits, which are currently the most robust European exhaust and emissions standards for trucks and buses. KW - European Transient Cycle KW - Common Rail Injection System KW - Commercial Vehicle KW - Selective Catalytic Reduction KW - Diesel Engine Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03247185 SN - 2192-886X VL - 2010 IS - 10 SP - 26 EP - 31 PB - Vieweg & Sohn CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kemper, Hans A1 - Hellenbroich, Gereon A1 - Esch, Thomas T1 - Concept of an innovative passenger-car hybrid drive for European driving conditions T2 - Hybrid vehicles and energy management : 6th symposium ; 18th and 19th February 2009, Stadthalle Braunschweig N2 - The downsizing of spark ignition engines in conjunction with turbocharging is considered to be a promising method for reducing CO₂ emissions. Using this concept, FEV has developed a new, highly efficient drivetrain to demonstrate fuel consumption reduction and drivability in a vehicle based on the Ford Focus ST. The newly designed 1.8L turbocharged gasoline engine incorporates infinitely variable intake and outlet control timing and direct fuel injection utilizing piezo injectors centrally located. In addition, this engine uses a prototype FEV engine control system, with software that was developed and adapted entirely by FEV. The vehicle features a 160 kW engine with a maximum mean effective pressure of 22.4 bar and 34 % savings in simulated fuel consumption. During the first stage, a new electrohydraulically actuated hybrid transmission with seven forward gears and one reverse gear and a single dry starting clutch will be integrated. The electric motor of the hybrid is directly connected to the gear set of the transmission. Utilizing the special gear set layout, the electric motor can provide boost during a change of gears, so that there is no interruption in traction. Therefore, the transmission system combines the advantages of a double clutch controlled gear change (gear change without an interruption in traction) with the efficient, cost-effective design of an automated manual transmission system. Additionally, the transmission provides a purely electric drive system and the operation of an air-conditioning compressor during the engine stop phases. One other alternative is through the use of CAI (Controlled Auto Ignition), which incorporates a process developed by FEV for controlled compression ignition. Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-937655-20-8 SP - 264 EP - 287 PB - Gesamtzentrum für Verkehr (GZVB) CY - Braunschweig ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Roosen, Peter ED - Bartz, Wilfried J. T1 - Using motor gasoline for aircrafts - coping with growing bio-fuel-caused risks by understanding cause-effect relationship T2 - Fuels 2009 : mineral oil based and alternative fuels ; 7th international colloquium ; January 14 - 15, 2009 N2 - The utilisation of vehicle-oriented gasoline in general aviation is very desirable for both ecological and economical reasons, as well as for general considerations of availability. As of today vehicle fuels may be used if the respective engine and cell are certified for such an operation. For older planes a supplementary technical certificate is provided for gasoline mixtures with less than 1 % v/v ethanol only, though. Larger admixtures of ethanol may lead to sudden engine malfunction and should be considered as considerable security risks. Major problems are caused by the partially ethanol non-withstanding materials, a necessarily changed stochiometric adjustment of the engine for varying ethanol shares and the tendency for phase separation in the presence of absorbed water. The concepts of the flexible fuel vehicles are only partially applicable in the view of air security. Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-924813-75-8 SP - 237 EP - 244 PB - Technische Akademie Esslingen (TAE) CY - Ostfildern ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altherr, Lena A1 - Conzen, Max A1 - Elsen, Ingo A1 - Frauenrath, Tobias A1 - Lyrmann, Andreas ED - Reiff-Stephan, Jörg ED - Jäkel, Jens ED - Schwarz, André T1 - Sensor retrofitting of existing buildings in an interdisciplinary teaching project at university level T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2023 : mit Automatisierung gegen den Klimawandel N2 - Existing residential buildings have an average lifetime of 100 years. Many of these buildings will exist for at least another 50 years. To increase the efficiency of these buildings while keeping costs at reasonable rates, they can be retrofitted with sensors that deliver information to central control units for heating, ventilation and electricity. This retrofitting process should happen with minimal intervention into existing infrastructure and requires new approaches for sensor design and data transmission. At FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, students of different disciplines work together to learn how to design, build, deploy and operate such sensors. The presented teaching project already created a low power design for a combined CO2, temperature and humidity measurement device that can be easily integrated into most home automation systems KW - Building Automation KW - Smart Building KW - CO2 KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - Education Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-910103-01-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.33968/2023.04 N1 - 19. AALE-Konferenz. Luxemburg, 08.03.-10.03.2023. BTS Connected Buildings & Cities Luxemburg (Tagungsband unter https://doi.org/10.33968/2023.01) SP - 31 EP - 40 PB - le-tex publishing services GmbH CY - Leipzig ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maurer, Florian T1 - Framework to provide a simulative comparison of different energy market designs T2 - Energy Informatics N2 - Useful market simulations are key to the evaluation of diferent market designs existing of multiple market mechanisms or rules. Yet a simulation framework which has a comparison of diferent market mechanisms in mind was not found. The need to create an objective view on different sets of market rules while investigating meaningful agent strategies concludes that such a simulation framework is needed to advance the research on this subject. An overview of diferent existing market simulation models is given which also shows the research gap and the missing capabilities of those systems. Finally, a methodology is outlined how a novel market simulation which can answer the research questions can be developed. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-022-00215-6 SN - 2520-8942 N1 - 11th DACH+ Conference on Energy Informatics, 15-16 September 2022, Freiburg, Germany VL - 5 IS - 2, Article number: 12 SP - 18 EP - 20 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dey, Thomas A1 - Elsen, Ingo A1 - Ferrein, Alexander A1 - Frauenrath, Tobias A1 - Reke, Michael A1 - Schiffer, Stefan ED - Makedon, Fillia T1 - CO2 Meter: a do-it-yourself carbon dioxide measuring device for the classroom T2 - PETRA '21: Proceedings of the 14th Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference N2 - In this paper we report on CO2 Meter, a do-it-yourself carbon dioxide measuring device for the classroom. Part of the current measures for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is proper ventilation in indoor settings. This is especially important in schools with students coming back to the classroom even with high incidents rates. Static ventilation patterns do not consider the individual situation for a particular class. Influencing factors like the type of activity, the physical structure or the room occupancy are not incorporated. Also, existing devices are rather expensive and often provide only limited information and only locally without any networking. This leaves the potential of analysing the situation across different settings untapped. Carbon dioxide level can be used as an indicator of air quality, in general, and of aerosol load in particular. Since, according to the latest findings, SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted primarily in the form of aerosols, carbon dioxide may be used as a proxy for the risk of a virus infection. Hence, schools could improve the indoor air quality and potentially reduce the infection risk if they actually had measuring devices available in the classroom. Our device supports schools in ventilation and it allows for collecting data over the Internet to enable a detailed data analysis and model generation. First deployments in schools at different levels were received very positively. A pilot installation with a larger data collection and analysis is underway. KW - embedded hardware KW - sensor networks KW - information systems KW - education KW - do-it-yourself Y1 - 2021 SN - 9781450387927 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3453892.3462697 N1 - PETRA '21: The 14th PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference Corfu Greece 29 June 2021- 2 July 2021 SP - 292 EP - 299 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elsen, Ingo A1 - Hartung, Frank A1 - Horn, Uwe A1 - Kampmann, Markus A1 - Peters, Liliane ED - Voas, Jeffrey T1 - Streaming technology in 3G mobile communication systems JF - Computer : innovative technology for computer professionals N2 - Third-generation mobile communication systems will combine standardized streaming with a range of unique services to provide high-quality Internet content that meets the specific needs of the rapidly growing mobile market. Y1 - 2001 SN - 0018-9162 SN - 1558-0814 VL - 34 IS - 9 Seiten SP - 46 EP - 52 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Roosen, Petra T1 - Powertrain Adaptions for LPG Usage in General Aviation JF - MTZ worldwide N2 - In general aviation, too, it is desirable to be able to operate existing internal combustion engines with fuels that produce less CO₂ than Avgas 100LL being widely used today It can be assumed that, in comparison, the fuels CNG, LPG or LNG, which are gaseous under normal conditions, produce significantly lower emissions. Necessary propulsion system adaptations were investigated as part of a research project at Aachen University of Applied Sciences. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s38313-021-0756-6 VL - 2022 IS - 83 SP - 58 EP - 62 PB - Springer Nature CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peere, Wouter A1 - Blanke, Tobias ED - Vernon, Chris T1 - GHEtool: An open-source tool for borefield sizing in Python JF - Journal of Open Source Software N2 - GHEtool is a Python package that contains all the functionalities needed to deal with borefield design. It is developed for both researchers and practitioners. The core of this package is the automated sizing of borefield under different conditions. The sizing of a borefield is typically slow due to the high complexity of the mathematical background. Because this tool has a lot of precalculated data, GHEtool can size a borefield in the order of tenths of milliseconds. This sizing typically takes the order of minutes. Therefore, this tool is suited for being implemented in typical workflows where iterations are required. GHEtool also comes with a graphical user interface (GUI). This GUI is prebuilt as an exe-file because this provides access to all the functionalities without coding. A setup to install the GUI at the user-defined place is also implemented and available at: https://www.mech.kuleuven.be/en/tme/research/thermal_systems/tools/ghetool. KW - geothermal KW - energy KW - borefields KW - sizing Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.04406 SN - 2475-9066 VL - 7 IS - 76 SP - 1 EP - 4, 4406 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Blanke, Tobias A1 - Schmidt, Katharina S. A1 - Göttsche, Joachim A1 - Döring, Bernd A1 - Frisch, Jérôme A1 - van Treeck, Christoph ED - Weidlich, Anke ED - Neumann, Dirk ED - Gust, Gunther ED - Staudt, Philipp ED - Schäfer, Mirko T1 - Time series aggregation for energy system design: review and extension of modelling seasonal storages T2 - Energy Informatics N2 - Using optimization to design a renewable energy system has become a computationally demanding task as the high temporal fluctuations of demand and supply arise within the considered time series. The aggregation of typical operation periods has become a popular method to reduce effort. These operation periods are modelled independently and cannot interact in most cases. Consequently, seasonal storage is not reproducible. This inability can lead to a significant error, especially for energy systems with a high share of fluctuating renewable energy. The previous paper, “Time series aggregation for energy system design: Modeling seasonal storage”, has developed a seasonal storage model to address this issue. Simultaneously, the paper “Optimal design of multi-energy systems with seasonal storage” has developed a different approach. This paper aims to review these models and extend the first model. The extension is a mathematical reformulation to decrease the number of variables and constraints. Furthermore, it aims to reduce the calculation time while achieving the same results. KW - Energy system KW - Renewable energy KW - Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) KW - Typical periods KW - Time-series aggregation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-022-00208-5 SN - 2520-8942 N1 - 11th DACH+ Conference on Energy Informatics, 15-16 September 2022, Freiburg, Germany VL - 5 IS - 1, Article number: 17 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaigall, Daniel A1 - Gerstenberg, Julian T1 - Cramér-von-Mises tests for the distribution of the excess over a confidence level JF - Journal of Nonparametric Statistics N2 - The Cramér-von-Mises distance is applied to the distribution of the excess over a confidence level. Asymptotics of related statistics are investigated, and it is seen that the obtained limit distributions differ from the classical ones. For that reason, quantiles of the new limit distributions are given and new bootstrap techniques for approximation purposes are introduced and justified. The results motivate new one-sample goodness-of-fit tests for the distribution of the excess over a confidence level and a new confidence interval for the related fitting error. Simulation studies investigate size and power of the tests as well as coverage probabilities of the confidence interval in the finite sample case. A practice-oriented application of the Cramér-von-Mises tests is the determination of an appropriate confidence level for the fitting approach. The adoption of the idea to the well-known problem of threshold detection in the context of peaks over threshold modelling is sketched and illustrated by data examples. KW - Cramér-von-Mises test KW - conditional excess distribution KW - confidence interval KW - goodness-of-fit test Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10485252.2023.2173958 SN - 1048-5252 (Print) SN - 1029-0311 (Online) PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liphardt, Anna-Maria A1 - Fernandez-Gonzalo, Rodrigo A1 - Albracht, Kirsten A1 - Rittweger, Jörn A1 - Vico, Laurence T1 - Musculoskeletal research in human space flight – unmet needs for the success of crewed deep space exploration JF - npj Microgravity N2 - Based on the European Space Agency (ESA) Science in Space Environment (SciSpacE) community White Paper “Human Physiology – Musculoskeletal system”, this perspective highlights unmet needs and suggests new avenues for future studies in musculoskeletal research to enable crewed exploration missions. The musculoskeletal system is essential for sustaining physical function and energy metabolism, and the maintenance of health during exploration missions, and consequently mission success, will be tightly linked to musculoskeletal function. Data collection from current space missions from pre-, during-, and post-flight periods would provide important information to understand and ultimately offset musculoskeletal alterations during long-term spaceflight. In addition, understanding the kinetics of the different components of the musculoskeletal system in parallel with a detailed description of the molecular mechanisms driving these alterations appears to be the best approach to address potential musculoskeletal problems that future exploratory-mission crew will face. These research efforts should be accompanied by technical advances in molecular and phenotypic monitoring tools to provide in-flight real-time feedback. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-023-00258-3 SN - 2373-8065 VL - 9 IS - Article number: 9 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ringers, Christa A1 - Bialonski, Stephan A1 - Ege, Mert A1 - Solovev, Anton A1 - Hansen, Jan Niklas A1 - Jeong, Inyoung A1 - Friedrich, Benjamin M. A1 - Jurisch-Yaksi, Nathalie T1 - Novel analytical tools reveal that local synchronization of cilia coincides with tissue-scale metachronal waves in zebrafish multiciliated epithelia JF - eLife N2 - Motile cilia are hair-like cell extensions that beat periodically to generate fluid flow along various epithelial tissues within the body. In dense multiciliated carpets, cilia were shown to exhibit a remarkable coordination of their beat in the form of traveling metachronal waves, a phenomenon which supposedly enhances fluid transport. Yet, how cilia coordinate their regular beat in multiciliated epithelia to move fluids remains insufficiently understood, particularly due to lack of rigorous quantification. We combine experiments, novel analysis tools, and theory to address this knowledge gap. To investigate collective dynamics of cilia, we studied zebrafish multiciliated epithelia in the nose and the brain. We focused mainly on the zebrafish nose, due to its conserved properties with other ciliated tissues and its superior accessibility for non-invasive imaging. We revealed that cilia are synchronized only locally and that the size of local synchronization domains increases with the viscosity of the surrounding medium. Even though synchronization is local only, we observed global patterns of traveling metachronal waves across the zebrafish multiciliated epithelium. Intriguingly, these global wave direction patterns are conserved across individual fish, but different for left and right noses, unveiling a chiral asymmetry of metachronal coordination. To understand the implications of synchronization for fluid pumping, we used a computational model of a regular array of cilia. We found that local metachronal synchronization prevents steric collisions, i.e., cilia colliding with each other, and improves fluid pumping in dense cilia carpets, but hardly affects the direction of fluid flow. In conclusion, we show that local synchronization together with tissue-scale cilia alignment coincide and generate metachronal wave patterns in multiciliated epithelia, which enhance their physiological function of fluid pumping. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.77701 SN - 2050-084X VL - 12 PB - eLife Sciences Publications ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bergmann, Ole A1 - Möhren, Felix A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Janser, Frank T1 - On the influence of elasticity on swept propeller noise JF - AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum N2 - High aerodynamic efficiency requires propellers with high aspect ratios, while propeller sweep potentially reduces noise. Propeller sweep and high aspect ratios increase elasticity and coupling of structural mechanics and aerodynamics, affecting the propeller performance and noise. Therefore, this paper analyzes the influence of elasticity on forward-swept, backward-swept, and unswept propellers in hover conditions. A reduced-order blade element momentum approach is coupled with a one-dimensional Timoshenko beam theory and Farassat's formulation 1A. The results of the aeroelastic simulation are used as input for the aeroacoustic calculation. The analysis shows that elasticity influences noise radiation because thickness and loading noise respond differently to deformations. In the case of the backward-swept propeller, the location of the maximum sound pressure level shifts forward by 0.5 °, while in the case of the forward-swept propeller, it shifts backward by 0.5 °. Therefore, aeroacoustic optimization requires the consideration of propeller deformation. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0210 N1 - Session: Propeller, Open Rotor, and Rotorcraft Noise II AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum, 23-27 January 2023, National Harbor, MD & Online PB - AIAA CY - Reston, Va. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hille, Sebastian A1 - Stumpf, Eike A1 - Mayntz, Joscha A1 - Dahmann, Peter T1 - Prediction of sound exposure caused by a landing motor glider with recuperating propellers T2 - AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum N2 - This paper presents an approach to predicting the sound exposure on the ground caused by a landing aircraft with recuperating propellers. The noise source along the trajectory of a flight specified for a steeper approach is simulated based on measurements of sound power levels and additional parameters of a single propeller placed in a wind tunnel. To validate the measured data/measurement results, these simulations are also supported by overflight measurements of a test aircraft. It is shown that the simple source models of propellers do not provide fully satisfactory results since the sound levels are estimated too low. Nevertheless, with a further reference comparison, margins for an acceptable increase in the sound power level of the aircraft on its now steeper approach path could be estimated. Thus, in this case, a +7 dB increase in SWL would not increase the SEL compared to the conventional approach within only 2 km ahead of the airfield. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0211 N1 - AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum, 23-27 January 2023, National Harbor, Md & Online PB - AIAA CY - Reston, Va. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Horikawa, Atsushi A1 - Ashikaga, Mitsugu A1 - Yamaguchi, Masato A1 - Ogino, Tomoyuki A1 - Aoki, Shigeki A1 - Wirsum, Manfred A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Kusterer, Karsten T1 - Combined heat and power supply demonstration of Micro-Mix Hydrogen Combustion Applied to M1A-17 Gas Turbine T2 - Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition (GT2022) (Volume 3A) N2 - Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (KHI), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, and B&B-AGEMA GmbH have investigated the potential of low NOx micro-mix (MMX) hydrogen combustion and its application to an industrial gas turbine combustor. Engine demonstration tests of a MMX combustor for the M1A-17 gas turbine with a co-generation system were conducted in the hydrogen-fueled power generation plant in Kobe City, Japan. This paper presents the results of the commissioning test and the combined heat and power (CHP) supply demonstration. In the commissioning test, grid interconnection, loading tests and load cut-off tests were successfully conducted. All measurement results satisfied the Japanese environmental regulation values. Dust and soot as well as SOx were not detected. The NOx emissions were below 84 ppmv at 15 % O2. The noise level at the site boundary was below 60 dB. The vibration at the site boundary was below 45 dB. During the combined heat and power supply demonstration, heat and power were supplied to neighboring public facilities with the MMX combustion technology and 100 % hydrogen fuel. The electric power output reached 1800 kW at which the NOx emissions were 72 ppmv at 15 % O2, and 60 %RH. Combustion instabilities were not observed. The gas turbine efficiency was improved by about 1 % compared to a non-premixed type combustor with water injection as NOx reduction method. During a total equivalent operation time of 1040 hours, all combustor parts, the M1A-17 gas turbine as such, and the co-generation system were without any issues. KW - industrial gas turbine KW - combustor development KW - fuels KW - hydrogen KW - emission Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-7918-8599-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2022-81620 N1 - ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition June 13–17, 2022 Rotterdam, Netherlands PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers CY - Fairfield ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Möhren, Felix A1 - Bergmann, Ole A1 - Janser, Frank A1 - Braun, Carsten T1 - On the determination of harmonic propeller loads T2 - AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum N2 - Dynamic loads significantly impact the structural design of propeller blades due to fatigue and static strength. Since propellers are elastic structures, deformations and aerodynamic loads are coupled. In the past, propeller manufacturers established procedures to determine unsteady aerodynamic loads and the structural response with analytical steady-state calculations. According to the approach, aeroelastic coupling primarily consists of torsional deformations. They neglect bending deformations, deformation velocities, and inertia terms. This paper validates the assumptions above for a General Aviation propeller and a lift propeller for urban air mobility or large cargo drones. Fully coupled reduced-order simulations determine the dynamic loads in the time domain. A quasi-steady blade element momentum approach transfers loads to one-dimensional finite beam elements. The simulation results are in relatively good agreement with the analytical method for the General Aviation propeller but show increasing errors for the slender lift propeller. The analytical approach is modified to consider the induced velocities. Still, inertia and velocity proportional terms play a significant role for the lift propeller due to increased elasticity. The assumption that only torsional deformations significantly impact the dynamic loads of propellers is not valid. Adequate determination of dynamic loads of such designs requires coupled aeroelastic simulations or advanced analytical procedures. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2404 N1 - AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum, 23-27 January 2023, National Harbor, Md & Online PB - AIAA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tamaldin, Noreffendy A1 - Mansor, Muhd Rizuan A1 - Mat Yamin, Ahmad Kamal A1 - Bin Abdollah, Mohd Fazli A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Tonoli, Andrea A1 - Reisinger, Karl Heinz A1 - Sprenger, Hanna A1 - Razuli, Hisham ED - Bin Abdollah, Mohd Fadzli ED - Amiruddin, Hilmi ED - Singh, Amrik Singh Phuman ED - Munir, Fudhail Abdul ED - Ibrahim, Asriana T1 - Development of UTeM United Future Fuel Design Training Center Under Erasmus+ United Program T2 - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials (ICE-SEAM 2021), Melaka, Malaysia N2 - The industrial revolution IR4.0 era have driven many states of the art technologies to be introduced especially in the automotive industry. The rapid development of automotive industries in Europe have created wide industry gap between European Union (EU) and developing countries such as in South-East Asia (SEA). Indulging this situation, FH Joanneum, Austria together with European partners from FH Aachen, Germany and Politecnico Di Torino, Italy is taking initiative to close the gap utilizing the Erasmus+ United grant from EU. A consortium was founded to engage with automotive technology transfer using the European ramework to Malaysian, Indonesian and Thailand Higher Education Institutions (HEI) as well as automotive industries. This could be achieved by establishing Engineering Knowledge Transfer Unit (EKTU) in respective SEA institutions guided by the industry partners in their respective countries. This EKTU could offer updated, innovative, and high-quality training courses to increase graduate’s employability in higher education institutions and strengthen relations between HEI and the wider economic and social environment by addressing Universityindustry cooperation which is the regional priority for Asia. It is expected that, the Capacity Building Initiative would improve the quality of higher education and enhancing its relevance for the labor market and society in the SEA partners. The outcome of this project would greatly benefit the partners in strong and complementary partnership targeting the automotive industry and enhanced larger scale international cooperation between the European and SEA partners. It would also prepare the SEA HEI in sustainable partnership with Automotive industry in the region as a mean of income generation in the future. KW - Erasmus+ United KW - technology transfer KW - UTeM Engineering Knowledge Transfer Unit KW - Malaysian automotive industry Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-981-19-3178-9 SN - 978-981-19-3179-6 (E-Book) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3179-6_50 SN - 2195-4356 N1 - 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Material (ICE-SEAM 2021), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia, in association with the Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Indonesia, 23 November 2021 SP - 274 EP - 278 PB - Springer Nature CY - Singapore ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tamaldin, Noreffendy A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Tonoli, Andrea A1 - Reisinger, Karl Heinz A1 - Sprenger, Hanna A1 - Razuli, Hisham T1 - ERASMUS+ United CBHE Automotive International Collaboration from European to South East Asia T2 - Proceedings of the 2nd African International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management N2 - The industrial revolution especially in the IR4.0 era have driven many states of the art technologies to be introduced. The automotive industry as well as many other key industries have also been greatly influenced. The rapid development of automotive industries in Europe have created wide industry gap between European Union (EU) and developing countries such as in South East Asia (SEA). Indulging this situation, FH JOANNEUM, Austria together with European partners from FH Aachen, Germany and Politecnico di Torino, Italy are taking initiative to close down the gap utilizing the Erasmus+ United Capacity Building in Higher Education grant from EU. A consortium was founded to engage with automotive technology transfer using the European framework to Malaysian, Indonesian and Thailand Higher Education Institutions (HEI) as well as automotive industries in respective countries. This could be achieved by establishing Engineering Knowledge Transfer Unit (EKTU) in respective SEA institutions guided by the industry partners in their respective countries. This EKTU could offer updated, innovative and high-quality training courses to increase graduate’s employability in higher education institutions and strengthen relations between HEI and the wider economic and social environment by addressing University-industry cooperation which is the regional priority for Asia. It is expected that, the Capacity Building Initiative would improve the quality of higher education and enhancing its relevance for the labor market and society in the SEA partners. The outcome of this project would greatly benefit the partners in strong and complementary partnership targeting the automotive industry and enhanced larger scale international cooperation between the European and SEA partners. It would also prepare the SEA HEI in sustainable partnership with Automotive industry in the region as a mean of income generation in the future. KW - European Framework and South East Asia KW - Technology Transfer KW - Capacity Building Higher Education KW - Malaysian Automotive Industry Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-7923-6123-4 SN - 2169-8767 N1 - 2nd African International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management; Harare, Zimbabwe, December 7-10, 2020 SP - 2970 EP - 2972 PB - IEOM Society International CY - Southfield ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Viehmann, Tarik A1 - Limpert, Nicolas A1 - Hofmann, Till A1 - Henning, Mike A1 - Ferrein, Alexander A1 - Lakemeyer, Gerhard ED - Eguchi, Amy ED - Lau, Nuno ED - Paetzel-Prüsmann, Maike ED - Wanichanon, Thanapat T1 - Winning the RoboCup logistics league with visual servoing and centralized goal reasoning T2 - RoboCup 2022: Robot World Cup XXV N2 - The RoboCup Logistics League (RCLL) is a robotics competition in a production logistics scenario in the context of a Smart Factory. In the competition, a team of three robots needs to assemble products to fulfill various orders that are requested online during the game. This year, the Carologistics team was able to win the competition with a new approach to multi-agent coordination as well as significant changes to the robot’s perception unit and a pragmatic network setup using the cellular network instead of WiFi. In this paper, we describe the major components of our approach with a focus on the changes compared to the last physical competition in 2019. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-28468-7 (Print) SN - 978-3-031-28469-4 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28469-4_25 N1 - Robot World Cup, RoboCup 2022. 17. July 2023. Bangkok, Thailand. Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNAI,volume 13561) SP - 300 EP - 312 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzwurm, Georg A1 - Krams, Benedikt A1 - Pietsch, Wolfram A1 - Schockert, Sixten T1 - Report from the 3rd international workshop on requirements prioritization for customer oriented software development (RePriCo’12) JF - ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes N2 - Prioritization is an essential task within requirements engineering to cope with complexity and to establish focus properly. The 3rd Workshop on Requirements Prioritization for customer oriented Software Development (RePriCo’12) focused on requirements prioritization and adjacent themes in the context of customer oriented development of bespoke and standard software. Five submissions have been accepted for the proceedings and for presentation. The report summarizes and points out key findings. KW - Requirements relations KW - Discourse ethics KW - Tool support KW - Consensus KW - Requirements prioritization Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/2237796.2237817 SN - 0163-5948 VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 32 EP - 34 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Neugebauer, Georg A1 - Brutschy, Lucas A1 - Meyer, Ulrike A1 - Wetzel, Susanne ED - Garcia-Alfaro, Joaquin ED - Lioudakis, Georgios ED - Cuppens-Boulahia, Nora ED - Foley, Simon ED - Fitzgerald, William M. T1 - Privacy-preserving multi-party reconciliation secure in the malicious model T2 - DPM 2013, SETOP 2013: Data Privacy Management and Autonomous Spontaneous Security N2 - The problem of fair and privacy-preserving ordered set reconciliation arises in a variety of applications like auctions, e-voting, and appointment reconciliation. While several multi-party protocols have been proposed that solve this problem in the semi-honest model, there are no multi-party protocols that are secure in the malicious model so far. In this paper, we close this gap. Our newly proposed protocols are shown to be secure in the malicious model based on a variety of novel non-interactive zero-knowledge-proofs. We describe the implementation of our protocols and evaluate their performance in comparison to protocols solving the problem in the semi-honest case. KW - Privacy-enhancing technologies KW - Secure multi-party computation KW - Cryptographic protocols KW - Zero-knowledge proofs KW - Malicious model Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-642-54567-2 (Print) SN - 978-3-642-54568-9 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54568-9_12 N1 - 8th International Workshop, DPM 2013, and 6th International Workshop, SETOP 2013, Egham, UK, September 12-13, 2013. Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNSC,volume 8247) SP - 178 EP - 193 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfaff, Raphael T1 - Braking distance prediction for vehicle consist in low-speed on-sight operation: a Monte Carlo approach JF - Railway Engineering Science N2 - The first and last mile of a railway journey, in both freight and transit applications, constitutes a high effort and is either non-productive (e.g. in the case of depot operations) or highly inefficient (e.g. in industrial railways). These parts are typically managed on-sight, i.e. with no signalling and train protection systems ensuring the freedom of movement. This is possible due to the rather short braking distances of individual vehicles and shunting consists. The present article analyses the braking behaviour of such shunting units. For this purpose, a dedicated model is developed. It is calibrated on published results of brake tests and validated against a high-definition model for low-speed applications. Based on this model, multiple simulations are executed to obtain a Monte Carlo simulation of the resulting braking distances. Based on the distribution properties and established safety levels, the risk of exceeding certain braking distances is evaluated and maximum braking distances are derived. Together with certain parameters of the system, these can serve in the design and safety assessment of driver assistance systems and automation of these processes. KW - Freight rail KW - Shunting KW - Braking curves KW - Brake set-up KW - Driver assistance system Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-023-00303-7 SN - 2662-4753 (eISSN) SN - 2662-4745 (Print) VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 135 EP - 144 PB - SpringerOpen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nierle, Elisabeth A1 - Pieper, Martin T1 - Measuring social impacts in engineering education to improve sustainability skills T2 - European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI) N2 - In times of social climate protection movements, such as Fridays for Future, the priorities of society, industry and higher education are currently changing. The consideration of sustainability challenges is increasing. In the context of sustainable development, social skills are crucial to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In particular, the impact that educational activities have on people, communities and society is therefore coming to the fore. Research has shown that people with high levels of social competence are better able to manage stressful situations, maintain positive relationships and communicate effectively. They are also associated with better academic performance and career success. However, especially in engineering programs, the social pillar is underrepresented compared to the environmental and economic pillars. In response to these changes, higher education institutions should be more aware of their social impact - from individual forms of teaching to entire modules and degree programs. To specifically determine the potential for improvement and derive resulting change for further development, we present an initial framework for social impact measurement by transferring already established approaches from the business sector to the education sector. To demonstrate the applicability, we measure the key competencies taught in undergraduate engineering programs in Germany. The aim is to prepare the students for success in the modern world of work and their future contribution to sustainable development. Additionally, the university can include the results in its sustainability report. Our method can be applied to different teaching methods and enables their comparison. KW - Social impact measurement KW - Key competences KW - Sustainable engineering education KW - Future skills Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21427/QPR4-0T22 N1 - 51st Annual Conference of the European Society for Engineering Education, Technological University Dublin, 10th-14th September, 2023 N1 - Corresponding Author: Elisabeth Nierle ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Lauth, Jakob T1 - Physical chemistry in a nutshell: Basics for engineers and scientists N2 - This book is based on a multimedia course for biological and chemical engineers, which is designed to trigger students' curiosity and initiative. A solid basic knowledge of thermodynamics and kinetics is necessary for understanding many technical, chemical, and biological processes. The one-semester basic lecture course was divided into 12 workshops (chapters). Each chapter covers a practically relevant area of physical chemistry and contains the following didactic elements that make this book particularly exciting and understandable: - Links to Videos at the start of each chapter as preparation for the workshop - Key terms (in bold) for further research of your own - Comprehension questions and calculation exercises with solutions as learning checks - Key illustrations as simple, easy-to-replicate blackboard pictures Humorous cartoons for each workshop (by Faelis) additionally lighten up the text and facilitate the learning process as a mnemonic. To round out the book, the appendix includes a summary of the most popular experiments in basic physical chemistry courses, as well as suggestions for designing workshops with exhibits, experiments, and "questions of the day." Suitable for students minoring in chemistry; chemistry majors are sure to find this slimmed-down, didactically valuable book helpful as well. The book is excellent for self-study. KW - Physical chemistry KW - Thermodynamics as minor KW - Physical chemistry starters KW - Minor chemistry KW - Physical chemistry basics Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-662-67636-3 (Softcover) SN - 978-3-662-67637-0 (eBook) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67637-0 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schulze-Buxloh, Lina A1 - Groß, Rolf Fritz A1 - Ulbrich, Michelle T1 - Digital planning using building information modelling and virtual reality: new approach for students’ remote practical training under lockdown conditions in the course of smart building engineering T2 - Proceedings of International Conference on Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology 2021 N2 - The worldwide Corona pandemic has severely restricted student projects in the higher semesters of engineering courses. In order not to delay the graduation, a new concept had to be developed for projects under lockdown conditions. Therefore, unused rooms at the university should be digitally recorded in order to develop a new usage concept as laboratory rooms. An inventory of the actual state of the rooms was done first by taking photos and listing up all flaws and peculiarities. After that, a digital site measuring was done with a 360° laser scanner and these recorded scans were linked to a coherent point cloud and transferred to a software for planning technical building services and supporting Building Information Modelling (BIM). In order to better illustrate the difference between the actual and target state, two virtual reality models were created for realistic demonstration. During the project, the students had to go through the entire digital planning phases. Technical specifications had to be complied with, as well as documentation, time planning and cost estimate. This project turned out to be an excellent alternative to on-site practical training under lockdown conditions and increased the students’ motivation to deal with complex technical questions. KW - smart building engineering KW - building information modelling KW - virtual reality KW - lockdown conditions KW - emote practical training Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-952092-17-6 N1 - International Conference on Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology 2021, April 1-4, 2021 in Antalya, Turkey SP - 118 EP - 123 PB - ISTES Organization CY - San Antonio, TX ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Neth, Jannik A1 - Schuba, Marko A1 - Brodkorb, Karsten A1 - Neugebauer, Georg A1 - Höner, Tim A1 - Hack, Sacha T1 - Digital forensics triage app for android T2 - ARES '23: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security N2 - Digital forensics of smartphones is of utmost importance in many criminal cases. As modern smartphones store chats, photos, videos etc. that can be relevant for investigations and as they can have storage capacities of hundreds of gigabytes, they are a primary target for forensic investigators. However, it is exactly this large amount of data that is causing problems: extracting and examining the data from multiple phones seized in the context of a case is taking more and more time. This bears the risk of wasting a lot of time with irrelevant phones while there is not enough time left to analyze a phone which is worth examination. Forensic triage can help in this case: Such a triage is a preselection step based on a subset of data and is performed before fully extracting all the data from the smartphone. Triage can accelerate subsequent investigations and is especially useful in cases where time is essential. The aim of this paper is to determine which and how much data from an Android smartphone can be made directly accessible to the forensic investigator – without tedious investigations. For this purpose, an app has been developed that can be used with extremely limited storage of data in the handset and which outputs the extracted data immediately to the forensic workstation in a human- and machine-readable format. KW - Android KW - Digital triage KW - Triage-app Y1 - 2023 SN - 9798400707728 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3600160.3605017 N1 - ARES 2023: The 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. August 29 - September 1, 2023. Benevento, Italy. PB - ACM ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dellmann, Sophia Florence A1 - Glorius, J. A1 - Litvinov, Yu A. A1 - Reifarth, R. A1 - Al-Khasawneh, Kafa A1 - Aliotta, M. A1 - Bott, L. A1 - Brückner, Benjamin A1 - Bruno, C. G. A1 - Chen, Ruijiu A1 - Davinson, T. A1 - Dickel, T. A1 - Dillmann, Iris A1 - Dmytriev, D. A1 - Erbacher, P. A1 - Freire-Fernández, D. A1 - Forstner, Oliver A1 - Geissel, H. A1 - Göbel, K. A1 - Griffin, Christopher J. A1 - Grisenti, R. A1 - Gumberidze, Alexandre A1 - Haettner, Emma A1 - Hagmann, Siegbert A1 - Heil, M. A1 - Heß, R. A1 - Hillenbrand, P.-M. A1 - Joseph, R. A1 - Jurado, B. A1 - Kozhuharov, Christophor A1 - Kulikov, I. A1 - Löher, Bastian A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Leckenby, Guy A1 - Lederer-Woods, C. A1 - Lestinsky, M. A1 - Litvinov, S. A. A1 - Lorenz, B. A. A1 - Lorenz, E. A1 - Marsh, J. A1 - Menz, Esther Babette A1 - Morgenroth, T. A1 - Petridis, N. A1 - Pibernat, Jerome A1 - Popp, U. A1 - Psaltis, Athanasios A1 - Sanjari, Shahab A1 - Scheidenberger, C. A1 - Sguazzin, M. A1 - Sidhu, Ragandeep Singh A1 - Spillmann, Uwe A1 - Steck, M. A1 - Stöhlker, T. A1 - Surzhykov, A. A1 - Swartz, J. A. A1 - Törnqvist, H. A1 - Varga, L. A1 - Vescovi, Diego A1 - Weick, H. A1 - Weigand, M. A1 - Woods, P. A1 - Xing, Y. A1 - Yamaguchi, Taiyo T1 - Proton capture on stored radioactive ¹¹⁸Te ions JF - EPJ Web of Conferences N2 - Experimental determination of the cross sections of proton capture on radioactive nuclei is extremely difficult. Therefore, it is of substantial interest for the understanding of the production of the p-nuclei. For the first time, a direct measurement of proton-capture cross sections on stored, radioactive ions became possible in an energy range of interest for nuclear astrophysics. The experiment was performed at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI by making use of a sensitive method to measure (p,γ) and (p,n) reactions in inverse kinematics. These reaction channels are of high relevance for the nucleosyn-thesis processes in supernovae, which are among the most violent explosions in the universe and are not yet well understood. The cross section of the ¹¹⁸Te(p,γ) reaction has been measured at energies of 6 MeV/u and 7 MeV/u. The heavy ions interacted with a hydrogen gas jet target. The radiative recombination process of the fully stripped ¹¹⁸Te ions and electrons from the hydrogen target was used as a luminosity monitor. An overview of the experimental method and preliminary results from the ongoing analysis will be presented. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327911018 SN - 2100-014X N1 - Volume 279, 2023. Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics – X (NPA-X 2022). VL - 279 IS - Article Number: 11018 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - EDP Sciences ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Arndt, Tobias A1 - Conzen, Max A1 - Elsen, Ingo A1 - Ferrein, Alexander A1 - Galla, Oskar A1 - Köse, Hakan A1 - Schiffer, Stefan A1 - Tschesche, Matteo T1 - Anomaly detection in the metal-textile industry for the reduction of the cognitive load of quality control workers T2 - PETRA '23: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments N2 - This paper presents an approach for reducing the cognitive load for humans working in quality control (QC) for production processes that adhere to the 6σ -methodology. While 100% QC requires every part to be inspected, this task can be reduced when a human-in-the-loop QC process gets supported by an anomaly detection system that only presents those parts for manual inspection that have a significant likelihood of being defective. This approach shows good results when applied to image-based QC for metal textile products. KW - Datasets KW - Neural networks KW - Anomaly detection KW - Quality control KW - Process optimization Y1 - 2023 SN - 9798400700699 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3594806.3596558 N1 - PETRA '23: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, Corfu, Greece, July 5 - 7, 2023 SP - 535 EP - 542 PB - ACM ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zähl, Philipp M. A1 - Theis, Sabine A1 - Wolf, Martin A1 - Köhler, Klemens ED - Chen, Jessie Y. C. ED - Fragomeni, Gino T1 - Teamwork in software development and what personality has to do with it - an overview T2 - Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality N2 - Due to the increasing complexity of software projects, software development is becoming more and more dependent on teams. The quality of this teamwork can vary depending on the team composition, as teams are always a combination of different skills and personality types. This paper aims to answer the question of how to describe a software development team and what influence the personality of the team members has on the team dynamics. For this purpose, a systematic literature review (n=48) and a literature search with the AI research assistant Elicit (n=20) were conducted. Result: A person’s personality significantly shapes his or her thinking and actions, which in turn influences his or her behavior in software development teams. It has been shown that team performance and satisfaction can be strongly influenced by personality. The quality of communication and the likelihood of conflict can also be attributed to personality. KW - Teamwork KW - Software KW - Personality KW - Performance KW - Elicit Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-35633-9 (Print) SN - 978-3-031-35634-6 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35634-6_10 N1 - Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality: 15th International Conference. VAMR 2023. Held as Part of the 25th HCI International Conference. HCII 2023. Copenhagen, Denmark. July 23–28, 2023. SP - 130 EP - 153 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Duran Paredes, Ludwin A1 - Mottaghy, Darius A1 - Herrmann, Ulf A1 - Groß, Rolf Fritz T1 - Online ground temperature and soil moisture monitoring of a shallow geothermal system with non-conventional components T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020 N2 - We present first results from a newly developed monitoring station for a closed loop geothermal heat pump test installation at our campus, consisting of helix coils and plate heat exchangers, as well as an ice-store system. There are more than 40 temperature sensors and several soil moisture content sensors distributed around the system, allowing a detailed monitoring under different operating conditions.In the view of the modern development of renewable energies along with the newly concepts known as Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 (high-tech strategy from the German government), we created a user-friendly web application, which will connect the things (sensors) with the open network (www). Besides other advantages, this allows a continuous remote monitoring of the data from the numerous sensors at an arbitrary sampling rate.Based on the recorded data, we will also present first results from numerical simulations, taking into account all relevant heat transport processes.The aim is to improve the understanding of these processes and their influence on the thermal behavior of shallow geothermal systems in the unsaturated zone. This will in turn facilitate the prediction of the performance of these systems and therefore yield an improvement in their dimensioning when designing a specific shallow geothermal installation. Y1 - 2020 N1 - EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bertz, Morten A1 - Molinnus, Denise A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Homma, Takayuki T1 - Real-time monitoring of H₂O₂ sterilization on individual bacillus atrophaeus spores by optical sensing with trapping Raman spectroscopy JF - Chemosensors N2 - Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a strong oxidizer, is a commonly used sterilization agent employed during aseptic food processing and medical applications. To assess the sterilization efficiency with H₂O₂, bacterial spores are common microbial systems due to their remarkable robustness against a wide variety of decontamination strategies. Despite their widespread use, there is, however, only little information about the detailed time-resolved mechanism underlying the oxidative spore death by H₂O₂. In this work, we investigate chemical and morphological changes of individual Bacillus atrophaeus spores undergoing oxidative damage using optical sensing with trapping Raman microscopy in real-time. The time-resolved experiments reveal that spore death involves two distinct phases: (i) an initial phase dominated by the fast release of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a major spore biomarker, which indicates the rupture of the spore’s core; and (ii) the oxidation of the remaining spore material resulting in the subsequent fragmentation of the spores’ coat. Simultaneous observation of the spore morphology by optical microscopy corroborates these mechanisms. The dependence of the onset of DPA release and the time constant of spore fragmentation on H₂O₂ shows that the formation of reactive oxygen species from H₂O₂ is the rate-limiting factor of oxidative spore death. KW - DPA (dipicolinic acid) KW - sterilization KW - Bacillus atrophaeus spores KW - optical trapping KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - optical sensor setup Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11080445 SN - 2227-9040 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Biosensors and Chemical Sensors for Food and Healthcare Monitoring—Celebrating the 10th Anniversary" VL - 8 IS - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wendlandt, Tim A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Britz, Beate A1 - Liedek, Anke A1 - Schmidt, Nora A1 - Werner, Stefan A1 - Gleba, Yuri A1 - Vahidpour, Farnoosh A1 - Welden, Melanie A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Facile Purification and Use of Tobamoviral Nanocarriers for Antibody-Mediated Display of a Two-Enzyme System JF - Viruses N2 - Immunosorbent turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) particles displaying the IgG-binding domains D and E of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (PA) on every coat protein (CP) subunit (TVCVPA) were purified from plants via optimized and new protocols. The latter used polyethylene glycol (PEG) raw precipitates, from which virions were selectively re-solubilized in reverse PEG concentration gradients. This procedure improved the integrity of both TVCVPA and the wild-type subgroup 3 tobamovirus. TVCVPA could be loaded with more than 500 IgGs per virion, which mediated the immunocapture of fluorescent dyes, GFP, and active enzymes. Bi-enzyme ensembles of cooperating glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase were tethered together on the TVCVPA carriers via a single antibody type, with one enzyme conjugated chemically to its Fc region, and the other one bound as a target, yielding synthetic multi-enzyme complexes. In microtiter plates, the TVCVPA-displayed sugar-sensing system possessed a considerably increased reusability upon repeated testing, compared to the IgG-bound enzyme pair in the absence of the virus. A high coverage of the viral adapters was also achieved on Ta2O5 sensor chip surfaces coated with a polyelectrolyte interlayer, as a prerequisite for durable TVCVPA-assisted electrochemical biosensing via modularly IgG-assembled sensor enzymes. KW - biosensor KW - horseradish peroxidase (HRP) KW - glucose oxidase (GOx) KW - enzyme cascade KW - turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) KW - tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3390/v15091951 SN - 1999-4915 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Tobamoviruses 2023" VL - 9 IS - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Steuer-Dankert, Linda A1 - Berg-Postweiler, Julia A1 - Leicht-Scholten, Carmen T1 - One does not fit all: applying anti-bias trainings in academia T2 - Twenty-third international conference on diversity in organizations, communities & nations June 22 - 23, 2023 Toronto Metropolitan University, Rogers Communication Centre Toronto, Canada N2 - Anti-bias trainings are increasingly demanded and practiced in academia and industry to increase employees’ sensitivity to discrimination, racism, and diversity. Under the heading of “Diversity Management”, anti-bias trainings are mainly offered as one-off workshops intending to raise awareness of unconscious biases, create a diversity-affirming corporate culture, awake awareness of the potential of diversity, and ultimately enable the reflection of diversity in development processes. However, coming from childhood education, research and scientific articles on the sustainable effectiveness of anti-bias in adulthood, especially in academia, are very scarce. In order to fill this research gap, the paper explores how sustainable the effects of individual anti-bias trainings on the behavior of participants are. In order to investigate this, participant observation in a qualitative pre-post setting was conducted, analyzing anti-bias trainings in an academic context. Two observers actively participated in the training sessions and documented the activities and reflection processes of the participants. Overall, the results question the effectiveness of single anti-bias trainings and show that a target-group adaptive approach is mandatory due to the background of the approach in early childhood education. Therefore, it can be concluded that anti-bias work needs to be adapted to the target group’s needs and reality of life. Furthermore, the study reveals that single anti-bias trainings must be embedded in a holistic diversity management approach to stimulate sustainable reflection processes among the target group. This paper is one of the first to scientifically evaluate anti-bias training effectiveness, especially in engineering sciences and the university context. KW - Academia KW - Engineering Habitus KW - Organizational Culture KW - Diversity Management KW - Anti-Bias Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eggert, Mathias A1 - Zähl, Philipp M. A1 - Wolf, Martin R. A1 - Haase, Martin ED - Cooper, Kendra M.L. ED - Bucchiarone, Antonio T1 - Applying leaderboards for quality improvement in software development projects T2 - Software Engineering for Games in Serious Contexts N2 - Software development projects often fail because of insufficient code quality. It is now well documented that the task of testing software, for example, is perceived as uninteresting and rather boring, leading to poor software quality and major challenges to software development companies. One promising approach to increase the motivation for considering software quality is the use of gamification. Initial research works already investigated the effects of gamification on software developers and come to promising. Nevertheless, a lack of results from field experiments exists, which motivates the chapter at hand. By conducting a gamification experiment with five student software projects and by interviewing the project members, the chapter provides insights into the changing programming behavior of information systems students when confronted with a leaderboard. The results reveal a motivational effect as well as a reduction of code smells. KW - Leaderboard KW - Gamification KW - Software testing KW - Software development Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-33337-8 (Print) SN - 978-3-031-33338-5 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33338-5_11 SP - 243 EP - 263 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - INPR A1 - Bornheim, Tobias A1 - Niklas, Grieger A1 - Blaneck, Patrick Gustav A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Preprint: Speaker attribution in German parliamentary debates with QLoRA-adapted large language models T2 - Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics N2 - The growing body of political texts opens up new opportunities for rich insights into political dynamics and ideologies but also increases the workload for manual analysis. Automated speaker attribution, which detects who said what to whom in a speech event and is closely related to semantic role labeling, is an important processing step for computational text analysis. We study the potential of the large language model family Llama 2 to automate speaker attribution in German parliamentary debates from 2017-2021. We fine-tune Llama 2 with QLoRA, an efficient training strategy, and observe our approach to achieve competitive performance in the GermEval 2023 Shared Task On Speaker Attribution in German News Articles and Parliamentary Debates. Our results shed light on the capabilities of large language models in automating speaker attribution, revealing a promising avenue for computational analysis of political discourse and the development of semantic role labeling systems. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.09902 N1 - Veröffentlichte Version verfügbar unter: https://doi.org/10.21248/jlcl.37.2024.244 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Groß, Rolf Fritz A1 - Hecken, M. A1 - Renz, Ulrich ED - Dittler, A. ED - Hemmer, G. ED - Kasper, G. T1 - Hot gas filtration with ceramic filter candles: experimental and numerical investigations on fluid flow during element cleaning T2 - High temperature gas cleaning. Vol. 2 N2 - Ceramic hot gas filters are widely used in combined cycles based on pressurised fluidised beds. They fulfil most of the demands with respect to cleaning efficiency and long time durability, but their operation regarding the consumption of pulse gas and energy still has to be optimised. Experimental investigations were carried out to measure the flow field, the pressure and the gas temperature inside the filter candle during pulse jet cleaning. These results are compared with the results of a numerical procedure based on a solution of the two - dimensional conservation equations for momentum and energy. The observed difficulties handling different flow regimes like highly turbulent flow as well as Darcy flow simultaneously are discussed. KW - 20 fossil-fueled power plants KW - hot gas cleanup KW - ceramics KW - filtration KW - gas flow Y1 - 1999 SN - 3-9805220-1-6 N1 - 4th International Symposium and Exhibition on Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures, 22.-24.09.1999, Karlsruhe SP - 862 EP - 873 PB - KIT Institut für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik CY - Karlsruhe ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kowalewski, Paul A1 - Bragard, Michael A1 - Hüning, Felix A1 - De Doncker, Rik W. T1 - An inexpensive Wiegand-sensor-based rotary encoder without rotating magnets for use in electrical drives JF - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement N2 - This paper introduces an inexpensive Wiegand-sensor-based rotary encoder that avoids rotating magnets and is suitable for electrical-drive applications. So far, Wiegand-sensor-based encoders usually include a magnetic pole wheel with rotating permanent magnets. These encoders combine the disadvantages of an increased magnet demand and a limited maximal speed due to the centripetal force acting on the rotating magnets. The proposed approach reduces the total demand of permanent magnets drastically. Moreover, the rotating part is manufacturable from a single piece of steel, which makes it very robust and cheap. This work presents the theoretical operating principle of the proposed approach and validates its benefits on a hardware prototype. The presented proof-of-concept prototype achieves a mechanical resolution of 4.5 ° by using only 4 permanent magnets, 2Wiegand sensors and a rotating steel gear wheel with 20 teeth. KW - Rotary encoder KW - Wiegand sensor Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2023.3326166 SN - 0018-9456 (Print) SN - 1557-9662 (Online) N1 - Early Access SP - 10 Seiten PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herssens, Nolan A1 - Cowburn, James A1 - Albracht, Kirsten A1 - Braunstein, Bjoern A1 - Cazzola, Dario A1 - Colyer, Steffi A1 - Minetti, Alberto E. A1 - Pavei, Gaspare A1 - Rittweger, Jörn A1 - Weber, Tobias A1 - Green, David A. ED - Cattaneo, Luigi T1 - Movement in low gravity environments (MoLo) programme – the MoLo-L.O.O.P. study protocol JF - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science N2 - Exposure to prolonged periods in microgravity is associated with deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system due to chronic changes in mechanical stimulation. Given astronauts will operate on the Lunar surface for extended periods of time, it is critical to quantify both external (e.g., ground reaction forces) and internal (e.g., joint reaction forces) loads of relevant movements performed during Lunar missions. Such knowledge is key to predict musculoskeletal deconditioning and determine appropriate exercise countermeasures associated with extended exposure to hypogravity. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278051 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 17 IS - 11 PB - Plos CY - San Francisco ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Alhaskir, Mohamed A1 - Tschesche, Matteo A1 - Linke, Florian A1 - Schriewer, Elisabeth A1 - Weber, Yvonne A1 - Wolking, Stefan A1 - Röhrig, Rainer A1 - Koch, Henner A1 - Kutafina, Ekaterina ED - Röhrig, Rainer ED - Grabe, Niels ED - Haag, Martin ED - Hübner, Ursula ED - Sax, Ulrich ED - Schmidt, Carsten Oliver ED - Sedlmayr, Martin ED - Zapf, Antonia T1 - ECG matching: an approach to synchronize ECG datasets for data quality comparisons T2 - Proceedings of the 68th Annual Meeting of the German Association of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology e.V. (gmds) 2023 N2 - Clinical assessment of newly developed sensors is important for ensuring their validity. Comparing recordings of emerging electrocardiography (ECG) systems to a reference ECG system requires accurate synchronization of data from both devices. Current methods can be inefficient and prone to errors. To address this issue, three algorithms are presented to synchronize two ECG time series from different recording systems: Binned R-peak Correlation, R-R Interval Correlation, and Average R-peak Distance. These algorithms reduce ECG data to their cyclic features, mitigating inefficiencies and minimizing discrepancies between different recording systems. We evaluate the performance of these algorithms using high-quality data and then assess their robustness after manipulating the R-peaks. Our results show that R-R Interval Correlation was the most efficient, whereas the Average R-peak Distance and Binned R-peak Correlation were more robust against noisy data. KW - Electrocardiography KW - Wearable electronic device KW - Sensors comparison KW - Time-series synchronization Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-64368-428-4 (Print) SN - 978-1-64368-429-1 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI230718 N1 - Proceedings of the 68th Annual Meeting of the German Association of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology e.V. (gmds) 2023, 17. - 21.9.23, Heilbronn, Germany Part of the series: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics VL - 307 SP - 225 EP - 232 PB - IOS Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eichenbaum, Julian A1 - Nikolovski, Gjorgji A1 - Mülhens, Leon A1 - Reke, Michael A1 - Ferrein, Alexander A1 - Scholl, Ingrid T1 - Towards a lifelong mapping approach using Lanelet 2 for autonomous open-pit mine operations T2 - 2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) N2 - Autonomous agents require rich environment models for fulfilling their missions. High-definition maps are a well-established map format which allows for representing semantic information besides the usual geometric information of the environment. These are, for instance, road shapes, road markings, traffic signs or barriers. The geometric resolution of HD maps can be as precise as of centimetre level. In this paper, we report on our approach of using HD maps as a map representation for autonomous load-haul-dump vehicles in open-pit mining operations. As the mine undergoes constant change, we also need to constantly update the map. Therefore, we follow a lifelong mapping approach for updating the HD maps based on camera-based object detection and GPS data. We show our mapping algorithm based on the Lanelet 2 map format and show our integration with the navigation stack of the Robot Operating System. We present experimental results on our lifelong mapping approach from a real open-pit mine. Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-2069-5 (Online) SN - 979-8-3503-2070-1 (Print) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/CASE56687.2023.10260526 N1 - 19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), 26-30 August 2023, Auckland, New Zealand. PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tischbein, Franziska A1 - Kean, Kilian A1 - Vertgewall, Chris Martin A1 - Ulbig, Andreas A1 - Altherr, Lena T1 - Determination of the topology of low-voltage distribution grids using cluster methods T2 - 27th International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2023) N2 - Due to the decarbonization of the energy sector, the electric distribution grids are undergoing a major transformation, which is expected to increase the load on the operating resources due to new electrical loads and distributed energy resources. Therefore, grid operators need to gradually move to active grid management in order to ensure safe and reliable grid operation. However, this requires knowledge of key grid variables, such as node voltages, which is why the mass integration of measurement technology (smart meters) is necessary. Another problem is the fact that a large part of the topology of the distribution grids is not sufficiently digitized and models are partly faulty, which means that active grid operation management today has to be carried out largely blindly. It is therefore part of current research to develop methods for determining unknown grid topologies based on measurement data. In this paper, different clustering algorithms are presented and their performance of topology detection of low voltage grids is compared. Furthermore, the influence of measurement uncertainties is investigated in the form of a sensitivity analysis. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-83953-855-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2023.0478 N1 - 27th International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2023), 12-15 June 2023, Rome, Italy. SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Freyer, Nils A1 - Kempt, Hendrik ED - Bhakuni, Himani ED - Miotto, Lucas T1 - AI-DSS in healthcare and their power over health-insecure collectives T2 - Justice in global health N2 - AI-based systems are nearing ubiquity not only in everyday low-stakes activities but also in medical procedures. To protect patients and physicians alike, explainability requirements have been proposed for the operation of AI-based decision support systems (AI-DSS), which adds hurdles to the productive use of AI in clinical contexts. This raises two questions: Who decides these requirements? And how should access to AI-DSS be provided to communities that reject these standards (particularly when such communities are expert-scarce)? This chapter investigates a dilemma that emerges from the implementation of global AI governance. While rejecting global AI governance limits the ability to help communities in need, global AI governance risks undermining and subjecting health-insecure communities to the force of the neo-colonial world order. For this, this chapter first surveys the current landscape of AI governance and introduces the approach of relational egalitarianism as key to (global health) justice. To discuss the two horns of the referred dilemma, the core power imbalances faced by health-insecure collectives (HICs) are examined. The chapter argues that only strong demands of a dual strategy towards health-secure collectives can both remedy the immediate needs of HICs and enable them to become healthcare independent. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781003399933 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003399933-4 SP - 38 EP - 55 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Churilov, Sergej A1 - Dumova-Jovanoska, Elena A1 - Butenweg, Christoph ED - Adam, Christoph ED - Heuer, Rudolf ED - Lenhardt, Wolfgang ED - Schranz, Christian T1 - Seismic verification of existing masonry buildings and strengthening with reinforced concrete jackets T2 - Proceedings - Vienna Congress on Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 2013 (VEESD 2013) N2 - A methodology for assessment, seismic verification and strengthening of existing masonry buildings is presented in this paper. The verification is performed using a calculation model calibrated with the results from ambient vibration measurements. The calibrated model serves as an input for a deformation-based verification procedure based on the Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM). The bearing capacity of the building is calculated from experimental capacity curves of the individual walls idealized with bilinear elastic-perfectly plastic curves. The experimental capacity curves were obtained from in-plane cyclic loading tests on unreinforced and strengthened masonry walls with reinforced concrete jackets. The seismic action is compared with the load-bearing capacity of the building considering non-linear material behavior with its post-peak capacity. The application of the CSM to masonry buildings and the influence of a traditional strengthening method are demonstrated on the example of a public school building in Skopje, Macedonia. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-902749-04-8 N1 - Vienna Congress on Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vienna, Austria, Paper No. 523 13. D-A-CH Tagung ; Vienna, Austria, 29. - 30. August 2013 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12188/15830 (Error - Cannot Connect to Server) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Norda, Hannah ED - Adam, Christoph ED - Heuer, Rudolf ED - Lenhardt, Wolfgang ED - Schranz, Christian T1 - Nonlinear analysis of masonry structures according to Eurocode 8 T2 - Proceedings - Vienna Congress on Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 2013 (VEESD 2013) Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-902749-04-8 N1 - Vienna Congress on Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vienna, Austria, Paper No. 523 13. D-A-CH Tagung ; Vienna, Austria, 29. - 30. August 2013 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12188/15830 (Error - Cannot Connect to Server) ER -