TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kramer, Pia
A1  - Bragard, Michael
A1  - Ritz, Thomas
A1  - Ferfer, Ute
A1  - Schiffers, Tim
T1  - Visualizing, Enhancing and Predicting Students’ Success through ECTS Monitoring
T2  - 2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)
N2  - This paper serves as an introduction to the ECTS monitoring system and its potential applications in higher education. It also emphasizes the potential for ECTS monitoring to become a proactive system, supporting students by predicting academic success and identifying groups of potential dropouts for tailored support services. The use of the nearest neighbor analysis is suggested for improving data analysis and prediction accuracy.
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Engineering education
KW  - Data visualization
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Data analysis
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON60312.2024.10578652
SN  - 2165-9559
SN  - 2165-9567 (eISSN)
N1  - 2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 08-11 May 2024, Kos Island, Greece
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Rütters, René
A1  - Bragard, Michael
A1  - Dolls, Sarah
T1  - The Inverted Rotary Pendulum: Facilitating Practical Teaching in Advanced Control Engineering
T2  - 2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)
N2  - This paper outlines a practical approach to teach control engineering principles, with an inverted rotary pendulum, serving as an illustrative example. It shows how the pendulum is embedded in an advanced course of control engineering. This approach is incorporated into a flipped-classroom concept, as well as classical teaching concepts, offering students practical experience in control engineering. In addition, the design of the pendulum is shown, using a Raspberry Pi as the target platform for Matlab Simulink. This pendulum can be used in the classroom to evaluate the controller design mentioned above. It is analysed if the use of the pendulum generates a deeper understanding of the learning contents.
KW  - Matlab
KW  - Engineering education
KW  - Online services
KW  - Software packages
KW  - Electronic learning
KW  - Control engineering
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON60312.2024.10578937
SN  - 2165-9559
SN  - 2165-9567 (eISSN)
N1  - 2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 08-11 May 2024, Kos Island, Greece
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Becker, Tim
A1  - Bragard, Michael
T1  - Low-Voltage DC Training Lab for Electric Drives - Optimizing the Balancing Act Between High Student Throughput and Individual Learning Speed
T2  - 2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)
N2  - After a brief introduction of conventional laboratory structures, this work focuses on an innovative and universal approach for a setup of a training laboratory for electric machines and drive systems. The novel approach employs a central 48 V DC bus, which forms the backbone of the structure. Several sets of DC machine, asynchronous machine and synchronous machine are connected to this bus. The advantages of the novel system structure are manifold, both from a didactic and a technical point of view: Student groups can work on their own performance level in a highly parallelized and at the same time individualized way. Additional training setups (similar or different) can easily be added. Only the total power dissipation has to be provided, i.e. the DC bus balances the power flow between the student groups. Comparative results of course evaluations of several cohorts of students are shown.
KW  - Synchronous machines
KW  - Power dissipation
KW  - Throughput
KW  - Low voltage
KW  - DC machines
KW  - Manifolds
KW  - Training
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON60312.2024.10578902
SN  - 2165-9559
SN  - 2165-9567 (eISSN)
N1  - 2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 08-11 May 2024, Kos Island, Greece
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Birmans, Katrin
A1  - Tambornino, Philipp
A1  - Ullrich, Anna Valentine
T1  - 5 Gründe für Coscine - Handreichung für Forschende an HAW
N2  - Welche Vorteile bietet die Forschungsdatenmanagement-Plattform Coscine für die Verwaltung von Daten in Forschungsprojekten? Hierzu gibt die Handreichung einen schnellen Überblick über den landesgeförderten Dienst Coscine für Forschende und FDM-Service-Personal an HAW in NRW (DH.NRW-Hochschulen).
FDM-Service-Mitarbeitende können die Handreichung in ihrer Beratung zu Coscine einsetzen und mit der Eingabemaske in der Kopfzeile des Dokuments auf ihre Hochschule anpassen.
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12156734
N1  - Die Handreichung ist im Projekt Persist@HAW (FK: 16FDFH129), gefördert vom BMBF, entstanden.
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Birmans, Katrin
A1  - Schick, Elena
A1  - Tambornino, Philipp
A1  - Ullrich, Anna Valentine
T1  - Ingenieurwissenschaften im Fokus: Zugänge zu einem effektiven Forschungsdatenmanagement an HAW
N2  - Im Rahmen der Love Data Week vom 12. bis 16.02.2024 haben die BMBF-Projekte FDM2_TH_Koeln der TH Köln (FK 16FDFH105) und Persist@HAW der FH Aachen (FK 16FDFH129) am 15.02.2024 gemeinsam eine Online-Veranstaltung mit dem Titel „Ingenieurwissenschaften im Fokus: Zugänge zu einem effektiven Forschungsdatenmanagement an HAW“ angeboten. Diese richtete sich an Forschende aus den Ingenieurwissenschaften, die einen ersten Zugang zum Thema Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM) suchen und erfahren möchten, welche speziellen Angebote für die Daten aus den Ingenieurwissenschaften existieren.

In der Veranstaltung wurden wesentliche Aspekte des Forschungsdatenmanagements entlang des Datenlebenszyklus beleuchtet. Ziel war es, den Teilnehmenden praxisnahe Einblicke und Hilfestellungen zu einem effektiven Umgang mit Forschungsdaten an Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften (HAW) zu bieten. Durch Beispiele und konkrete Empfehlungen wurde das Thema zugänglich gemacht.
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12545429
N1  - Die Originalpräsentation ist über Conceptboard einsehbar: https://app.conceptboard.com/board/c651-e781-dr9h-zfyu-gkq9
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Fissabre, Anke
ED  - Naujokat, Anke
ED  - Hake, Verena
ED  - Schindler, Bruno
ED  - Schötten, Björn
T1  - Eine moderne Sainte-Chapelle in Köln. Otto Bartnings Stahlkirche auf der Pressa 1928
T2  - Baugedanken: Einsichten, Ansichten, Aussichten für Jan Pieper zum 80. Geburtstag
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 978-3-943164-87-9
SP  - 66
EP  - 81
PB  - Geymüller Verag für Architektur
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aliazizi, Fereshteh
A1  - Özsoylu, Dua
A1  - Bakhshi Sichani, Soroush
A1  - Khorshid, Mehran
A1  - Glorieux, Christ
A1  - Robbens, Johan
A1  - Schöning, Michael J.
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
T1  - Development and Calibration of a Microfluidic, Chip-Based Sensor System for Monitoring the Physical Properties of Water Samples in Aquacultures
JF  - Micromachines
N2  - In this work, we present a compact, bifunctional chip-based sensor setup that measures the temperature and electrical conductivity of water samples, including specimens from rivers and channels, aquaculture, and the Atlantic Ocean. For conductivity measurements, we utilize the impedance amplitude recorded via interdigitated electrode structures at a single triggering frequency. The results are well in line with data obtained using a calibrated reference instrument. The new setup holds for conductivity values spanning almost two orders of magnitude (river versus ocean water) without the need for equivalent circuit modelling. Temperature measurements were performed in four-point geometry with an on-chip platinum RTD (resistance temperature detector) in the temperature range between 2 °C and 40 °C, showing no hysteresis effects between warming and cooling cycles. Although the meander was not shielded against the liquid, the temperature calibration provided equivalent results to low conductive Milli-Q and highly conductive ocean water. The sensor is therefore suitable for inline and online monitoring purposes in recirculating aquaculture systems.
KW  - chip-based sensor setup
KW  - aquaculture
KW  - microfluidics
KW  - impedance spectroscopy
KW  - thermometry
KW  - electrical conductivity of liquids
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15060755
SN  - 2072-666X
N1  - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Multisensor Arrays"
N1  - Corresponding author: Michael J. Schöning
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chwallek, Constanze
A1  - Nawrath, Lara
A1  - Krastina, Anzelika
A1  - Bruksle, Ieva
T1  - Supportive research on sustainable entrepreneurship and business practices
JF  - SECA Sustainable Entrepreneurship for Climate Action
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 978-952-316-514-4 (pdf)
SN  - 2954-1654 (on-line publication)
IS  - 3
PB  - Lapland University of Applied Sciences Ltd
CY  - Rovaniemi
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Clausnitzer, Julian
A1  - Kleefeld, Andreas
T1  - A spectral Galerkin exponential Euler time-stepping scheme for parabolic SPDEs on two-dimensional domains with a C²  boundary
JF  - Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - Series B
N2  - We consider the numerical approximation of second-order semi-linear parabolic stochastic partial differential equations interpreted in the mild sense which we solve on general two-dimensional domains with a C² boundary with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The equations are driven by Gaussian additive noise, and several Lipschitz-like conditions are imposed on the nonlinear function. We discretize in space with a spectral Galerkin method and in time using an explicit Euler-like scheme. For irregular shapes, the necessary Dirichlet eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained from a boundary integral equation method. This yields a nonlinear eigenvalue problem, which is discretized using a boundary element collocation method and is solved with the Beyn contour integral algorithm. We present an error analysis as well as numerical results on an exemplary asymmetric shape, and point out limitations of the approach.
KW  - Nonlinear eigenvalue problems
KW  - Boundary integral equations,
KW  - Exponential Euler scheme,
KW  - Parabolic SPDEs
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3934/dcdsb.2023148
SN  - 1531-3492
SN  - 1553-524X (eISSN)
VL  - 29
IS  - 4
SP  - 1624
EP  - 1651
PB  - AIMS
CY  - Springfield
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Golland, Alexander
T1  - Bußgelder bei Datenschutzverstößen durch Unternehmen
JF  - NJW Neue Juristische Wochenschrift
N2  - Bald eine Dekade ist es her, dass diese annähernd mantraartig wiederholte Phrase Unternehmen zur Umsetzung datenschutzrechtlicher Vorgaben incentivierte. Was ist davon geblieben? Nur wenige in Deutschland verhängte Bußgelder erreichten Millionenhöhe. Hintergrund ist (auch) das deutsche Ordnungswidrigkeitenrecht, welches in einem Spannungsverhältnis zu den Vorgaben der DS-GVO steht. Ein Bußgeldbescheid der Berliner Datenschutzaufsicht gegen die Deutsche Wohnen sollte Auslöser eines langen, fortdauernden Rechtsstreits werden. Auf Vorlage des KG hatte der EuGH in der Rechtssache C-807/21 („Deutsche Wohnen“) erstmals Gelegenheit, sich zur Frage der Bußgeldhaftung zu positionieren.
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 0341-1915
IS  - 6
SP  - 325
EP  - 329
PB  - Beck
CY  - München
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Golland, Alexander
A1  - Schröer, Jan-Erik
T1  - Error 404 im Vergabeverfahren: Datenschutz nicht gefunden?
JF  - VergabeR
N2  - Das Thema Datenschutz wurde bei der öffentlichen Auftragsvergabe bislang vor allem in Bezug auf Drittlandtransfers personenbezogener Daten in die USA diskutiert. Jedoch spielt der Datenschutz für das Vergabeverfahren und für die Ausführung datenschutzrelevanter Leistungen generell eine wesentliche Rolle. Gleichwohl herrschen bislang unter öffentlichen Auftraggebern Schwierigkeiten, datenschutzrechtlich relevante Fallkonstellationen zu erkennen, die möglichen Risiken daraus abzuleiten und, sofern dies gelingt, diesen Risiken angemessen zu begegnen. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der datenschutzrechtlichen Verantwortlichkeit, ihren Folgen und den daraus resultierenden Konsequenzen für die Gestaltung von Vergabeverfahren und Vergabeunterlagen.
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 2366-2247
IS  - 2
SP  - 75
EP  - 92
PB  - Wolters Kluwer
CY  - Köln
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Golland, Alexander
A1  - Schröer, Jan-Erik
T1  - No risk, no fun? Berücksichtigung datenschutzrechtlicher Risiken im Vergabeverfahren
JF  - DSB Datenschutz-Berater
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 0170-7256
SN  - No risk, no fun? Berücksichtigung datenschutzrechtlicher Risiken im Vergabeverfahren
IS  - 5
SP  - 114
EP  - 117
PB  - DFV Mediengruppe
CY  - Frankfurt a.M.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Golland, Alexander
T1  - Datenschutz beim Einsatz künstlicher Intelligenz im Unternehmen
JF  - NWB
N2  - Seit Ende 2022 prägt das Schlagwort „Künstliche Intelligenz“ (KI) nicht nur den rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskurs. Die allgemeine Verfügbarkeit von generativen KI-Modellen, allen voran die großen Sprachmodelle (Large Language Models, kurz: LLM) wie ChatGPT von OpenAI oder Bing AI von Microsoft, erfreuen sich größter Beliebtheit: LLM sind in der Lage, auf Grundlage statistischer Methoden – eine entsprechende Schnittstelle (Interface) vorausgesetzt – auch technisch wenig versierten Nutzern verständliche Antworten auf ihre Fragen zu liefern. Dabei werden nicht nur umfassend Nutzerdaten verarbeitet, sondern auch auf weitere personenbezogene Daten zugegriffen sowie neue Daten erzeugt. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche spezifischen datenschutzrechtlichen Herausforderungen sich für Unternehmen beim Einsatz solcher LLM stellen.
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 0028-3460
IS  - 6
SP  - 425
EP  - 432
PB  - NWB
CY  - Herne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oehlenschläger, Katharina
A1  - Volkmar, Marianne
A1  - Stiefelmaier, Judith
A1  - Langsdorf, Alexander
A1  - Holtmann, Dirk
A1  - Tippkötter, Nils
A1  - Ulber, Roland
T1  - New insights into the influence of pre-culture on robust solvent production of C. acetobutylicum
JF  - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
N2  - Clostridia are known for their solvent production, especially the production of butanol. Concerning the projected depletion of fossil fuels, this is of great interest. The cultivation of clostridia is known to be challenging, and it is difficult to achieve reproducible results and robust processes. However, existing publications usually concentrate on the cultivation conditions of the main culture. In this paper, the influence of cryo-conservation and pre-culture on growth and solvent production in the resulting main cultivation are examined. A protocol was developed that leads to reproducible cultivations of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Detailed investigation of the cell conservation in cryo-cultures ensured reliable cell growth in the pre-culture. Moreover, a reason for the acid crash in the main culture was found, based on the cultivation conditions of the pre-culture. The critical parameter to avoid the acid crash and accomplish the shift to the solventogenesis of clostridia is the metabolic phase in which the cells of the pre-culture were at the time of inoculation of the main culture; this depends on the cultivation time of the pre-culture. Using cells from the exponential growth phase to inoculate the main culture leads to an acid crash. To achieve the solventogenic phase with butanol production, the inoculum should consist of older cells which are in the stationary growth phase. Considering these parameters, which affect the entire cultivation process, reproducible results and reliable solvent production are ensured.
KW  - Pre-culture
KW  - Metabolic shift
KW  - Acid crash
KW  - C. acetobutylicum
KW  - ABE
KW  - Butanol
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12981-8
SN  - 1432-0614
VL  - 108
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin, Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Schmülling, Max
A1  - Gützlaff, Joel
A1  - Czupalla, Markus
T1  - A thermal simulation environment for moving objects on the lunar surface
N2  - This paper presents a thermal simulation environment for moving objects on the lunar surface. The goal of the thermal simulation environment is to enable the reliable prediction of the temperature development of a given object on the lunar surface by providing the respective heat fluxes for a mission on a given travel path. The user can import any object geometry and freely define the path that the object should travel. Using the path of the object, the relevant lunar surface geometry is imported from a digital elevation model. The relevant parts of the lunar surface are determined based on distance to the defined path. A thermal model of these surface sections is generated, consisting of a porous layer on top and a denser layer below. The object is moved across the lunar surface, and its inclination is adapted depending on the slope of the terrain below it. Finally, a transient thermal analysis of the object and its environment is performed at several positions on its path and the results are visualized. The paper introduces details on the thermal modeling of the lunar surface, as well as its verification. Furthermore, the structure of the created software is presented. The robustness of the environment is verified with the help of sensitivity studies and possible improvements are presented.
KW  - Dynamic modeling
KW  - Thermal analysis
KW  - ESATAN-TMS
KW  - Lunar Surface
KW  - Thermal Model
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3902363/v1
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Gros, Isabella
T1  - Depressed Furniture : eine abstrakte Übersetzung von Depressionen in Möblierung
N2  - Depressed Furniture ist eine abstrakte Übersetzung von Depressionen in Möblierung. Es handelt sich um eine Rauminstallation von fünf Leuchten, die der Erkrankung in einem unüblichen Kontext eine Plattform gibt. Dadurch stellt das Projekt eine Schnittstelle zwischen Kunst, Design und Gesellschaft dar. Jede Leuchte verkörpert eine Empfindung, mit der sich ein Großteil der Betroffenen identifizieren kann. Es wird Bewusstsein für die Komplexität der Krankheit geschaffen und das Tabu um mentale Krankheiten gebrochen. Neben der Regular Collection können auch Tischvarianten (Compact Collection) erworben werden. Depressed Furniture zeigt, dass es durchaus möglich ist, eine unschöne Thematik zu abstrahieren und ihr neutral zu begegnen. Es verdeutlicht, wie Design dazu beitragen kann, sensible Themen auf kreative Weise zu kommunizieren.
KW  - Depressed Furniture
KW  - Rauminstallation
KW  - Depressionen
KW  - Mentale Gesundheit
KW  - Leuchtenkollektion
Y1  - 2024
PB  - FH Aachen
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ayala, Rafael Ceja
A1  - Harris, Isaac
A1  - Kleefeld, Andreas
T1  - Direct sampling method via Landweber iteration for an absorbing scatterer with a conductive boundary
JF  - Inverse Problems and Imaging
N2  - In this paper, we consider the inverse shape problem of recovering isotropic scatterers with a conductive boundary condition. Here, we assume that the measured far-field data is known at a fixed wave number. Motivated by recent work, we study a new direct sampling indicator based on the Landweber iteration and the factorization method. Therefore, we prove the connection between these reconstruction methods. The method studied here falls under the category of qualitative reconstruction methods where an imaging function is used to recover the absorbing scatterer. We prove stability of our new imaging function as well as derive a discrepancy principle for recovering the regularization parameter. The theoretical results are verified with numerical examples to show how the reconstruction performs by the new Landweber direct sampling method.
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3934/ipi.2023051
SN  - 1930-8337
SN  - 1930-8345 (eISSN)
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
SP  - 708
EP  - 729
PB  - AIMS
CY  - Springfield
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kahra, Marvin
A1  - Breuß, Michael
A1  - Kleefeld, Andreas
A1  - Welk, Martin
ED  - Brunetti, Sara
ED  - Frosini, Andrea
ED  - Rinaldi, Simone
T1  - An Approach to Colour Morphological Supremum Formation Using the LogSumExp Approximation
T2  - Discrete Geometry and Mathematical Morphology
N2  - Mathematical morphology is a part of image processing that has proven to be fruitful for numerous applications. Two main operations in mathematical morphology are dilation and erosion. These are based on the construction of a supremum or infimum with respect to an order over the tonal range in a certain section of the image. The tonal ordering can easily be realised in grey-scale morphology, and some morphological methods have been proposed for colour morphology. However, all of these have certain limitations.
In this paper we present a novel approach to colour morphology extending upon previous work in the field based on the Loewner order. We propose to consider an approximation of the supremum by means of a log-sum exponentiation introduced by Maslov. We apply this to the embedding of an RGB image in a field of symmetric 2x2 matrices. In this way we obtain nearly isotropic matrices representing colours and the structural advantage of transitivity. In numerical experiments we highlight some remarkable properties of the proposed approach.
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 978-3-031-57793-2
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57793-2_25
N1  - Third International Joint Conference, DGMM 2024, Florence, Italy, April 15–18, 2024
SP  - 325
EP  - 337
PB  - Springer
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bung, Daniel Bernhard
T1  - Kamerabasierte Fließtiefen- und Geschwindigkeitsmessungen
JF  - Wasserwirtschaft
N2  - In der wasserbaulichen Forschung werden neben klassischen Messinstrumenten zunehmend kamerabasierte Verfahren genutzt. Diese erlauben neben der Bestimmung von Fließgeschwindigkeiten auch die Detektion der freien Wasseroberfläche oder zeitliche Vermessung von Kolken. Durch die hohen räumlichen und zeitlichen Auflösungen, welche neueste Kamerasensoren liefern, können neue Erkenntnisse in turbulenten, komplexen Strömungen gewonnen werden. Auch in der Praxis können diese Verfahren mit geringem Aufwand wichtige Daten liefern.
KW  - Wasserbau
KW  - Architektur
KW  - Wasserwirtschaft
KW  - Deutschland
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 0043-0978
VL  - 114
IS  - 4
SP  - 47
EP  - 53
PB  - Springer Vieweg
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schopen, Oliver
A1  - Narayan, Sriram
A1  - Beckmann, Marvin
A1  - Najmi, Aezid-Ul-Hassan
A1  - Esch, Thomas
A1  - Shabani, Bahman
T1  - An EIS approach to quantify the effects of inlet air relative humidity on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: a pathway to developing a novel fault diagnostic method
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
N2  - In this work, the effect of low air relative humidity on the operation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is investigated. An innovative method through performing in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is utilised to quantify the effect of inlet air relative humidity at the cathode side on internal ionic resistances and output voltage of the fuel cell. In addition, algorithms are developed to analyse the electrochemical characteristics of the fuel cell. For the specific fuel cell stack used in this study, the membrane resistance drops by over 39 % and the cathode side charge transfer resistance decreases by 23 % after increasing the humidity from 30 % to 85 %, while the results of static operation also show an increase of ∼2.2 % in the voltage output after increasing the relative humidity from 30 % to 85 %. In dynamic operation, visible drying effects occur at < 50 % relative humidity, whereby the increase of the air side stoichiometry increases the drying effects. Furthermore, other parameters, such as hydrogen humidification, internal stack structure, and operating parameters like stoichiometry, pressure, and temperature affect the overall water balance. Therefore, the optimal humidification range must be determined by considering all these parameters to maximise the fuel cell performance and durability. The results of this study are used to develop a health management system to ensure sufficient humidification by continuously monitoring the fuel cell polarisation data and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicators.
KW  - PEM fuel cell
KW  - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
KW  - Relative air humidity
KW  - Active humidity control
KW  - Impedance analysis
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 0360-3199 (print)
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.01.218
SN  - 1879-3487 (online)
VL  - 58
IS  - 8
SP  - 1302
EP  - 1315
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -