TY  - JOUR
A1  - Molinnus, Denise
A1  - Beging, Stefan
A1  - Lowis, Carsten
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Towards a multi-enzyme capacitive field-effect biosensor by comparative study of drop-coating and nano-spotting technique
JF  - Sensors
N2  - Multi-enzyme immobilization onto a capacitive field-effect biosensor by nano-spotting technique is presented. The nano-spotting technique allows to immobilize different enzymes simultaneously on the sensor surface with high spatial resolution without additional photolithographical patterning. The amount of applied enzymatic cocktail on the sensor surface can be tailored. Capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensors with Ta2O5 as pH-sensitive transducer layer have been chosen to immobilize the three different (pL droplets) enzymes penicillinase, urease, and glucose oxidase. Nano-spotting immobilization is compared to conventional drop-coating method by defining different geometrical layouts on the sensor surface (fully, half-, and quarter-spotted). The drop diameter is varying between 84 µm and 102 µm, depending on the number of applied drops (1 to 4) per spot. For multi-analyte detection, penicillinase and urease are simultaneously nano-spotted on the EIS sensor. Sensor characterization was performed by C/V (capacitance/voltage) and ConCap (constant capacitance) measurements. Average penicillin, glucose, and urea sensitivities for the spotted enzymes were 81.7 mV/dec, 40.5 mV/dec, and 68.9 mV/dec, respectively.
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 1424-8220
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174924
N1  - Special issue: Multisensor Systems and Signal Processing in Analytical Chemistry
VL  - 20
IS  - 17
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Finger, Felix
A1  - Braun, Carsten
A1  - Bil, Cees
T1  - Comparative assessment of parallel-hybrid-electric propulsion systems for four different aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
N2  - Until electric energy storage systems are ready to allow fully electric aircraft, the combination of combustion engine and electric motor as a hybrid-electric propulsion system seems to be a promising intermediate solution. Consequently, the design space for future aircraft is expanded considerably, as serial hybrid-electric, parallel hybrid-electric, fully electric, and conventional propulsion systems must all be considered. While the best propulsion system depends on a multitude of requirements and considerations, trends can be observed for certain types of aircraft and certain types of missions. This Paper provides insight into some factors that drive a new design toward either conventional or hybrid propulsion systems. General aviation aircraft, regional transport aircraft vertical takeoff and landing air taxis, and unmanned aerial vehicles are chosen as case studies. Typical missions for each class are considered, and the aircraft are analyzed regarding their takeoff mass and primary energy consumption. For these case studies, a high-level approach is chosen, using an initial sizing methodology. Only parallel-hybrid-electric powertrains are taken into account. Aeropropulsive interaction effects are neglected. Results indicate that hybrid-electric propulsion systems should be considered if the propulsion system is sized by short-duration power constraints. However, if the propulsion system is sized by a continuous power requirement, hybrid-electric systems offer hardly any benefit.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C035897
SN  - 1533-3868
VL  - 57
IS  - 5
PB  - AIAA
CY  - Reston, Va.
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Geiben, Benedikt
A1  - Götten, Falk
A1  - Havermann, Marc
T1  - Aerodynamic analysis of a winged sub-orbital spaceplane
N2  - This paper primarily presents an aerodynamic CFD analysis of a winged spaceplane geometry based on the Japanese Space Walker proposal. StarCCM was used to calculate aerodynamic coefficients for a typical space flight trajectory including super-, trans- and subsonic Mach numbers and two angles of attack. Since the solution of the RANS equations in such supersonic flight regimes is still computationally expensive, inviscid Euler simulations can principally lead to a significant reduction in computational effort. The impact on accuracy of aerodynamic properties is further analysed by comparing both methods for different flight regimes up to a Mach number of 4.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.25967/530170
N1  - 69. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2020, 1. September 2020 - 3. September 2020, online
PB  - DGLR
CY  - Bonn
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Hippe, Jonas
A1  - Finger, Felix
A1  - Götten, Falk
A1  - Braun, Carsten
T1  - Propulsion System Qualification of a 25 kg VTOL-UAV: Hover Performance of Single and Coaxial Rotors and Wind-Tunnel Experiments on Cruise Propellers
T2  - Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress - DLRK 2020
N2  - This paper presents an approach for UAV propulsion system qualification and validation on the example of FH Aachen's 25 kg cargo UAV "PhoenAIX". Thrust and power consumption are the most important aspects of a propulsion system's layout. In the initial design phase, manufacturers' data has to be trusted, but the validation of components is an essential step in the design process. This process is presented in this paper. The vertical takeoff system is designed for efficient hover; therefore, performance under static conditions is paramount. Because an octo-copter layout with coaxial rotors is considered, the impact of this design choice is analyzed. Data on thrust, voltage stability, power consumption, rotational speed, and temperature development of motors and controllers are presented for different rotors. The fixed-wing propulsion system is designed for efficient cruise flight. At the same time, a certain static thrust has to be provided, as the aircraft needs to accelerate to cruise speed. As for the hover-system, data on different propellers is compared. The measurements were taken for static conditions, as well as for different inflow velocities, using the FH-Aachen's wind-tunnel.
Y1  - 2020
N1  - 69. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2020, 1. September 2020 - 3. September 2020, online
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Götten, Falk
A1  - Finger, Felix
A1  - Havermann, Marc
A1  - Braun, Carsten
A1  - Marino, Matthew
A1  - Bil, Cees
T1  - Full Configuration Drag Estimation of Small-to-Medium Range UAVs and its Impact on Initial Sizing Optimization
T2  - CEAS Aeronautical Journal
N2  - The paper presents the derivation of a new equivalent skin friction coefficient for estimating the parasitic drag of short-to-medium range fixed-wing unmanned aircraft. The new coefficient is derived from an aerodynamic analysis of ten different unmanned aircraft used on surveillance, reconnaissance, and search and rescue missions. The aircraft are simulated using a validated unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes approach. The UAV's parasitic drag is significantly influenced by the presence of miscellaneous components like fixed landing gears or electro-optical sensor turrets. These components are responsible for almost half of an unmanned aircraft's total parasitic drag. The new equivalent skin friction coefficient accounts for these effects and is significantly higher compared to other aircraft categories. It is used to initially size an unmanned aircraft for a typical reconnaissance mission. The improved parasitic drag estimation yields a much heavier unmanned aircraft when compared to the sizing results using available drag data of manned aircraft.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-021-00522-w
SN  - 1869-5590
N1  - 69. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2020, 1. September 2020 - 3. September 2020, online
VL  - 12
SP  - 589
EP  - 603
PB  - Springer
CY  - Wien
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Rosin, Julia
T1  - Seismischer Nachweis von Mauerwerksbauten in deutschen Erdbebengebieten
JF  - Mauerwerk
N2  - Mit finanzieller Unterstützung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Mauerwerks- und Wohnungsbau e.V. (DGfM) und des Deutschen Instituts für Bautechnik in Berlin (DIBt) wurden zwei aufeinander aufbauende Forschungsvorhaben zur Verbesserung der seismischen Nachweise von Mauerwerksbauten in deutschen Erdbebengebieten durchgeführt. Zunächst wurde das seismische Verhalten von drei modernen unbewehrten Mauerwerksgebäuden in der Region Emilia Romagna in Italien während der Erdbebenserie im Jahr 2012 in Kooperation mit der Universität Pavia eingehend untersucht. Aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen dieser Untersuchungen wurde ein verbessertes seismisches Bemessungskonzept für unbewehrte Mauerwerksbauten erarbeitet. Der Beitrag stellt die wesentlichen Ergebnisse dieser Forschungsarbeiten und deren Eingang in die Normung vor.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/dama.202000006
SN  - 1437-1022
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
SP  - 108
EP  - 113
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marinkovic, Marko
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
T1  - Ausfachungen aus Ziegelmauerwerk in Stahlbetonrahmentragwerken unter Erdbebenbeanspruchung
JF  - Mauerwerk
N2  - Stahlbetonrahmentragwerke mit Ausfachungen aus Mauerwerk weisen nach Erdbeben häufig schwere Schäden auf. Gründe hierfür sind die Beanspruchungen der Ausfachungswände durch die aufgezwungenen Rahmenverformungen in Wandebene und die gleichzeitig auftretenden Trägheitskräfte senkrecht zur Wandebene in Kombination mit der konstruktiven Ausführung des Ausfachungsmauerwerks. Die Ausfachung wird in der Regel knirsch gegen die Rahmenstützen gemauert, wobei der Verschluss der oberen Fuge mit Mörtel oder Montageschaum erfolgt. Dadurch kommt es im Erdbebenfall zu lokalen Interaktionen zwischen Ausfachung und Rahmen, die in der Folge zu einem Versagen einzelner Ausfachungswände oder zu einem sukzessiven Versagen des Gesamtgebäudes führen können. Die beobachteten Schäden waren die Motivation dafür, in dem europäischen Forschungsprojekt INSYSME für Stahlbetonrahmentragwerke mit Ausfachungen aus hochwärmedämmenden Ziegelmauerwerk innovative Lösungen zur Verbesserung des seismischen Verhaltens zu entwickeln. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die im Rahmen des Projekts von den deutschen Projektpartnern (Universität Kassel, SDA-engineering GmbH) entwickelten Lösungen vor und vergleicht deren seismisches Verhalten mit der traditionellen Ausführung der Ausfachungswände. Grundlage für den Vergleich sind statisch-zyklische Wandversuche und Simulationen auf Wandebene. Aus den Ergebnissen werden Empfehlungen für die erdbebensichere Auslegung von Stahlbetonrahmentragwerken mit Ausfachungen aus Ziegelmauerwerk abgeleitet.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/dama.202000011
SN  - 1437-1022
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
SP  - 194
EP  - 205
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marinkovic, Marko
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
T1  - Earthquake-proof system for masonry infills in RC frame structures
JF  - International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMRI.2020.106328
SN  - 2056-9467
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
SP  - 185
EP  - 208
PB  - Inderscience Enterprises
CY  - Olney, Bucks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Michel, P.
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Klinkel, S.
T1  - Einfluss der dynamischen Steifigkeit von Flach-und Pfahlgründungen auf die Dynamik von Onshore-Windenergieanlagen
JF  - Bauingenieur
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 0005-6650
VL  - 95
IS  - 4
SP  - 139
EP  - 146
PB  - VDI Fachmedien
CY  - Düsseldorf
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ulmer, Jessica
A1  - Gröninger, Marc
A1  - Braun, Sebastian
A1  - Wollert, Jörg
T1  - AR Arbeitsplätze: Für hochflexible und skalierbare Produktionsumgebungen
JF  - atp Magazin
N2  - Trotz fortschreitender Automatisierung bleiben manuelle Tätigkeiten ein wichtiger Baustein der Fertigung kundenindividueller Produkte. Um die Mitarbeiter(innen) zu unterstützen und um eine effiziente Arbeit zu ermöglichen, werden zunehmend auf Augmented Reality (AR) basierende Systeme eingesetzt. Die vorgestellte Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Entwicklung ganzheitlicher AR-Arbeitsplätze für den Einsatz in kleinen und mittleren  Unternehmen (KMU). Das entwickelte AR- Handarbeitskonzept beinhaltet eine Just-in-time-Darstellung der Arbeitsaufgaben auf Werkstücken mit automatisierter Fertigungskontrolle. Als
Reaktion auf kurze Produktlebenszyklen und hohe Produktvielfalten sind alle Komponenten auf maximale Flexibilität ausgelegt. Ein Umrüsten auf neue Produkte kann innerhalb von Minuten erfolgen.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17560/atp.v62i10.2495
SN  - 2364-3137
VL  - 62
IS  - 10
PB  - Vulkan-Verlag
CY  - Essen
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Sildatke, Michael
A1  - Karwanni, Hendrik
A1  - Kraft, Bodo
A1  - Schmidts, Oliver
A1  - Zündorf, Albert
T1  - Automated Software Quality Monitoring in Research Collaboration Projects
T2  - ICSEW'20: Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering Workshops
N2  - In collaborative research projects, both researchers and practitioners work together solving business-critical challenges. These projects often deal with ETL processes, in which humans extract information from non-machine-readable documents by hand. AI-based machine learning models can help to solve this problem.

Since machine learning approaches are not deterministic, their quality of output may decrease over time. This fact leads to an overall quality loss of the application which embeds machine learning models. Hence, the software qualities in development and production may differ.

Machine learning models are black boxes. That makes practitioners skeptical and increases the inhibition threshold for early productive use of research prototypes. Continuous monitoring of software quality in production offers an early response capability on quality loss and encourages the use of machine learning approaches. Furthermore, experts have to ensure that they integrate possible new inputs into the model training as quickly as possible.

In this paper, we introduce an architecture pattern with a reference implementation that extends the concept of Metrics Driven Research Collaboration with an automated software quality monitoring in productive use and a possibility to auto-generate new test data coming from processed documents in production.

Through automated monitoring of the software quality and auto-generated test data, this approach ensures that the software quality meets and keeps requested thresholds in productive use, even during further continuous deployment and changing input data.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1145/3387940.3391478
N1  - ICSE '20: 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 27 June 2020 - 19 July 2020
SP  - 603
EP  - 610
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Labisch, Susanna
A1  - Wählisch, Georg
T1  - Technisches Zeichnen: Eigenständig lernen und effektiv üben
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-3-658-30650-2 (E-Book)
SN  - 978-3-658-30649-6 (Print)
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30650-2
N1  - gedruckt in der Bereichsbibliothek Eupener Str. unter der Signatur 21 WBA 24(6)
PB  - Springer Vieweg
CY  - Wiesbaden
ET  - 6th ed.
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Yoshinobu, Tatsuo
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
ED  - Yoshinobu, Tatsuo
ED  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Light-addressing and chemical imaging technologies for electrochemical sensing
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-3-03943-029-1
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03943-029-1
N1  - This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Light-Addressing and Chemical Imaging Technologies for Electrochemical Sensing that was published in Sensors
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Frantz, Cathy
A1  - Binder, Matthias
A1  - Busch, Konrad
A1  - Ebert, Miriam
A1  - Heinrich, Andreas
A1  - Kaczmarkiewicz, Nadine
A1  - Schlögl-Knothe, Bärbel
A1  - Kunze, Tobias
A1  - Schuhbauer, Christian
A1  - Stetka, Markus
A1  - Schwager, Christian
A1  - Spiegel, Michael
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - Bauer, Thomas
A1  - Bonk, Alexander
A1  - Eisen, Stefan
A1  - Funck, Bernhard
T1  - Basic Engineering of a High Performance Molten Salt Tower Receiver System
T2  - AIP Conference Proceedings
N2  - The production of dispatchable renewable energy will be one of the most important key factors of the future energy supply. Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants operated with molten salt as heat transfer and storage media are one opportunity to meet this challenge. Due to the high concentration factor of the solar tower technology the maximum process temperature can be further increased which ultimately decreases the levelized costs of electricity of the technology (LCOE). The development of an improved tubular molten salt receiver for the next generation of molten salt solar tower plants is the aim of this work. The receiver is designed for a receiver outlet temperature up to 600 °C. Together with a complete molten salt system, the receiver will be integrated into the Multi-Focus-Tower (MFT) in Jülich (Germany). The paper describes the basic engineering of the receiver, the molten salt tower system and a laboratory corrosion setup.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0085895
N1  - SOLARPACES 2020: 26th International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, 28 September – 2 October 2020, Freiburg, Germany
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stulpe, Werner
T1  - Pairwise coexistence of effects versus coexistence
JF  - Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1638/1/012004
SN  - 1742-6596
VL  - 1638
IS  - 012004
SP  - 1
EP  - 21
PB  - IOP
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Marinkovic, Marko
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
T1  - Seismic behaviour of RC frames with uncoupled masonry infills having two storeys or two bays
T2  - Brick and Block Masonry - From Historical to Sustainable Masonry. Proceedings of the 17th International Brick/Block Masonry Conference
N2  - Reinforced concrete (RC) structures with masonry infills are widely used for several types of buildings all over the world. However, it is well known that traditional masonry infills constructed with rigid contact to the surrounding RC frame performed rather poor in past earthquakes. Masonry infills showed severe in-plane damages and failed in many cases under out-of-plane seismic loading. As the undesired interactions between frames and infills changes the load transfer on building level, complete collapses of buildings were observed. A possible solution is uncoupling of masonry infills to the frame to reduce the infill contribution activated by the frame deformation under horizontal loading. The paper presents numerical simulations on RC frames equipped with the innovative decoupling system INODIS. The system was developed within the European project INSYSME and allows an effective uncoupling of frame and infill. The simulations are carried out with a micro-modelling approach, which is able to predict the complex nonlinear behaviour resulting from the different materials and their interaction. Each brick is modelled individually and connected taking into account nonlinearity of a brick mortar interface. The calibration of the model is based on small specimen tests and experimental results for one bay one storey frame are used for the validation. The validated model is further used for parametric studies on two storey and two bay infilled frames. The response and change of the structural stiffness are analysed and compared to the traditionally infilled frame. The results confirm the effectiveness of the INODIS system with less damage and relatively low contribution of the infill at high drift levels. In contrast to the uncoupled system configurations, traditionally infilled frames experienced brittle failure at rather low drift levels.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003098508-72
N1  - 17th International Brick/Block Masonry Conference (17thIB2MaC 2020), July 5-8, 2020, Kraków, Poland
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - CRC Press
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Hoffmeister, Benno
A1  - Holtschoppen, Britta
A1  - Klinkel, Sven
A1  - Rosin, Julia
A1  - Schmitt, Timo
T1  - Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020: proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (SeDIF-Conference)
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-3-86359-729-0
PB  - Apprimus Verlag
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Markinkovic, Marko
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Pavese, A.
A1  - Lanese, I.
A1  - Hoffmeister, B.
A1  - Pinkawa, M.
A1  - Vulcu, C.
A1  - Bursi, O.
A1  - Nardin, C.
A1  - Paolacci, F.
A1  - Quinci, G.
A1  - Fragiadakis, M.
A1  - Weber, F.
A1  - Huber, P.
A1  - Renault, P.
A1  - Gündel, M.
A1  - Dyke, S.
A1  - Ciucci, M.
A1  - Marino, A.
T1  - Investigation of the seismic behaviour of structural and nonstructural components in industrial facilities by means of shaking table tests
T2  - Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-3-86359-729-0
N1  - 2nd International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (Aachen, Germany, March 4-5, 2020)
SP  - 159
EP  - 172
PB  - Apprimus Verlag
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Cacciatore, Pamela
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
T1  - Seismic safety of cylindrical granular material steel silos under seismic loading
T2  - Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-3-86359-729-0
N1  - 2nd International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (Aachen, Germany, March 4-5, 2020)
SP  - 231
EP  - 244
PB  - Apprimus Verlag
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Michel, Philipp
A1  - Rosin, Julia
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Klinkel, Sven
T1  - Soil-dependent earthquake spectra in the analysis of liquid-storage-tanks on compliant soil
T2  - Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020
N2  - A further development of the Added-Mass-Method allows the combined representation of the effects of both soil-structure-interaction and fluid-structure interaction on a liquid-filled-tank in one model. This results in a practical method for describing the dynamic fluid pressure on the tank shell during joint movement. The fluid pressure is calculated on the basis of the tank's eigenform and the earthquake acceleration and represented by additional masses on the shell. The bearing on compliant ground is represented by replacement springs, which are calculated dependent on the local soil composition. The influence of the shear modulus of the compliant soil is clearly visible in the pressure curves and the stress distribution in the shell. The acceleration spectra are also dependent on soil stiffness. According to Eurocode-8 the acceleration spectra are determined for fixed soil-classes, instead of calculating the accelerations for each site in direct dependence on the soil composition. This leads to unrealistic sudden changes in the system's response. Therefore, earthquake spectra are calculated for different soil models in direct dependence of the shear modulus. Thus, both the acceleration spectra and the replacement springs match the soil composition. This enables a reasonable and consistent calculation of the system response for the actual conditions at each site.
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-3-86359-729-0
N1  - 2nd International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (Aachen, Germany, March 4-5, 2020)
SP  - 245
EP  - 254
PB  - Apprimus Verlag
CY  - Aachen
ER  -