TY - CHAP A1 - Schwarte, Rudolf A1 - Heinol, Horst-Guenther A1 - Buxbaum, Bernd A1 - Ringbeck, Thorsten A1 - [u.a.], ED - Jähne, Bernd T1 - Principles of three-dimensional imaging techniques T2 - Sensors and imaging. - (Handbook of computer vision and applications ; Vol. 1) Y1 - 1999 SN - 0-12-379771-3 (Einzelbd.) SN - 0-12-379770-5 (Gesamtwerk) SP - 463 EP - 485 PB - Academic Press CY - San Diego ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Medlin, L. K. A1 - Barker, G. L. A. A1 - Baumann, Marcus A1 - Hayes, P. K. T1 - Molecular biology and systematics T2 - The Haptophyte Algae (Special volume / Systematics Association : 51) Y1 - 1994 SN - 0-19-857772-9 SP - 393 EP - 411 PB - Clarendon Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wendorff, Marion A1 - Eggert, Thorsten A1 - Pohl, Martina A1 - Dresen, Carola A1 - Müller, Michael A1 - Jaeger, Karl-Erich A1 - Sprenger, Georg A. A1 - Schürmann, Melanie A1 - Schürmann, Martin A1 - Johnen, Sandra A1 - Sprenger, Gerda A1 - Sahm, Hermann A1 - Inoue, Tomoyuki A1 - Schörken, Ulrich A1 - Breittaupt, Holger A1 - Frölich, Bettina A1 - Heim, Petra A1 - Iding, Hans A1 - Juchem, Bettina A1 - Siegert, Petra A1 - Kula, Maria-Regina A1 - Weckbecker, Andrea A1 - Hummel, Werner A1 - Fessner, Wolf-Dieter A1 - Elling, Lothar A1 - Wolberg, Michael A1 - Bode, Silke A1 - Feldmann, Ralf A1 - Geilenkirchen, Petra A1 - Schubert, Thomas A1 - Walter, Lydia A1 - Dünnwald, Thomas A1 - Demir, Ayhan S. A1 - Kolter-Jung, Doris A1 - Nitsche, Adam A1 - Dünkelmann, Pascal A1 - Cosp, Annabel A1 - Lingen, Bettina T1 - Catalytic asymmetric synthesis : section 2.2 T2 - Asymmetric synthesis with chemical and biological methods / ed. by Dieter Enders ... Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-527-31473-7 SP - 298 EP - 413 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Siegert, Petra A1 - Pohl, Martina A1 - Kneen, Malea M. A1 - Pogozheva, Irina D. A1 - Kenyon, George L. A1 - McLeish, Michael J. T1 - Exploring the substrate specificity of benzoylformate decarboxylase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and benzaldehyde lyase T2 - Thiamine : catalytic mechanisms in normal and disease states / ed. by Frank Jordan ... Y1 - 2004 SN - 0-8247-4062-9 SP - 275 EP - 290 PB - Dekker CY - New York, NY ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Buda, Aurel A1 - Schürmann, Volker A1 - Wollert, Jörg T1 - Wireless technologies in factory automation T2 - Factory automation / ed. by Javier Silvestre-Blanes Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-953-7619-42-8 SP - 29 EP - 50 PB - Intech CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schürmann, Volker A1 - Buda, Aurel A1 - Jonker, Stefan A1 - Palmhof, Norman A1 - Wollert, Jörg T1 - Wireless in future automotive applications T2 - Mobile and wireless communications network layer and circuit level design / ed. by Salma Ait Fares ... Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-953-307-042-1 SP - 71 EP - 92 PB - Intech CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kallweit, Stephan A1 - Gottschalk, Michael A1 - Walenta, Robert T1 - ROS based safety concept for collaborative robots in industrial applications T2 - Advances in robot design and intelligent control : proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Robotics in Alpe-Adria-Danube Region (RAAD). (Advances in intelligent systems and computing ; 371) N2 - The production and assembly of customized products increases the demand for flexible automation systems. One approach is to remove the safety fences that separate human and industrial robot to combine their skills. This collaboration possesses a certain risk for the human co-worker, leading to numerous safety concepts to protect him. The human needs to be monitored and tracked by a safety system using different sensors. The proposed system consists of a RGBD camera for surveillance of the common working area, an array of optical distance sensors to compensate shadowing effects of the RGBD camera and a laser range finder to detect the co-worker when approaching the work cell. The software for collision detection, path planning, robot control and predicting the behaviour of the co-worker is based on the Robot Operating System (ROS). A first prototype of the work cell shows that with advanced algorithms from the field of mobile robotics a very flexible safety concept can be realized: the robot not simply stops its movement when detecting a collision, but plans and executes an alternative path around the obstacle. KW - Collaborative robot KW - Human-Robot interaction KW - Safety concept KW - Workspace monitoring KW - Path planning Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-21289-0 (Print) ; 978-3-319-21290-6 (E-Book) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21290-6_3 SP - 27 EP - 35 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mottaghy, Darius A1 - Majorowicz, Jacek A1 - Rath, Volker T1 - Ground Surface Temperature Histories Reconstructed from Boreholes in Poland: Implications for Spatial Variability T2 - The Polish Climate in the European Context: An Historical Overview Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-90-481-3167-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3167-9_17 SP - 375 EP - 387 PB - Springer Science+Business Media CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Goeckel, Tom A1 - Schiffer, Stefan A1 - Wagner, Hermann A1 - Lakemeyer, Gerhard T1 - The Video Conference Tool Robot ViCToR T2 - Intelligent Robotics and Applications : 8th International Conference, ICIRA 2015, Portsmouth, UK, August 24-27, 2015, Proceedings, Part II N2 - We present a robotic tool that autonomously follows a conversation to enable remote presence in video conferencing. When humans participate in a meeting with the help of video conferencing tools, it is crucial that they are able to follow the conversation both with acoustic and visual input. To this end, we design and implement a video conferencing tool robot that uses binaural sound source localization as its main source to autonomously orient towards the currently talking speaker. To increase robustness of the acoustic cue against noise we supplement the sound localization with a source detection stage. Also, we include a simple onset detector to retain fast response times. Since we only use two microphones, we are confronted with ambiguities on whether a source is in front or behind the device. We resolve these ambiguities with the help of face detection and additional moves. We tailor the system to our target scenarios in experiments with a four minute scripted conversation. In these experiments we evaluate the influence of different system settings on the responsiveness and accuracy of the device. Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-319-22876-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22876-1_6 N1 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ; 9245 SP - 61 EP - 73 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Srivastava, Alok A1 - Knolle, Friedhart A1 - Hoyler, Friedrich A1 - Scherer, Ulrich W. A1 - Schnug, Ewald T1 - Uranium Toxicity in the State of Punjab in North-Western India T2 - Management of Natural Resources in a Changing Environment N2 - Lately there has been an increasing concern about uranium toxicity in some districts of Punjab State located in the North Western part of India after the publication of a report (Blaurock-Busch et al. 2010) which showed that the concentration of uranium in hair and urine of children suffering from physical deformities, neurological and mental disorder from Malwa region (Fig. 1) of Punjab State was manifold higher than the reference ranges. A train which connects the affected region with the nearby city of Bikaner which has a Cancer Hospital has been nicknamed as Cancer Express due to the frenzy generated on account of uranium related toxicity. Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-319-12559-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12559-6_21 SP - 271 EP - 275 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fissabre, Anke A1 - Wilson, Ariane ED - Feiglstorfer, Hubert T1 - "Lehmbaupropaganda" : On the tradition of earth building literature T2 - Earth Construction and Tradition. Vol. I Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-900265-34-2 SP - 47 EP - 69 PB - IVA Institut für vergleichende Architekturforschung CY - Wien ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pulini, Paola A1 - Gligorevic, Snjezana T1 - WIMAX performance in the airport environment T2 - Multi-carrier systems & solutions 2009. (Lecture notes in electrical engineering ; 41) N2 - In this paper, the multicarrier physical layers of WiMAX are evaluated in the context of airport data links. The orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) cases are applied to the forward link (FL) and reverse link (RL), respectively. The performance of the so called parking and taxi scenarios is presented for airport communications in C-band. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme brings good performance for both the FL and the RL. For the OFDMA case a structure changing called double-tile is also proposed to improve the system performance. Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-90-481-2529-6 (Print) ; 978-90-481-2530-2 (Online) SP - 301 EP - 310 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolff, Nino A1 - Seefeldt, Patric A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang A1 - Fiebig, Christopher A1 - Gerding, Patrick A1 - Parow-Souchon, Kai A1 - Pongs, Anna A1 - Reiffenrath, Matti A1 - Ziemann, Thomas T1 - Alternative application of solar sail technology T2 - Advances in solar sailing N2 - The development of Gossamer sail structures for solar sails contributes to a large field of future space applications like thin film solar generators, membrane antennas and drag sails. The focus of this paper is the development of a drag sail based on solar sail technology that could contribute to a reduction of space debris in low Earth orbits. The drag sail design and its connections to solar sail development, a first test on a sounding rocket, as well as the ongoing integration of the drag sail into a triple CubeSat is presented. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-642-34906-5 (Print) ; 978-3-642-34907-2 (E-Book) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34907-2_23 SP - 351 EP - 365 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gligorevic, Snjezana A1 - Epple, Ulrich A1 - Schnell, Michael T1 - The LDACS1 physical layer design T2 - Future aeronautical communications Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-953-307-625-6 SP - 317 EP - 332 PB - Intech CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kirchner, Patrick A1 - Reisert, Steffen A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Calorimetric gas sensors for hydrogen peroxide monitoring in aseptic food processes T2 - Gas sensing fundamentals. (Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors ; 15) N2 - For the sterilisation of aseptic food packages it is taken advantage of the microbicidal properties of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Especially, when applied in vapour phase, it has shown high potential of microbial inactivation. In addition, it offers a high environmental compatibility compared to other chemical sterilisation agents, as it decomposes into oxygen and water, respectively. Due to a lack in sensory detection possibilities, a continuous monitoring of the H2O2 concentration was recently not available. Instead, the sterilisation efficacy is validated using microbiological tests. However, progresses in the development of calorimetric gas sensors during the last 7 years have made it possible to monitor the H2O2 concentration during operation. This chapter deals with the fundamentals of calorimetric gas sensing with special focus on the detection of gaseous hydrogen peroxide. A sensor principle based on a calorimetric differential set-up is described. Special emphasis is given to the sensor design with respect to the operational requirements under field conditions. The state-of-the-art regarding a sensor set-up for the on-line monitoring and secondly, a miniaturised sensor for in-line monitoring are summarised. Furthermore, alternative detection methods and a novel multi-sensor system for the characterisation of aseptic sterilisation processes are described. KW - Calorimetric gas sensor KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Multi-sensor system Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-642-54518-4 (Print) ; 978-3-642-54519-1 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/5346_2013_51 SP - 279 EP - 309 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pietsch, Wolfram T1 - A framework for strategic positioning of IT-products T2 - Software business : from physical products to software services and solutions : 4th International Conference on Software Business, ICSOB 2013; Potsdam; Germany; 11 June 2013 through 14 June 2013. (Lecture notes in business information processing ; 150) N2 - IT Products are viewed and managed differently depending on the perspectives and the stage within the life cycle. A model is presented that integrates different perspectives and stages serving as an aid for the analysis of business models and focused positioning of IT-products. Four generic business models are analysed with regard to the product management function in general and the positioning field for IT-products specifically: off-the-shelf (license), license plus service, project, and system service (incl. cloud computing). KW - Strategic Business Planning KW - IT Products KW - Business Models KW - Product Management Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39336-5_11 SP - 102 EP - 116 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fissabre, Anke A1 - Niethammer, Bernd ED - Graf, Franz T1 - Early Glazed Curtain Walls and their Preservation T2 - Il vetro nell’architettura del XX secolo : conservazione e restauro = Glass in the 20th Century Architecture : Preservation and Restoration Y1 - 2011 SN - 9788887624502 SP - 185 EP - 199 PB - Mendrisio Academy Press CY - Mendrisio ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kümmell, Steffen A1 - Hillgärtner, Michael T1 - Inductive charging comfortable and nonvisible charging stations for urbanised areas T2 - E-Mobility in Europe : trends and good practice N2 - For a wide acceptance of E-Mobility, a well-developed charging infrastructure is needed. Conductive charging stations, which are today’s state of the art, are of limited suitability for urbanised areas, since they cause a significant diversification in townscape. Furthermore, they might be destroyed by vandalism. Besides for those urbanistic reasons, inductive charging stations are a much more comfortable alternative, especially in urbanised areas. The usage of conductive charging stations requires more or less bulky charging cables. The handling of those standardised charging cables, especially during poor weather conditions, might cause inconvenience, such as dirty clothing etc. Wireless charging does not require visible and vandalism vulnerable charge sticks. No wired connection between charging station and vehicle is needed, which enable the placement below the surface of parking spaces or other points of interest. Inductive charging seems to be the optimal alternative for E-Mobility, as a high power transfer can be realised with a manageable technical and financial effort. For a well-accepted and working public charging infrastructure in urbanised areas it is essential that the infrastructure fits the vehicles’ needs. Hence, a well-adjusted standardisation of the charging infrastructure is essential. This is carried out by several IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) and national standardisation committees. To ensure an optimised technical solution for future’s inductive charging infrastructures, several field tests had been carried out and are planned in near future. KW - E-mobility KW - Inductive charging KW - Charging stations KW - Urban areas Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-319-13193-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13194-8_16 SP - 297 EP - 309 PB - Springer CY - Cham [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seibler, Jost A1 - Schwenk, Frieder T1 - Transgenic RNAi Applications in the Mouse T2 - Methods in Enzymology : Guide to Techniques in Mouse Development, Part B: Mouse Molecular Genetics. 2nd Edition Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-0-12-384880-2 N1 - Methods in Enzymology : Vol. 477 SP - 367 EP - 386 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Dominik A1 - Wisselink, Frank A1 - Czarnecki, Christian A1 - Nölle, Nikolai T1 - Benefits and framework conditions for information-driven business models concerning the Internet of Things T2 - Digitalization in companies N2 - In the context of the increasing digitalization, the Internet of Things (IoT) is seen as a technological driver through which completely new business models can emerge in the interaction of different players. Identified key players include traditional industrial companies, municipalities and telecommunications companies. The latter, by providing connectivity, ensure that small devices with tiny batteries can be connected almost anywhere and directly to the Internet. There are already many IoT use cases on the market that provide simplification for end users, such as Philips Hue Tap. In addition to business models based on connectivity, there is great potential for information-driven business models that can support or enhance existing business models. One example is the IoT use case Park and Joy, which uses sensors to connect parking spaces and inform drivers about available parking spaces in real time. Information-driven business models can be based on data generated in IoT use cases. For example, a telecommunications company can add value by deriving more decision-relevant information – called insights – from data that is used to increase decision agility. In addition, insights can be monetized. The monetization of insights can only be sustainable, if careful attention is taken and frameworks are considered. In this chapter, the concept of information-driven business models is explained and illustrated with the concrete use case Park and Joy. In addition, the benefits, risks and framework conditions are discussed. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-658-39093-8 (Print) SN - 978-3-658-39094-5 (eBook) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39094-5_5 SP - 59 EP - 75 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Are interaction clusters in epileptic networks predictive of seizures? T2 - Epilepsy: The Intersection of Neurosciences, Biology, Mathematics, Engineering, and Physics Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-143983886-0 SP - 349 EP - 355 PB - CRC Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reimer, Lars A1 - Wellmer, Georg A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Ballmann, Josef T1 - Computational methods for aero-structural analysis and optimisation of aircrafts based on reduced-order structural models T2 - MEGADESIGN and MegaOpt - German initiatives for aerodynamic simulation and optimization in aircraft design. Results of the closing symposium of the MEGADESIGN and MegaOpt projects, Braunschweig, Germany, 23 - 24 May, 2007 / Norbert Kroll ... (Eds.) Notes on numerical fluid mechanics and multidisciplinary design. Vol. 107 N2 - In this part of the MEGADESIGN project, aeroelastic effects are introduced into the aerodynamic analysis of aircrafts by coupling DLR’s flow solvers TAU and FLOWer to a Timoshenko-beam solver. The emerging aeroelastic solvers and a method for the automatic identification of Timoshenko-beam models for wing-box structures were integrated into a simulation environment enabling the combined optimisation of aerodynamic wing shape and structure. Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-642-04092-4 SP - 135 EP - 150 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bialonski, Stephan A1 - Lehnertz, Klaus T1 - From time series to complex networks: an overview T2 - Recent Advances in Predicting and Preventing Epileptic Seizures: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Seizure Prediction N2 - The network approach towards the analysis of the dynamics of complex systems has been successfully applied in a multitude of studies in the neurosciences and has yielded fascinating insights. With this approach, a complex system is considered to be composed of different constituents which interact with each other. Interaction structures can be compactly represented in interaction networks. In this contribution, we present a brief overview about how interaction networks are derived from multivariate time series, about basic network characteristics, and about challenges associated with this analysis approach. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-981-4525-36-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814525350_0010 SP - 132 EP - 147 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Busse, Daniel A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Muntaniol, Roman T1 - Thermal management in E-carsharing vehicles - preconditioning concepts of passenger compartments T2 - E-Mobility in Europe : trends and good practice N2 - The issue of thermal management in electric vehicles includes the topics of drivetrain cooling and heating, interior temperature, vehicle body conditioning and safety. In addition to the need to ensure optimal thermal operating conditions of the drivetrain components (drive motor, battery and electrical components), thermal comfort must be provided for the passengers. Thermal comfort is defined as the feeling which expresses the satisfaction of the passengers with the ambient conditions in the compartment. The influencing factors on thermal comfort are the temperature and humidity as well as the speed of the indoor air and the clothing and the activity of the passengers, in addition to the thermal radiation and the temperatures of the interior surfaces. The generation and the maintenance of free visibility (ice- and moisture-free windows) count just as important as on-demand heating and cooling of the entire vehicle. A Carsharing climate concept of the innovative ec2go vehicle stipulates and allows for only seating areas used by passengers to be thermally conditioned in a close-to-body manner. To enable this, a particular feature has been added to the preconditioning of the Carsharing electric vehicle during the electric charging phase at the parking station. KW - Carsharing KW - Thermal management KW - Thermal comfort KW - Electrical vehicle KW - Passenger compartment Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-319-13193-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13194-8_18 SP - 327 EP - 343 PB - Springer CY - Cham [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Giresini, Linda A1 - Butenweg, Christoph T1 - Earthquake resistant design of structures according to Eurocode 8 T2 - Structural Dynamics with Applications in Earthquake and Wind Engineering N2 - The chapter initially provides a summary of the contents of Eurocode 8, its aim being to offer both to the students and to practising engineers an easy introduction into the calculation and dimensioning procedures of this earthquake code. Specifically, the general rules for earthquake-resistant structures, the definition of design response spectra taking behaviour and importance factors into account, the application of linear and non-linear calculation methods and the structural safety verifications at the serviceability and ultimate limit state are presented. The application of linear and non-linear calculation methods and corresponding seismic design rules is demonstrated on practical examples for reinforced concrete, steel and masonry buildings. Furthermore, the seismic assessment of existing buildings is discussed and illustrated on the example of a typical historical masonry building in Italy. The examples are worked out in detail and each step of the design process, from the preliminary analysis to the final design, is explained in detail. KW - Seismic design KW - Eurocode 8 KW - Design examples KW - Response spectrum KW - Pushover analysis Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-662-57550-5 (Online) SN - 978-3-662-57548-2 (Print) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57550-5_4 SP - 197 EP - 358 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tran, Thanh Ngoc A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - Uncertainty multimode failure and shakedown analysis of shells T2 - Direct methods for limit and shakedown analysis of structures / eds. Paolo Fuschi ... N2 - This paper presents a numerical procedure for reliability analysis of thin plates and shells with respect to plastic collapse or to inadaptation. The procedure involves a deterministic shakedown analysis for each probabilistic iteration, which is based on the upper bound approach and the use of the exact Ilyushin yield surface. Probabilistic shakedown analysis deals with uncertainties originated from the loads, material strength and thickness of the shell. Based on a direct definition of the limit state function, the calculation of the failure probability may be efficiently solved by using the First and Second Order Reliability Methods (FORM and SORM). The problem of reliability of structural systems (series systems) is handled by the application of a special technique which permits to find all the design points corresponding to all the failure modes. Studies show, in this case, that it improves considerably the FORM and SORM results. KW - Limit analysis KW - Shakedown analysis KW - Reliability analysis KW - Multimode failure KW - Non-linear optimization Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-319-12927-3 (print) ; 978-3-319-12928-0 (online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12928-0_14 SP - 279 EP - 298 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dachwald, Bernd A1 - Boehnhardt, Herrmann A1 - Broj, Ulrich A1 - Geppert, Ulrich R. M. E. A1 - Grundmann, Jan-Thimo A1 - Seboldt, Wolfgang A1 - Seefeldt, Patric A1 - Spietz, Peter A1 - Johnson, Les A1 - Kührt, Ekkehard A1 - Mottola, Stefano A1 - Macdonald, Malcolm A1 - McInnes, Colin R. A1 - Vasile, Massimiliano A1 - Reinhard, Ruedeger T1 - Gossamer roadmap technology reference study for a multiple NEO Rendezvous Mission T2 - Advances in solar sailing N2 - A technology reference study for a multiple near-Earth object (NEO) rendezvous mission with solar sailcraft is currently carried out by the authors of this paper. The investigated mission builds on previous concepts, but adopts a strong micro-spacecraft philosophy based on the DLR/ESA Gossamer technology. The main scientific objective of the mission is to explore the diversity of NEOs. After direct interplanetary insertion, the solar sailcraft should—within less than 10 years—rendezvous three NEOs that are not only scientifically interesting, but also from the point of human spaceight and planetary defense. In this paper, the objectives of the study are outlined and a preliminary potential mission profile is presented. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-642-34906-5 (Print) ; 978-3-642-34907-2 (E-Book) SP - 211 EP - 226 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Boucke, Alexander A1 - Ballmann, Josef T1 - Numerical study of the influence of dynamic pressure and deflected ailerons on the deformation of a high speed wing model T2 - High performance computing in science and engineering '04. Transactions of the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) 2004 / Eds.: Egon Krause ... Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-540-22943-4 SP - 225 EP - 236 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Abele, Daniel A1 - Kleefeld, Andreas ED - Constanda, Christian T1 - New Numerical Results for the Optimization of Neumann Eigenvalues T2 - Computational and Analytic Methods in Science and Engineering N2 - We present new numerical results for shape optimization problems of interior Neumann eigenvalues. This field is not well understood from a theoretical standpoint. The existence of shape maximizers is not proven beyond the first two eigenvalues, so we study the problem numerically. We describe a method to compute the eigenvalues for a given shape that combines the boundary element method with an algorithm for nonlinear eigenvalues. As numerical optimization requires many such evaluations, we put a focus on the efficiency of the method and the implemented routine. The method is well suited for parallelization. Using the resulting fast routines and a specialized parametrization of the shapes, we found improved maxima for several eigenvalues. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-48185-8 (Print) SN - 978-3-030-48186-5 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48186-5_1 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Birkhäuser CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Niemüller, Tim A1 - Ewert, Daniel A1 - Reuter, Sebastian A1 - Ferrein, Alexander A1 - Jeschke, Sabina A1 - Lakemeyer, Gerhard T1 - RoboCup logistics league sponsored by festo: A competitive factory automation testbed T2 - RoboCup 2013: Robot World Cup XVII : Eindhoven; Netherlands; 1 July 2013 through 1 July 2013. (Lecture notes in computer science ; 8371) N2 - A new trend in automation is to deploy so-called cyber-physical systems (CPS) which combine computation with physical processes. The novel RoboCup Logistics League Sponsored by Festo (LLSF) aims at such CPS logistic scenarios in an automation setting. A team of robots has to produce products from a number of semi-finished products which they have to machine during the game. Different production plans are possible and the robots need to recycle scrap byproducts. This way, the LLSF is a very interesting league offering a number of challenging research questions for planning, coordination, or communication in an application-driven scenario. In this paper, we outline the objectives of the LLSF and present steps for developing the league further towards a benchmark for logistics scenarios for CPS. As a major milestone we present the new automated referee system which helps in governing the game play as well as keeping track of the scored points in a very complex factory scenario. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-44467-2 (Print) 978-3-662-44468-9 (Online) SP - 336 EP - 347 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tran, Thanh Ngoc A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - Shakedown analysis of Reissner-Mindlin plates using the edge-based smoothed finite element method T2 - Direct methods for limit states in structures and materials / Dieter Weichert ; Alan Ponter, ed. N2 - This paper concerns the development of a primal-dual algorithm for limit and shakedown analysis of Reissner-Mindlin plates made of von Mises material. At each optimization iteration, the lower bound of the shakedown load multiplier is calculated simultaneously with the upper bound using the duality theory. An edge-based smoothed finite element method (ES-FEM) combined with the discrete shear gap (DSG) technique is used to improve the accuracy of the solutions and to avoid the transverse shear locking behaviour. The method not only possesses all inherent features of convergence and accuracy from ES-FEM, but also ensures that the total number of variables in the optimization problem is kept to a minimum compared with the standard finite element formulation. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present method. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-94-007-6826-0 (Print) 978-94-007-6827-7 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6827-7_5 SP - 101 EP - 117 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Heitzer, Michael ED - Staat, Manfred ED - Heitzer, Michael T1 - Probabilistic limit and shakedown problems T2 - Numerical methods for limit and shakedown analysis. Deterministic and probabilistic problems Y1 - 2003 SN - 3-00-010001-6 N1 - NIC Series VL - 15 SP - 217 EP - 268 PB - John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC) CY - Jülich ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard A1 - Alexopoulos, Spiros A1 - Göttsche, Joachim A1 - Sauerborn, Markus T1 - High concentration solar collectors T2 - Comprehensive renewable energy / ed. Ali Sayigh. Vol. 3: Solar thermal systems: components and applications N2 - Solar thermal concentrated power is an emerging technology that provides clean electricity for the growing energy market. To the solar thermal concentrated power plant systems belong the parabolic trough, the Fresnel collector, the solar dish, and the central receiver system. For high-concentration solar collector systems, optical and thermal analysis is essential. There exist a number of measurement techniques and systems for the optical and thermal characterization of the efficiency of solar thermal concentrated systems. For each system, structure, components, and specific characteristics types are described. The chapter presents additionally an outline for the calculation of system performance and operation and maintenance topics. One main focus is set to the models of components and their construction details as well as different types on the market. In the later part of this chapter, different criteria for the choice of technology are analyzed in detail. KW - Central receiver system KW - Concentrated solar collector KW - Fresnel collector KW - Optical and thermal analysis KW - Solar concentration Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-0-08-087873-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-087872-0.00306-1 VL - 3 SP - 165 EP - 209 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tran, N. T. A1 - Tran, Thanh Ngoc A1 - Matthies, M. G. A1 - Stavroulakis, G. E. A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - Shakedown Analysis Under Stochastic Uncertainty by Chance Constrained Programming T2 - Advances in Direct Methods for Materials and Structures N2 - In this paper we propose a stochastic programming method to analyse limit and shakedown of structures under uncertainty condition of strength. Based on the duality theory, the shakedown load multiplier formulated by the kinematic theorem is proved actually to be the dual form of the shakedown load multiplier formulated by static theorem. In this investigation a dual chance constrained programming algorithm is developed to calculate simultaneously both the upper and lower bounds of the plastic collapse limit and the shakedown limit. The edge-based smoothed finite element method (ES-FEM) with three-node linear triangular elements is used for structural analysis. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-319-59810-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59810-9_6 SP - 85 EP - 103 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Duwe, A. A1 - Tippkötter, Nils A1 - Ulber, Roland T1 - Lignocellulose-Biorefinery: Ethanol-Focused T2 - Biorefineries N2 - The development prospects of the world markets for petroleum and other liquid fuels are diverse and partly contradictory. However, comprehensive changes for the energy supply of the future are essential. Notwithstanding the fact that there are still very large deposits of energy resources from a geological point of view, the finite nature of conventional oil reserves is indisputable. To reduce our dependence on oil, the EU, the USA, and other major economic zones rely on energy diversification. For this purpose, alternative materials and technologies are being sought, and is most obvious in the transport sector. The objective is to progressively replace fossil fuels with renewable and more sustainable fuels. In this respect, biofuels have a pre-eminent position in terms of their capability of blending with fossil fuels and being usable in existing cars without substantial modification. Ethanol can be considered as the primary renewable liquid fuel. In this chapter enzymes, micro-organisms, and processes for ethanol production based on renewable resources are described. KW - Bioethanol KW - Biorefinery KW - Lignocellulose feedstook Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2016_72 N1 - Part of the Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology book series (ABE,volume 166) SP - 177 EP - 215 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knott, Thomas C. A1 - Sofronia, Raluca E. A1 - Gerressen, Marcus A1 - Law, Yuen A1 - Davidescu, Arjana A1 - Savii, George G. A1 - Gatzweiler, Karl-Heinz A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Kuhlen, Torsten W. T1 - Preliminary bone sawing model for a virtual reality-based training simulator of bilateral sagittal split osteotomy T2 - Biomedical simulation : 6th International Symposium, ISBMS 2014, Strasbourg, France, October 16-17, 2014 : proceedings (Lecture notes in computer science : vol. 8789) N2 - Successful bone sawing requires a high level of skill and experience, which could be gained by the use of Virtual Reality-based simulators. A key aspect of these medical simulators is realistic force feedback. The aim of this paper is to model the bone sawing process in order to develop a valid training simulator for the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, the most often applied corrective surgery in case of a malposition of the mandible. Bone samples from a human cadaveric mandible were tested using a designed experimental system. Image processing and statistical analysis were used for the selection of four models for the bone sawing process. The results revealed a polynomial dependency between the material removal rate and the applied force. Differences between the three segments of the osteotomy line and between the cortical and cancellous bone were highlighted. KW - Bone sawing KW - virtual reality KW - training simulator Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-319-12057-7 (Online) SN - 978-3-319-12056-0 (Print) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12057-7_1 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Muffler, Kai A1 - Tippkötter, Nils A1 - Ulber, Roland ED - Timmis, Kenneth N. T1 - Chemical feedstocks and fine chemicals from other substrates T2 - Handbook of hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology. Volume 4: Consequences of microbial interactions with hydrocarbons, oils and lipids. - (Springer reference) Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-540-77588-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-540-77587-4_214 SP - 2891 EP - 2902 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Macdonald, Malcolm A1 - McGrath, C. A1 - Appourchaux, T. A1 - Dachwald, Bernd A1 - Finsterle, W. A1 - Gizon, L. A1 - Liewer, P. C. A1 - McInnes, Colin R. A1 - Mengali, G. A1 - Seboldt, Wolfgang A1 - Sekii, T. A1 - Solanki, S. K. A1 - Velli, M. A1 - Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F. A1 - Spietz, Peter A1 - Reinhard, Ruedeger ED - Macdonald, Malcolm T1 - Gossamer roadmap technology reference study for a solar polar mission T2 - Advances in solar sailing N2 - A technology reference study for a solar polar mission is presented. The study uses novel analytical methods to quantify the mission design space including the required sail performance to achieve a given solar polar observation angle within a given timeframe and thus to derive mass allocations for the remaining spacecraft sub-systems, that is excluding the solar sail sub-system. A parametric, bottom-up, system mass budget analysis is then used to establish the required sail technology to deliver a range of science payloads, and to establish where such payloads can be delivered to within a given timeframe. It is found that a solar polar mission requires a solar sail of side-length 100–125 m to deliver a ‘sufficient value’ minimum science payload, and that a 2.5 μm sail film substrate is typically required, however the design is much less sensitive to the boom specific mass. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-642-34906-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34907-2_17 SP - 243 EP - 257 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Golland, Alexander T1 - Struggling with users’ consent: Economic approach to solve the issue of coupling T2 - Turning Point in Data Protection Law Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8487-6909-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748921561-121 SP - 121 EP - 126 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hinke, Christian A1 - Vervier, Luisa A1 - Brauner, Philipp A1 - Schneider, Sebastian A1 - Steuer-Dankert, Linda A1 - Ziefle, Martina A1 - Leicht-Scholten, Carmen T1 - Capability configuration in next generation manufacturing T2 - Forecasting next generation manufacturing : digital shadows, human-machine collaboration, and data-driven business models N2 - Industrial production systems are facing radical change in multiple dimensions. This change is caused by technological developments and the digital transformation of production, as well as the call for political and social change to facilitate a transformation toward sustainability. These changes affect both the capabilities of production systems and companies and the design of higher education and educational programs. Given the high uncertainty in the likelihood of occurrence and the technical, economic, and societal impacts of these concepts, we conducted a technology foresight study, in the form of a real-time Delphi analysis, to derive reliable future scenarios featuring the next generation of manufacturing systems. This chapter presents the capabilities dimension and describes each projection in detail, offering current case study examples and discussing related research, as well as implications for policy makers and firms. Specifically, we discuss the benefits of capturing expert knowledge and making it accessible to newcomers, especially in highly specialized industries. The experts argue that in order to cope with the challenges and circumstances of today’s world, students must already during their education at university learn how to work with AI and other technologies. This means that study programs must change and that universities must adapt their structural aspects to meet the needs of the students. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-031-07733-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07734-0_6 SP - 95 EP - 106 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Meskouris, Konstantin A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Hinzen, Klaus-G. A1 - Höffer, Rüdiger T1 - Stochasticity of Wind Processes and Spectral Analysis of Structural Gust Response T2 - Structural Dynamics with Applications in Earthquake and Wind Engineering N2 - Wind loads have great impact on many engineering structures. Wind storms often cause irreparable damage to the buildings which are exposed to it. Along with the earthquakes, wind represents one of the most common environmental load on structures and is relevant for limit state design. Modern wind codes indicate calculation procedures allowing engineers to deal with structural systems, which are susceptible to conduct wind-excited oscillations. In the codes approximate formulas for wind buffeting are specified which relate the dynamic problem to rather abstract parameter functions. The complete theory behind is not visible in order to simplify the applicability of the procedures. This chapter derives the underlying basic relations of the spectral method for wind buffeting and explains the main important applications of it in order to elucidate part of the theoretical background of computations after the new codes. The stochasticity of the wind processes is addressed, and the analysis of analytical as well as measurement based power spectra is outlined. Short MATLAB codes are added to the Appendix 3 which carry out the computation of a single sided auto-spectrum from a statistically stationary, discrete stochastic process. Two examples are presented. KW - Wind turbulence KW - Gust wind response KW - Spectral analysis Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-662-57550-5 (Online) SN - 978-3-662-57548-2 (Print) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57550-5_3 SP - 153 EP - 196 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Akimbekov, Nuraly S. A1 - Kistaubayeva, Aida A1 - Zhubanova, Azhar A. ED - Artmann, Gerhard ED - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül ED - Zhubanova, Azhar A. ED - Digel, Ilya T1 - Microbial Sampling from Dry Surfaces: Current Challenges and Solutions T2 - Biological, Physical and Technical Basics of Cell Engineering N2 - Sampling of dry surfaces for microorganisms is a main component of microbiological safety and is of critical importance in many fields including epidemiology, astrobiology as well as numerous branches of medical and food manufacturing. Aspects of biofilm formation, analysis and removal in aqueous solutions have been thoroughly discussed in literature. In contrast, microbial communities on air-exposed (dry) surfaces have received significantly less attention. Diverse surface sampling methods have been developed in order to address various surfaces and microbial groups, but they notoriously show poor repeatability, low recovery rates and suffer from lack of mutual consistency. Quantitative sampling for viable microorganisms represents a particular challenge, especially on porous and irregular surfaces. Therefore, it is essential to examine in depth the factors involved in microorganisms’ recovery efficiency and accuracy depending on the sampling technique used. Microbial colonization, retention and community composition on different dry surfaces are very complex and rely on numerous physicochemical and biological factors. This study is devoted to analyze and review the (a) physical phenomena and intermolecular forces relevant for microbiological surface sampling; (b) challenges and problems faced by existing sampling methods for viable microorganisms and (c) current directions of engineering and research aimed at improvement of quality and efficiency of microbiological surface sampling. KW - Sampling methods KW - Surface microorganisms KW - Dry surfaces KW - Microbial adhesion KW - Swabbing Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-981-10-7904-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7904-7_19 SP - 421 EP - 456 PB - Springer CY - Singapore ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Heitzer, M. T1 - Basis reduction technique for limit and shakedown problems T2 - Numerical Methods for Limit and Shakedown Analysis. Deterministic and Probabilistic Approach. NIC Series Vol. 15 / Ed. by Staat, M.; Heitzer, M. Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0001-2018112115 SN - 3-00-010001-6 SP - 1 EP - 55 PB - John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC) CY - Jülich ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Striebing, Clemens A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Schraudner, Martina A1 - Gewinner, Irina Valerie A1 - Guerrero Morales, Patricia A1 - Hochfeld, Katharina A1 - Hoffman, Shekinah A1 - Kmec, Julie A. A1 - Nguyen, Huu Minh A1 - Schneider, Jannick A1 - Sheridan, Jennifer A1 - Steuer-Dankert, Linda A1 - Trimble O'Connor, Lindsey A1 - Vandevelde-Rougale, Agnès T1 - Promoting diversity and combatting discrimination in research organizations: a practitioner’s guide T2 - Diversity and discrimination in research organizations N2 - The essay is addressed to practitioners in research management and from academic leadership. It describes which measures can contribute to creating an inclusive climate for research teams and preventing and effectively dealing with discrimination. The practical recommendations consider the policy and organizational levels, as well as the individual perspective of research managers. Following a series of basic recommendations, six lessons learned are formulated, derived from the contributions to the edited collection on “Diversity and Discrimination in Research Organizations.” KW - Inclusive work climate KW - lessons learned KW - policy recommendations KW - recommendations for actions KW - bullying Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-80117-959-1 (Print) SN - 978-1-80117-956-0 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-956-020221012 SP - 421 EP - 442 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steuer-Dankert, Linda A1 - Leicht-Scholten, Carmen T1 - Perceiving diversity : an explorative approach in a complex research organization. T2 - Diversity and discrimination in research organizations N2 - Diversity management is seen as a decisive factor for ensuring the development of socially responsible innovations (Beacham and Shambaugh, 2011; Sonntag, 2014; López, 2015; Uebernickel et al., 2015). However, many diversity management approaches fail due to a one-sided consideration of diversity (Thomas and Ely, 2019) and a lacking linkage between the prevailing organizational culture and the perception of diversity in the respective organization. Reflecting the importance of diverse perspectives, research institutions have a special responsibility to actively deal with diversity, as they are publicly funded institutions that drive socially relevant development and educate future generations of developers, leaders and decision-makers. Nevertheless, only a few studies have so far dealt with the influence of the special framework conditions of the science system on diversity management. Focusing on the interdependency of the organizational culture and diversity management especially in a university research environment, this chapter aims in a first step to provide a theoretical perspective on the framework conditions of a complex research organization in Germany in order to understand the system-specific factors influencing diversity management. In a second step, an exploratory cluster analysis is presented, investigating the perception of diversity and possible influencing factors moderating this perception in a scientific organization. Combining both steps, the results show specific mechanisms and structures of the university research environment that have an impact on diversity management and rigidify structural barriers preventing an increase of diversity. The quantitative study also points out that the management level takes on a special role model function in the scientific system and thus has an influence on the perception of diversity. Consequently, when developing diversity management approaches in research organizations, it is necessary to consider the top-down direction of action, the special nature of organizational structures in the university research environment as well as the special role of the professorial level as role model for the scientific staff. KW - Diversity management KW - Organizational culture KW - Change management KW - Psychological concepts KW - Perception Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-80117-959-1 (Print) SN - 978-1-80117-956-0 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-956-020221010 SP - 365 EP - 392 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Niendorf, Thoralf A1 - Winter, Lukas A1 - Frauenrath, Tobias ED - Millis, Richard T1 - Electrocardiogram in an MRI environment: Clinical needs, practical considerations, safety implications, technical solutions and fFuture directions T2 - Advances in Electrocardiograms - Methods and Analysis Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-953-307-923-3 (print) SN - 978-953-51-6762-4 (eBook) U6 - https://doi.org/10.5772/24340 SP - 309 EP - 324 PB - IntechOpen CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Baier, Ralph A1 - Brauner, Philipp A1 - Brillowski, Florian A1 - Dammers, Hannah A1 - Liehner, Luca A1 - Pütz, Sebastian A1 - Schneider, Sebastian A1 - Schollemann, Alexander A1 - Steuer-Dankert, Linda A1 - Vervier, Luisa A1 - Gries, Thomas A1 - Leicht-Scholten, Carmen A1 - Mertens, Alexander A1 - Nagel, Saskia K. A1 - Schuh, Günther A1 - Ziefle, Martina A1 - Nitsch, Verena ED - Brecher, Christian ED - Schuh, Günther ED - van der Alst, Wil ED - Jarke, Matthias ED - Piller, Frank T. ED - Padberg, Melanie T1 - Human-centered work design for the internet of production T2 - Internet of production - fundamentals, applications and proceedings N2 - Like all preceding transformations of the manufacturing industry, the large-scale usage of production data will reshape the role of humans within the sociotechnical production ecosystem. To ensure that this transformation creates work systems in which employees are empowered, productive, healthy, and motivated, the transformation must be guided by principles of and research on human-centered work design. Specifically, measures must be taken at all levels of work design, ranging from (1) the work tasks to (2) the working conditions to (3) the organizational level and (4) the supra-organizational level. We present selected research across all four levels that showcase the opportunities and requirements that surface when striving for human-centered work design for the Internet of Production (IoP). (1) On the work task level, we illustrate the user-centered design of human-robot collaboration (HRC) and process planning in the composite industry as well as user-centered design factors for cognitive assistance systems. (2) On the working conditions level, we present a newly developed framework for the classification of HRC workplaces. (3) Moving to the organizational level, we show how corporate data can be used to facilitate best practice sharing in production networks, and we discuss the implications of the IoP for new leadership models. Finally, (4) on the supra-organizational level, we examine overarching ethical dimensions, investigating, e.g., how the new work contexts affect our understanding of responsibility and normative values such as autonomy and privacy. Overall, these interdisciplinary research perspectives highlight the importance and necessary scope of considering the human factor in the IoP. KW - Responsibility KW - Privacy KW - Digital leadership KW - Best practice sharing KW - Cognitive assistance system KW - Human-robot collaboration KW - Human-centered work design Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-030-98062-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98062-7_19-1 N1 - Part of the book series: Interdisciplinary Excellence Accelerator Series (IDEAS) SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hahn, Thomas A1 - Kelly, Svenja A1 - Muffler, Kai A1 - Tippkötter, Nils A1 - Ulber, Roland ED - Hans-Jörg, Bart ED - Pilz, Stephan T1 - Extraction of lignocellulose and algae for the production of bulk and fine chemicals T2 - Industrial scale natural products extraction Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-527-32504-7 (Print) SN - 978-3-527-63512-2 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527635122 SP - 221 EP - 245 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Osterhage, Hannes A1 - Bialonski, Stephan A1 - Staniek, Matthäus A1 - Schindler, Kaspar A1 - Wagner, Tobias A1 - Elger, Christian E. A1 - Lehnertz, Klaus T1 - Bivariate and multivariate time series analysis techniques and their potential impact for seizure prediction T2 - Seizure Prediction in Epilepsy: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Applications Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-3-527-62519-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527625192.ch15 SP - 189 EP - 208 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leicht-Scholten, Carmen A1 - Steuer-Dankert, Linda T1 - Educating engineers for socially responsible solutions through design thinking T2 - Design thinking in higher education: interdisciplinary encounters N2 - There is a broad international discussion about rethinking engineering education in order to educate engineers to cope with future challenges, and particularly the sustainable development goals. In this context, there is a consensus about the need to shift from a mostly technical paradigm to a more holistic problem-based approach, which can address the social embeddedness of technology in society. Among the strategies suggested to address this social embeddedness, design thinking has been proposed as an essential complement to engineering precisely for this purpose. This chapter describes the requirements for integrating the design thinking approach in engineering education. We exemplify the requirements and challenges by presenting our approach based on our course experiences at RWTH Aachen University. The chapter first describes the development of our approach of integrating design thinking in engineering curricula, how we combine it with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) as well as the role of sustainability and social responsibility in engineering. Secondly, we present the course “Expanding Engineering Limits: Culture, Diversity, and Gender” at RWTH Aachen University. We describe the necessity to theoretically embed the method in social and cultural context, giving students the opportunity to reflect on cultural, national, or individual “engineering limits,” and to be able to overcome them using design thinking as a next step for collaborative project work. The paper will suggest that the successful implementation of design thinking as a method in engineering education needs to be framed and contextualized within Science and Technology Studies (STS). Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-981-15-5780-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5780-4 SP - 229 EP - 246 PB - Springer CY - Singapore ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Evers, Jörg A1 - Fleischhaker, Robert A1 - Pálffy, A. A1 - Keitel, C. T1 - Light propagation : From atomic to nuclear quantum optics T2 - Modern optics and photonics: atoms and structured media Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-981431327-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814313278_0001 SP - 3 EP - 15 PB - World Scientific Publishing Co. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolf, C. Roland A1 - Kapelyukh, Yury A1 - Scheer, Nico A1 - Henderson, Colin J. ED - Wilson, Alan G. E. T1 - Application of Humanised and Other Transgenic Models to Predict Human Responses to Drugs N2 - The use of transgenic animal models has transformed our knowledge of complex biochemical pathways in vivo. It has allowed disease processes to be modelled and used in the development of new disease prevention and treatment strategies. They can also be used to define cell- and tissue-specific pathways of gene regulation. A further major application is in the area of preclinical development where such models can be used to define pathways of chemical toxicity, and the pathways that regulate drug disposition. One major application of this approach is the humanisation of mice for the proteins that control drug metabolism and disposition. Such models can have numerous applications in the development of drugs and in their more sophisticated use in the clinic. Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-78262-778-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/9781782622376-00152 SP - 152 EP - 176 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Henderson, Colin J. A1 - Wolf, C. Roland A1 - Scheer, Nico ED - Woolf, Thomas F. T1 - The use of transgenic animals to study drug metabolism T2 - Handbook of Drug Metabolism. 2nd Edition Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-1-4200-7647-9 SP - 637 EP - 658 PB - Informa Healthcare CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franzen, Julian A1 - Stecken, Jannis A1 - Pfaff, Raphael A1 - Kuhlenkötter, Bernd T1 - Using the Digital Shadow for a Prescriptive Optimization of Maintenance and Operation : The Locomotive in the Context of the Cyber-Physical System T2 - Advances in Production, Logistics and Traffic N2 - In competition with other modes of transport, rail freight transport is looking for solutions to become more attractive. Short-term success can be achieved through the data-driven optimization of operations and maintenance as well as the application of novel strategies such as prescriptive maintenance. After introducing the concept of prescriptive maintenance, this paper aims to prove that vehicle-focused applications of this approach indeed have the potential to increase attractiveness. However, even greater advantages can be activated if data from the horizontal network of the vehicle is available. Drawing on the state of the art in research and technology in the field of cyber-physical systems (CPS) as well as digital twins and shadows, our work serves to design a system of systems for the horizontal interconnection of a rail vehicle and to conceptualize a draft for a digital twin of a locomotive. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-030-13535-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13535-5_19 SP - 265 EP - 276 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Samuelsson, K. A1 - Scheer, Nico A1 - Wilson, I. A1 - Wolf, C.R. A1 - Henderson, C.J. ED - Chackalamannil, Samuel T1 - Genetically Humanized Animal Models T2 - Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III. 3rd Edition N2 - Genetically humanized mice for proteins involved in drug metabolism and toxicity and mice engrafted with human hepatocytes are emerging as promising in vivo models for improved prediction of the pharmacokinetic, drug–drug interaction, and safety characteristics of compounds in humans. This is an overview on the genetically humanized and chimeric liver-humanized mouse models, which are illustrated with examples of their utility in drug metabolism and toxicity studies. The models are compared to give guidance for selection of the most appropriate model by highlighting advantages and disadvantages to be carefully considered when used for studies in drug discovery and development. KW - Chimeric liver-humanized mice KW - Drug distribution KW - Drug metabolism KW - Toxicology KW - Knockout mice Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-0-12-803201-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.12376-5 SP - 130 EP - 149 PB - Elsevier CY - Saint Louis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Scheer, Nico A1 - Chu, Xiaoyan A1 - Salphati, Laurent A1 - Zamek-Gliszczynski, Maciej J. ED - Nicholls, Glynis T1 - Knockout and humanized animal models to study membrane transporters in drug development T2 - Drug Transporters: Volume 1: Role and Importance in ADME and Drug Development Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-78262-379-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/9781782623793-00298 SP - 298 EP - 332 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Matcha, Heike A1 - Barczik, Günter ED - Valena, Tomas ED - Avermaete, Tom ED - Vrachliotis, Georg T1 - Mass Diversity: Individualized housing via parametric typology T2 - Structuralism Reloaded? Rule-Based Design in Architecture and Urbanism Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-936681-47-5 SP - 354 EP - 358 PB - Edition Axel Menges CY - Fellbach ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bozakov, Zdravko A1 - Sander, Volker T1 - OpenFlow: A Perspective for Building Versatile Networks T2 - Network-Embedded Management and Applications Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-1-4419-6769-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6769-5_11 SP - 217 EP - 245 PB - Springer CY - New York, NY ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fateri, Miranda A1 - Gebhardt, Andreas T1 - Introduction to Additive Manufacturing T2 - 3D Printing of Optical Components N2 - Additive manufacturing (AM) works by creating objects layer by layer in a manner similar to a 2D printer with the “printed” layers stacked on top of each other. The layer-wise manufacturing nature of AM enables fabrication of freeform geometries which cannot be fabricated using conventional manufacturing methods as a one part. Depending on how each layer is created and bonded to the adjacent layers, different AM methods have been developed. In this chapter, the basic terms, common materials, and different methods of AM are described, and their potential applications are discussed. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - 3D printing KW - Digital manufacturing KW - Rapid prototyping KW - Rapid manufacturing Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-58960-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58960-8_1 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gebhardt, Andreas A1 - Hoetter, Jan-Steffen T1 - Rapid Tooling T2 - CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-662-53120-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53120-4 SP - 39 EP - 52 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Barnat, Miriam A1 - Bosse, Elke A1 - Tight, Malcolm T1 - The Guiding Role of Theory in Mixed-Methods Research: Combining Individual and Institutional Perspectives on the Transition to Higher Education T2 - Theory and Method in Higher Education Research. Vol 3 N2 - The methodological discourse of mixed-methods research offers general procedures to combine quantitative and qualitative methods for investigating complex fields of research such as higher education. However, integrating different methods still poses considerable challenges. To move beyond general recommendations for mixed-methods research, this chapter proposes to discuss methodological issues with respect to a particular research domain. Taking current studies on the transition to higher education as an example, the authors first provide an overview of the potentials and limitations of quantitative and qualitative methods in the research domain. Second, they show the need for a conceptual framework grounded in the theory of the research object to guide the integration of different methods and findings. Finally, an example study that investigates transition with regard to the interplay of the individual student and the institutional context serves to illustrate the guiding role of theory. The framework integrates different theoretical perspectives on transition, informs the selection of the research methods, and defines the nexus of the two strands that constitute the mixed-methods design. As the interplay of individual and context is of concern for teaching and learning in general, the example presented may be fruitful for the wider field of higher education research. KW - Quantitative research KW - Mixed-Methods Research KW - Transition KW - Students KW - Higher education Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-78743-222-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/S2056-375220170000003001 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wilke, Thomas ED - Merlotti, Andrea T1 - Planning Process of the Di Castellamonte’s Chapel of the Holy Shroud T2 - Carlo e Amedeo di Castellamonte : 1571-1683, ingegneri e architetti per i duchi di Savoia Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-88-98229-57-4 N1 - Architettura e potere ; 4 SP - 141 EP - 152 PB - Campisano editore CY - Rom ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Drumm, Christian A1 - Lemcke, Jens A1 - Oberle, Daniel T1 - Business Process Management And Semantic Technologies T2 - The Semantic Web Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-0-387-48531-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-48531-7_10 SP - 207 EP - 239 PB - Springer CY - Boston, MA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin T1 - Names of individuals T2 - European Encyclopedia of Private International Law Y1 - 2017 SN - 9781782547228 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin T1 - Small Claims Regulation T2 - European Encyclopedia of Private International Law Y1 - 2017 SN - 9781782547228 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin ED - Calliess, Gralf-Peter T1 - Art. 5 Rom III-Regulation (choice of applicable law by the parties) T2 - Rome Regulations : commentary Y1 - 2015 SN - 9789041147547 PB - Wolters Kluwer ET - 2nd ed. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Calliess, Gralf-Peter A1 - Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin T1 - Art. 6 Rome III-Regulation (consent and material validity) T2 - Rome Regulations : commentary Y1 - 2015 SN - 9789041147547 PB - Wolters Kluwer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin ED - Colliess, Gralf-Peter T1 - Art. 7 Rome III-Regulation (formal validity) T2 - Rome Regulations : commentary Y1 - 2015 SN - 9789041147547 PB - Wolters Kluwer ET - 2nd ed. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rao, Deepak A1 - Pathrose, Plato A1 - Hüning, Felix A1 - Sid, Jithin T1 - An Approach for Validating Safety of Perception Software in Autonomous Driving Systems T2 - Model-Based Safety and Assessment: 6th International Symposium, IMBSA 2019, Thessaloniki, Greece, October 16–18, 2019, Proceedings N2 - The increasing complexity of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) presents a challenging task to validate safe and reliable performance of these systems under varied conditions. The test and validation of ADAS/AD with real test drives, although important, involves huge costs and time. Simulation tools provide an alternative with the added advantage of reproducibility but often use ideal sensors, which do not reflect real sensor output accurately. This paper presents a new validation methodology using fault injection, as recommended by the ISO 26262 standard, to test software and system robustness. In our work, we investigated and developed a tool capable of inserting faults at different software and system levels to verify its robustness. The scope of this paper is to cover the fault injection test for the Visteon’s DriveCore™ system, a centralized domain controller for Autonomous driving which is sensor agnostic and SoC agnostic. With this new approach, the validation of safety monitoring functionality and its behavior can be tested using real-world data instead of synthetic data from simulation tools resulting in having better confidence in system performance before proceeding with in-vehicle testing. KW - Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS/AD) KW - ISO 26262 KW - Safety-critical systems validation KW - Safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-030-32872-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32872-6_20 SP - 303 EP - 316 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ernhardt, Selina A1 - Drumm, Christian A1 - van Gog, Tamara A1 - Brand-Gruwel, Saskia A1 - Jarodzka, Halszka T1 - Through the eyes of a programmer : a research project on how to foster programming education with eye-tracking technology T2 - Tagungsband zur 32. AKWI-Jahrestagung vom 15.09.2019 bis 18.09.2019 an der Fachhochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Aachen Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-944330-62-4 SP - 42 EP - 47 PB - Mana-Buch CY - Heide ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Azat, Seitkhan A1 - Kerimkulova, Almagul R. A1 - Mansurov, Zulkhair A. A1 - Adekenov, Sergazy A1 - Artmann, Gerhard T1 - The Use of Fusicoccin as Anticancer Compound T2 - Carbon Nanomaterials in Biomedicine and the Environment N2 - The problem of creation and use of sorption materials is of current interest for the practice of the modern medicine and agriculture. Practical importance is production of a biostimulant using a carbon sorbent for a significant increase in productivity, which is very relevant for the regions of Kazakhstan. It is known that a plant phytohormone—fusicoccin—in nanogram concentrations transforms cancer cells to the state of apoptosis. In this regard, there is a scientific practical interest in the development of a highly efficient method for producing fusicoccin from extract of germinated wheat seeds. According to the results of computer modeling, cleaning composite components of fusicoccin using microporous carbon adsorbents not suitable as the size of the molecule of fusicoccin more than micropores and the optimum pore size for purification of constituents of fusicoccin was determined by computer simulation. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-0-429-42864-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429428647-8 SP - 149 EP - 172 PB - Jenny Stanford Publishing CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Tim M. A1 - Altherr, Lena A1 - Ahola, Marja A1 - Schabel, Samuel A1 - Pelz, Peter F. T1 - Optimizing pressure screen systems in paper recycling: optimal system layout, component selection and operation N2 - Around 60% of the paper worldwide is made from recovered paper. Especially adhesive contaminants, so called stickies, reduce paper quality. To remove stickies but at the same time keep as many valuable fibers as possible, multi-stage screening systems with several interconnected pressure screens are used. When planning such systems, suitable screens have to be selected and their interconnection as well as operational parameters have to be defined considering multiple conflicting objectives. In this contribution, we present a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Program to optimize system layout, component selection and operation to find a suitable trade-off between output quality and yield. KW - Mixed-integer nonlinear problem KW - MINLP KW - Process engineering KW - Paper recycling KW - Multi-criteria optimization Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-030-18499-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18500-8_44 SP - 355 EP - 361 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stenger, David A1 - Altherr, Lena A1 - Müller, Tankred A1 - Pelz, Peter F. T1 - Product family design optimization using model-based engineering techniques T2 - Operations Research Proceedings 2017 N2 - Highly competitive markets paired with tremendous production volumes demand particularly cost efficient products. The usage of common parts and modules across product families can potentially reduce production costs. Yet, increasing commonality typically results in overdesign of individual products. Multi domain virtual prototyping enables designers to evaluate costs and technical feasibility of different single product designs at reasonable computational effort in early design phases. However, savings by platform commonality are hard to quantify and require detailed knowledge of e.g. the production process and the supply chain. Therefore, we present and evaluate a multi-objective metamodel-based optimization algorithm which enables designers to explore the trade-off between high commonality and cost optimal design of single products. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-89919-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89920-6_66 SP - 495 EP - 502 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altherr, Lena A1 - Dörig, Bastian A1 - Ederer, Thorsten A1 - Pelz, Peter Franz A1 - Pfetsch, Marc A1 - Wolf, Jan T1 - A mixed-integer nonlinear program for the design of gearboxes T2 - Operations Research Proceedings 2016 N2 - Gearboxes are mechanical transmission systems that provide speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source. Being a central element of the drive train, they are relevant for the efficiency and durability of motor vehicles. In this work, we present a new approach for gearbox design: Modeling the design problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) allows us to create gearbox designs from scratch for arbitrary requirements and—given enough time—to compute provably globally optimal designs for a given objective. We show how different degrees of freedom influence the runtime and present an exemplary solution. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-319-55701-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55702-1_31 SP - 227 EP - 233 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leise, Philipp A1 - Altherr, Lena A1 - Pelz, Peter F. T1 - Energy-Efficient design of a water supply system for skyscrapers by mixed-integer nonlinear programming T2 - Operations Research Proceedings 2017 N2 - The energy-efficiency of technical systems can be improved by a systematic design approach. Technical Operations Research (TOR) employs methods known from Operations Research to find a global optimal layout and operation strategy of technical systems. We show the practical usage of this approach by the systematic design of a decentralized water supply system for skyscrapers. All possible network options and operation strategies are modeled by a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Program. We present the optimal system found by our approach and highlight the energy savings compared to a conventional system design. KW - Engineering optimization KW - Global optimization KW - Energy efficiency KW - Water KW - Network Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-89919-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89920-6_63 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altherr, Lena A1 - Ederer, Thorsten A1 - Lorenz, Ulf A1 - Pelz, Peter F. A1 - Pöttgen, Philipp ED - Lübbecke, Marco E. ED - Koster, Arie ED - Letmathe, Peter ED - Madlener, Reihard ED - Preis, Britta ED - Walther, Grit T1 - Designing a feedback control system via mixed-integer programming T2 - Operations Research Proceedings 2014: Selected Papers of the Annual International Conference of the German Operations Research N2 - Pure analytical or experimental methods can only find a control strategy for technical systems with a fixed setup. In former contributions we presented an approach that simultaneously finds the optimal topology and the optimal open-loop control of a system via Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). In order to extend this approach by a closed-loop control we present a Mixed Integer Program for a time discretized tank level control. This model is the basis for an extension by combinatorial decisions and thus for the variation of the network topology. Furthermore, one is able to appraise feasible solutions using the global optimality gap. KW - Optimal Topology KW - Controller Parameter KW - Level Control System KW - Technical Operation Research KW - Optimal Closed Loop Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-28695-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28697-6_18 SP - 121 EP - 127 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altherr, Lena A1 - Leise, Philipp T1 - Resilience as a concept for mastering uncertainty T2 - Mastering Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-78353-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78354-9 N1 - Unterkapitel 6.3.1 des Kapitels "Strategies for Mastering Uncertainty" SP - 412 EP - 417 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altherr, Lena A1 - Leise, Philipp A1 - Pfetsch, Marc E. A1 - Schmitt, Andreas T1 - Optimal design of resilient technical systems on the example of water supply systems T2 - Mastering Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-78356-3 N1 - Unterkapitel des Kapitels "Strategies for Mastering Uncertainty" SP - 429 EP - 433 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leise, Philipp A1 - Altherr, Lena T1 - Experimental evaluation of resilience metrics in a fluid system T2 - Mastering Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-78356-3 N1 - Unterkapitel des Kapitels "Strategies for Mastering Uncertainty" SP - 442 EP - 447 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Czarnecki, Christian A1 - Hong, Chin-Gi A1 - Schmitz, Manfred A1 - Dietze, Christian ED - Urbach, Nils ED - Röglinger, Maximilian ED - Kautz, Karlheinz ED - Alias, Rose Alinda ED - Saunders, Carol ED - Wiener, Martin T1 - Enabling digital transformation through cognitive robotic process automation at Deutsche Telekom Services Europe T2 - Digitalization Cases Vol. 2 : Mastering digital transformation for global business N2 - Subject of this case is Deutsche Telekom Services Europe (DTSE), a service center for administrative processes. Due to the high volume of repetitive tasks (e.g., 100k manual uploads of offer documents into SAP per year), automation was identified as an important strategic target with a high management attention and commitment. DTSE has to work with various backend application systems without any possibility to change those systems. Furthermore, the complexity of administrative processes differed. When it comes to the transfer of unstructured data (e.g., offer documents) to structured data (e.g., MS Excel files), further cognitive technologies were needed. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-80002-4 (Print) SN - 978-3-030-80003-1 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80003-1 SP - 123 EP - 138 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Czarnecki, Christian A1 - Fettke, Peter ED - Czarnecki, Christian ED - Fettke, Peter T1 - Robotic process automation : Positioning, structuring, and framing the work T2 - Robotic process automation : Management, technology, applications N2 - Robotic process automation (RPA) has attracted increasing attention in research and practice. This chapter positions, structures, and frames the topic as an introduction to this book. RPA is understood as a broad concept that comprises a variety of concrete solutions. From a management perspective RPA offers an innovative approach for realizing automation potentials, whereas from a technical perspective the implementation based on software products and the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are relevant. RPA is industry-independent and can be used, for example, in finance, telecommunications, and the public sector. With respect to RPA this chapter discusses definitions, related approaches, a structuring framework, a research framework, and an inside as well as outside architectural view. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the book combined with short summaries of each chapter. KW - Robotic process automation KW - management KW - technology KW - applications KW - research framework Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-11-067668-6 (Print) SN - 978-3-11-067669-3 (PDF) SN - 978-3-11-067677-8 (ePub) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110676693-202 SP - 3 EP - 24 PB - De Gruyter CY - Oldenbourg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bensberg, Frank A1 - Auth, Gunnar A1 - Czarnecki, Christian ED - Czarnecki, Christian ED - Fettke, Peter T1 - Finding the perfect RPA match : a criteria-based selection method for RPA solutions T2 - Robotic process automation : Management, technology, applications N2 - The benefits of robotic process automation (RPA) are highly related to the usage of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software products that can be easily implemented and customized by business units. But, how to find the best fitting RPA product for a specific situation that creates the expected benefits? This question is related to the general area of software evaluation and selection. In the face of more than 75 RPA products currently on the market, guidance considering those specifics is required. Therefore, this chapter proposes a criteria-based selection method specifically for RPA. The method includes a quantitative evaluation of costs and benefits as well as a qualitative utility analysis based on functional criteria. By using the visualization of financial implications (VOFI) method, an application-oriented structure is provided that opposes the total cost of ownership to the time savings times salary (TSTS). For the utility analysis a detailed list of functional criteria for RPA is offered. The whole method is based on a multi-vocal review of scientific and non-scholarly literature including publications by business practitioners, consultants, and vendors. The application of the method is illustrated by a concrete RPA example. The illustrated structures, templates, and criteria can be directly utilized by practitioners in their real-life RPA implementations. In addition, a normative decision process for selecting RPA alternatives is proposed before the chapter closes with a discussion and outlook. KW - robotic process automation KW - business process automation KW - commercial offthe- shelf solutions KW - software evaluation KW - software selection Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-11-067677-8 SN - 978-3-11-067669-3 SN - 9783110676686 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110676693-201 SP - 47 EP - 75 PB - De Gruyter CY - Oldenbourg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Croon, Philipp A1 - Czarnecki, Christian ED - Czarnecki, Christian ED - Fettke, Peter T1 - Liability for loss or damages caused by RPA T2 - Robotic process automation : Management, technology, applications N2 - Intelligent autonomous software robots replacing human activities and performing administrative processes are reality in today’s corporate world. This includes, for example, decisions about invoice payments, identification of customers for a marketing campaign, and answering customer complaints. What happens if such a software robot causes a damage? Due to the complete absence of human activities, the question is not trivial. It could even happen that no one is liable for a damage towards a third party, which could create an uncalculatable legal risk for business partners. Furthermore, the implementation and operation of those software robots involves various stakeholders, which result in the unsolvable endeavor of identifying the originator of a damage. Overall it is advisable to all involved parties to carefully consider the legal situation. This chapter discusses the liability of software robots from an interdisciplinary perspective. Based on different technical scenarios the legal aspects of liability are discussed. KW - robotic process automation KW - artificial intelligence KW - liability KW - culpability Y1 - 2021 SN - 9783110676778 SN - 9783110676693 SN - 9783110676686 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110676693-202 SP - 135 EP - 151 PB - De Gruyter CY - Oldenbourg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Dominik A1 - Wisselink, Frank A1 - Nölle, Nikolai A1 - Czarnecki, Christian ED - Bruhn, Manfred ED - Hadwich, Karsten T1 - Influence of artificial intelligence on commercial interactions in the consumer market T2 - Automatisierung und Personalisierung von Dienstleistungen : Methoden – Potenziale – Einsatzfelder N2 - Recently, novel AI-based services have emerged in the consumer market. AI-based services can affect the way consumers take commercial decisions. Research on the influence of AI on commercial interactions is in its infancy. In this chapter, a framework creating a first overview of the influence of AI on commercial interactions is introduced. This framework summarizes the findings of comparing numerous customer journeys of novel AI-based services with corresponding non-AI equivalents. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-658-30167-5 (Print) SN - 978-3-658-30168-2 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30168-2_7 SP - 183 EP - 205 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bensberg, Frank A1 - Buscher, Gandalf A1 - Czarnecki, Christian ED - Nissen, Volker T1 - Digital transformation and IT topics in the consulting industry: a labor market perspective T2 - Advances in consulting research : recent findings and practical cases N2 - Information technologies, such as big data analytics, cloud computing, cyber physical systems, robotic process automation, and the internet of things, provide a sustainable impetus for the structural development of business sectors as well as the digitalization of markets, enterprises, and processes. Within the consulting industry, the proliferation of these technologies opened up the new segment of digital transformation, which focuses on setting up, controlling, and implementing projects for enterprises from a broad range of sectors. These recent developments raise the question, which requirements evolve for IT consultants as important success factors of those digital transformation projects. Therefore, this empirical contribution provides indications regarding the qualifications and competences necessary for IT consultants in the era of digital transformation from a labor market perspective. On the one hand, this knowledge base is interesting for the academic education of consultants, since it supports a market-oriented design of adequate training measures. On the other hand, insights into the competence requirements for consultants are considered relevant for skill and talent management processes in consulting practice. Assuming that consulting companies pursue a strategic human resource management approach, labor market information may also be useful to discover strategic behavioral patterns. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-319-95998-6 SN - 978-3-030-07125-7 SN - 978-3-319-95999-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95999-3_16 SP - 341 EP - 357 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmitz, Manfred A1 - Dietze, Christian A1 - Czarnecki, Christian ED - Urbach, Nils ED - Röglinger, Maximilian T1 - Enabling digital transformation through robotic process automation at Deutsche Telekom T2 - Enabling digital transformation through robotic process automation at Deutsche Telekom N2 - Due to the high number of customer contacts, fault clearances, installations, and product provisioning per year, the automation level of operational processes has a significant impact on financial results, quality, and customer experience. Therefore, the telecommunications operator Deutsche Telekom (DT) has defined a digital strategy with the objectives of zero complexity and zero complaint, one touch, agility in service, and disruptive thinking. In this context, Robotic Process Automation (RPA) was identified as an enabling technology to formulate and realize DT’s digital strategy through automation of rule-based, routine, and predictable tasks in combination with structured and stable data. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-319-95272-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95273-4_2 SP - 15 EP - 33 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Czarnecki, Christian ED - vom Brocke, Jan ED - Mendling, Jan T1 - Establishment of a central process governance organization combined with operational process improvements : Insights from a BPM Project at a leading telecommunications operator in the Middle East T2 - Business process management cases : digital innovation and business transformation in practice N2 - Because of customer churn, strong competition, and operational inefficiencies, the telecommunications operator ME Telco (fictitious name due to confidentiality) launched a strategic transformation program that included a Business Process Management (BPM) project. Major problems were silo-oriented process management and missing cross-functional transparency. Process improvements were not consistently planned and aligned with corporate targets. Measurable inefficiencies were observed on an operational level, e.g., high lead times and reassignment rates of the incident management process. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-58306-8 SN - 978-3-319-58307-5 SN - 978-3-319-86372-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58307-5 N1 - Als Präsenzexemplar unter der Signatur 20 PZR 469-1 vorhanden. SP - 57 EP - 76 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leise, Philipp A1 - Altherr, Lena A1 - Simon, Nicolai A1 - Pelz, Peter F. T1 - Finding global-optimal gearbox designs for battery electric vehicles T2 - Optimization of complex systems - theory, models, algorithms and applications : WCGO 2019 N2 - In order to maximize the possible travel distance of battery electric vehicles with one battery charge, it is mandatory to adjust all components of the powertrain carefully to each other. While current vehicle designs mostly simplify the powertrain rigorously and use an electric motor in combination with a gearbox with only one fixed transmission ratio, the use of multi-gear systems has great potential. First, a multi-speed system is able to improve the overall energy efficiency. Secondly, it is able to reduce the maximum momentum and therefore to reduce the maximum current provided by the traction battery, which results in a longer battery lifetime. In this paper, we present a systematic way to generate multi-gear gearbox designs that—combined with a certain electric motor—lead to the most efficient fulfillment of predefined load scenarios and are at the same time robust to uncertainties in the load. Therefore, we model the electric motor and the gearbox within a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Program, and optimize the efficiency of the mechanical parts of the powertrain. By combining this mathematical optimization program with an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, we are able to derive global-optimal gearbox designs for practically relevant momentum and speed requirements. KW - Powertrain KW - Gearbox KW - Optimization KW - BEV KW - WLTP Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-030-21802-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21803-4_91 SP - 916 EP - 925 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stenger, David A1 - Altherr, Lena A1 - Abel, Dirk T1 - Machine learning and metaheuristics for black-box optimization of product families: a case-study investigating solution quality vs. computational overhead T2 - Operations Research Proceedings 2018 N2 - In product development, numerous design decisions have to be made. Multi-domain virtual prototyping provides a variety of tools to assess technical feasibility of design options, however often requires substantial computational effort for just a single evaluation. A special challenge is therefore the optimal design of product families, which consist of a group of products derived from a common platform. Finding an optimal platform configuration (stating what is shared and what is individually designed for each product) and an optimal design of all products simultaneously leads to a mixed-integer nonlinear black-box optimization model. We present an optimization approach based on metamodels and a metaheuristic. To increase computational efficiency and solution quality, we compare different types of Gaussian process regression metamodels adapted from the domain of machine learning, and combine them with a genetic algorithm. We illustrate our approach on the example of a product family of electrical drives, and investigate the trade-off between solution quality and computational overhead. KW - Product family optimization KW - Mixed-integer nonlinear black-box optimization KW - Engineering optimization KW - Machine learning Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-030-18499-5 (Print) SN - 978-3-030-18500-8 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18500-8_47 SP - 379 EP - 385 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pfetsch, Marc E. A1 - Abele, Eberhard A1 - Altherr, Lena A1 - Bölling, Christian A1 - Brötz, Nicolas A1 - Dietrich, Ingo A1 - Gally, Tristan A1 - Geßner, Felix A1 - Groche, Peter A1 - Hoppe, Florian A1 - Kirchner, Eckhard A1 - Kloberdanz, Hermann A1 - Knoll, Maximilian A1 - Kolvenbach, Philip A1 - Kuttich-Meinlschmidt, Anja A1 - Leise, Philipp A1 - Lorenz, Ulf A1 - Matei, Alexander A1 - Molitor, Dirk A. A1 - Niessen, Pia A1 - Pelz, Peter F. A1 - Rexer, Manuel A1 - Schmitt, Andreas A1 - Schmitt, Johann M. A1 - Schulte, Fiona A1 - Ulbrich, Stefan A1 - Weigold, Matthias T1 - Strategies for mastering uncertainty T2 - Mastering uncertainty in mechanical engineering N2 - This chapter describes three general strategies to master uncertainty in technical systems: robustness, flexibility and resilience. It builds on the previous chapters about methods to analyse and identify uncertainty and may rely on the availability of technologies for particular systems, such as active components. Robustness aims for the design of technical systems that are insensitive to anticipated uncertainties. Flexibility increases the ability of a system to work under different situations. Resilience extends this characteristic by requiring a given minimal functional performance, even after disturbances or failure of system components, and it may incorporate recovery. The three strategies are described and discussed in turn. Moreover, they are demonstrated on specific technical systems. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-78353-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78354-9_6 N1 - Part of the Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering book series (STME) SP - 365 EP - 456 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Feldmann, M. A1 - Döring, Bernd A1 - Pyschny, D. T1 - Floor systems; Sustainabilty analyses and assessments of steel bridges T2 - Sustainable steel buildings : a practical guide for structures and envelopes Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-118-74079-8 (PDF) SN - 978-1-118-74111-5 SP - 198 EP - 223 PB - Wiley Blackwell CY - Chichester, West Sussex ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin ED - Boele-Woelki, Katharina T1 - Unification of Conflict of Laws in Europe. Matrimonial Property Regimes T2 - European Challenges in Contemporary Family Law Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-90-5095-692-5 SP - 379 EP - 393 PB - Intersentia CY - Antwerpen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engemann, Heiko A1 - Du, Shengzhi A1 - Kallweit, Stephan A1 - Ning, Chuanfang A1 - Anwar, Saqib T1 - AutoSynPose: Automatic Generation of Synthetic Datasets for 6D Object Pose Estimation T2 - Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of MLIS 2020 N2 - We present an automated pipeline for the generation of synthetic datasets for six-dimension (6D) object pose estimation. Therefore, a completely automated generation process based on predefined settings is developed, which enables the user to create large datasets with a minimum of interaction and which is feasible for applications with a high object variance. The pipeline is based on the Unreal 4 (UE4) game engine and provides a high variation for domain randomization, such as object appearance, ambient lighting, camera-object transformation and distractor density. In addition to the object pose and bounding box, the metadata includes all randomization parameters, which enables further studies on randomization parameter tuning. The developed workflow is adaptable to other 3D objects and UE4 environments. An exemplary dataset is provided including five objects of the Yale-CMU-Berkeley (YCB) object set. The datasets consist of 6 million subsegments using 97 rendering locations in 12 different UE4 environments. Each dataset subsegment includes one RGB image, one depth image and one class segmentation image at pixel-level. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-64368-137-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA200770 N1 - Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. Vol 332 SP - 89 EP - 97 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Groß, Rolf Fritz A1 - Hecken, M. A1 - Renz, Ulrich ED - Dittler, A. ED - Hemmer, G. ED - Kasper, G. T1 - Hot gas filtration with ceramic filter candles: experimental and numerical investigations on fluid flow during element cleaning T2 - High temperature gas cleaning. Vol. 2 N2 - Ceramic hot gas filters are widely used in combined cycles based on pressurised fluidised beds. They fulfil most of the demands with respect to cleaning efficiency and long time durability, but their operation regarding the consumption of pulse gas and energy still has to be optimised. Experimental investigations were carried out to measure the flow field, the pressure and the gas temperature inside the filter candle during pulse jet cleaning. These results are compared with the results of a numerical procedure based on a solution of the two - dimensional conservation equations for momentum and energy. The observed difficulties handling different flow regimes like highly turbulent flow as well as Darcy flow simultaneously are discussed. KW - 20 fossil-fueled power plants KW - hot gas cleanup KW - ceramics KW - filtration KW - gas flow Y1 - 1999 SN - 3-9805220-1-6 N1 - 4th International Symposium and Exhibition on Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures, 22.-24.09.1999, Karlsruhe SP - 862 EP - 873 PB - KIT Institut für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik CY - Karlsruhe ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Freyer, Nils A1 - Kempt, Hendrik ED - Bhakuni, Himani ED - Miotto, Lucas T1 - AI-DSS in healthcare and their power over health-insecure collectives T2 - Justice in global health N2 - AI-based systems are nearing ubiquity not only in everyday low-stakes activities but also in medical procedures. To protect patients and physicians alike, explainability requirements have been proposed for the operation of AI-based decision support systems (AI-DSS), which adds hurdles to the productive use of AI in clinical contexts. This raises two questions: Who decides these requirements? And how should access to AI-DSS be provided to communities that reject these standards (particularly when such communities are expert-scarce)? This chapter investigates a dilemma that emerges from the implementation of global AI governance. While rejecting global AI governance limits the ability to help communities in need, global AI governance risks undermining and subjecting health-insecure communities to the force of the neo-colonial world order. For this, this chapter first surveys the current landscape of AI governance and introduces the approach of relational egalitarianism as key to (global health) justice. To discuss the two horns of the referred dilemma, the core power imbalances faced by health-insecure collectives (HICs) are examined. The chapter argues that only strong demands of a dual strategy towards health-secure collectives can both remedy the immediate needs of HICs and enable them to become healthcare independent. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781003399933 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003399933-4 SP - 38 EP - 55 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin ED - Pallikaris, I. ED - Tsilimbaris, M. K. ED - Dastiridou, A. I. T1 - Ocular rigidity: clinical approach T2 - Ocular Rigidity, Biomechanics and Hydrodynamics of the Eye N2 - The term ocular rigidity is widely used in clinical ophthalmology. Generally it is assumed as a resistance of the whole eyeball to mechanical deformation and relates to biomechanical properties of the eye and its tissues. Basic principles and formulas for clinical tonometry, tonography and pulsatile ocular blood flow measurements are based on the concept of ocular rigidity. There is evidence for altered ocular rigidity in aging, in several eye diseases and after eye surgery. Unfortunately, there is no consensual view on ocular rigidity: it used to make a quite different sense for different people but still the same name. Foremost there is no clear consent between biomechanical engineers and ophthalmologists on the concept. Moreover ocular rigidity is occasionally characterized using various parameters with their different physical dimensions. In contrast to engineering approach, clinical approach to ocular rigidity claims to characterize the total mechanical response of the eyeball to its deformation without any detailed considerations on eye morphology or material properties of its tissues. Further to the previous chapter this section aims to describe clinical approach to ocular rigidity from the perspective of an engineer in an attempt to straighten out this concept, to show its advantages, disadvantages and various applications. KW - Coefficient of ocular rigidity KW - Eyeball KW - Corneo-scleral shell KW - Pressure-volume relationship KW - Differential tonometry Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-64422-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64422-2_2 SP - 15 EP - 43 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Atmane, Ilias A1 - Hirech, Kamal A1 - Kassmi, K. A1 - Mahdi, Zahra A1 - Alexopoulos, Spiros A1 - Schwarzer, Klemens A1 - Chayeb, H. A1 - Bachiri, N. ED - Omrane, Amina ED - Kassmi, Khalil ED - Akram, Muhammad Wasim ED - Khanna, Ashish ED - Mostafiz, Imtiaz T1 - Design and realization of a pilot solar desalination plant in Douar El Hamri in the province of Berkane (Morocco) T2 - Sustainable entrepreneurship, renewable energy-based projects, and digitalization N2 - Producing fresh water from saline water has become one of the most difficult challenges to overcome especially with the high demand and shortage of fresh water. In this context, as part of a collaboration with Germany, the authors propose a design and implementation of a pilot multi-stage solar desalination system (MSD), remotely controlled, at Douar Al Hamri in the rural town of Boughriba in the province of Berkane, Morocco. More specifically, they present their contribution on the remote control and supervision system, which makes the functioning of the MSD system reliable and guarantees the production of drinking water for the population of Douar. The results obtained show that the electronic cards and computer communication software implemented allow the acquisition of all electrical (currents, voltages, powers, yields), thermal (temperatures of each stage), and meteorological (irradiance and ambient temperature), remote control and maintenance (switching on, off, data transfer). By comparing with the literature carried out in the field of solar energy, the authors conclude that the MSD and electronic desalination systems realized during this work represent a contribution in terms of the reliability and durability of providing drinking water in rural and urban areas. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9781000292541 (E-Book) SN - 9781003097921 (E-Book) SN - 9780367468378 (Hardcover) PB - CRC Press CY - Boca Raton, Fa. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reimer, Lars A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Ballmann, Josef T1 - Computational study of the aeroelastic equilibrium configuration of a swept wind tunnel wing model in subsonic flow T2 - High performance computing in science and engineering '06. Transactions of the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) 2006 / Wolfgang E. Nagel ... Eds. N2 - In the Collaborative Research Center SFB 401 at RWTH Aachen University, the numerical aeroelastic method SOFIA for direct numerical aeroelastic simulation is being progressively developed. Numerical results obtained by applying SOFIA were compared with measured data of static and dynamic aeroelastic wind tunnel tests for an elastic swept wing in subsonic flow. Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-540-36165-7 SP - 421 EP - 434 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reimer, Lars A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Wellmer, Georg A1 - Behr, Marek A1 - Ballmann, Josef T1 - Development of a modular method for computational aero-structural analysis of aircraft T2 - Summary of flow modulation and fluid-structure interaction findings. Results of the Collaborative Research Center SFB 401 at the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, 1997-2008 / ed.: Wolfgang Schröder. Notes on numerical fluid mechanics and multidisciplinary design. Vol. 109 Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-642-04087-0 SP - 205 EP - 238 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schult, Prince Garcia A1 - Losse, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Czarnecki, Christian A1 - Sultanow, Eldar T1 - Proposing a Framework to address the Sustainable Development Goals T2 - EnviroInfo 2023 N2 - Reducing poverty, protecting the planet, and improving life on earth for everyone are the essential goals of the "2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development"committed by the United Nations (UN). Achieving those goals will require technological innovation as well as their implementation in almost all areas of our business and day-to-day life. This paper proposes a high-level framework that collects and structures different uses cases addressing the goals defined by the UN. Hence, it contributes to the discussion by proposing technical innovations that can be used to achieve those goals. As an example, the goal "Climate Actionïs discussed in detail by describing use cases related to tackling biodiversity loss in order to conservate ecosystems. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-88579-736-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/env2023-022 SN - 1617-5468 N1 - EnviroInfo 2023, 11. - 23. October 2023, Garching, Germany SP - 243 EP - 249 PB - GI - Gesellschaft für Informatik CY - Bonn ER -