TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wilbring, Daniela
A1  - Enning, Manfred
A1  - Pfaff, Raphael
A1  - Schmidt, Bernd
T1  - Neue Perspektiven für die Bahn in der Produktions- und Distributionslogistik durch Prozessautomation
JF  - ETR - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 0013-2845
VL  - 69
IS  - 3
SP  - 15
EP  - 19
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Engemann, Heiko
A1  - Du, Shengzhi
A1  - Kallweit, Stephan
A1  - Ning, Chuanfang
A1  - Anwar, Saqib
T1  - AutoSynPose: Automatic Generation of Synthetic Datasets for 6D Object Pose Estimation
T2  - Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of MLIS 2020
N2  - We present an automated pipeline for the generation of synthetic datasets for six-dimension (6D) object pose estimation. Therefore, a completely automated generation process based on predefined settings is developed, which enables the user to create large datasets with a minimum of interaction and which is feasible for applications with a high object variance. The pipeline is based on the Unreal 4 (UE4) game engine and provides a high variation for domain randomization, such as object appearance, ambient lighting, camera-object transformation and distractor density. In addition to the object pose and bounding box, the metadata includes all randomization parameters, which enables further studies on randomization parameter tuning. The developed workflow is adaptable to other 3D objects and UE4 environments. An exemplary dataset is provided including five objects of the Yale-CMU-Berkeley (YCB) object set. The datasets consist of 6 million subsegments using 97 rendering locations in 12 different UE4 environments. Each dataset subsegment includes one RGB image, one depth image and one class segmentation image at pixel-level.
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-1-64368-137-5
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/FAIA200770
N1  - Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. Vol 332
SP  - 89
EP  - 97
PB  - IOS Press
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engemann, Heiko
A1  - Du, Shengzhi
A1  - Kallweit, Stephan
A1  - Cönen, Patrick
A1  - Dawar, Harshal
T1  - OMNIVIL - an autonomous mobile manipulator for flexible production
JF  - Sensors
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 1424-8220
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247249
N1  - Special issue: Sensor Networks Applications in Robotics and Mobile Systems
VL  - 20
IS  - 24, art. no. 7249
SP  - 1
EP  - 30
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Ulmer, Jessica
A1  - Braun, Sebastian
A1  - Cheng, Chi-Tsun
A1  - Dowey, Steve
A1  - Wollert, Jörg
T1  - Gamified Virtual Reality Training Environment for the Manufacturing Industry
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ME49197.2020.9286661
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Ulmer, Jessica
A1  - Braun, Sebastian
A1  - Cheng, Chi-Tsun
A1  - Dowey, Steve
A1  - Wollert, Jörg
T1  - Simulation und Verifikation komplexer Handarbeitsprozesse durch die Kombination von Virtual Reality und Augmented Reality im Single-Piece-Workflow
T2  - AALE 2020, 17. Fachkonferenz Angewandte Automatisierungstechnik in Lehre und Entwicklung, Automatisierung und Mensch-Technik-Interaktion, Leipzig, DE, 4.-6.3.2020
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-3-8007-5180-8
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zabirov, Alexander
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Bucherer, Sebastian
T1  - Füge- und Dichtkonzept für einen Leichtbauverbrennungsmotor
JF  - adhäsion KLEBEN & DICHTEN
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35145-021-0531-5
SN  - 2192-8681
VL  - 65
IS  - 11
SP  - 12
EP  - 19
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Ulmer, Jessica
A1  - Braun, Sebastian
A1  - Cheng, Chi-Tsun
A1  - Dowey, Steve
A1  - Wollert, Jörg
T1  - Adapting Augmented Reality Systems to the users’ needs using Gamification and error solving methods
T2  - Procedia CIRP
N2  - Animations of virtual items in AR support systems are typically predefined and lack interactions with dynamic physical environments. AR applications rarely consider users’ preferences and do not provide customized spontaneous support under unknown situations. This research focuses on developing adaptive, error-tolerant AR systems based on directed acyclic graphs and error resolving strategies. Using this approach, users will have more freedom of choice during AR supported work, which leads to more efficient workflows. Error correction methods based on CAD models and predefined process data create individual support possibilities. The framework is implemented in the Industry 4.0 model factory at FH Aachen.
KW  - Augmented Reality
KW  - Adaptive Systems
KW  - Gamification
KW  - Error Recovery
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.11.024
SN  - 2212-8271
N1  - Part of special issue: 54th CIRP CMS 2021 - Towards Digitalized Manufacturing 4.0
VL  - 104
SP  - 140
EP  - 145
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Feuerriegel, Uwe
T1  - Wärmeübertragung mit EXCEL und VBA: Wärmetechnische Berechnungen und Simulationen effektiv durchführen und professionell dokumentieren
N2  - Dieses Lehrbuch vermittelt die Grundlagen der Wärmeübertragung sowie den Umgang mit EXCEL-VBA von der Erstellung von Makros bis zu benutzerdefinierten Funktionen. Es legt damit eine Basis für die schnelle und professionelle Durchführung von Berechnungen und Simulationen. Die angeleitete Erstellung von Berechnungsmodulen mit EXCEL und VBA aus allen wichtigen Bereichen der Wärmeübertragung bildet den inhaltlichen Schwerpunkt. Dazu zählen die stationäre Wärmeleitung und der stationäre Wärmedurchgang, die instationäre Wärmeleitung, der Wärmeübergang bei freier und erzwungener Konvektion sowie die Wärmestrahlung und der Wärmeübergang beim Kondensieren und Sieden. Soweit sinnvoll und möglich werden die Stoffwertekorrelationen und die Berechnungsvorschriften aus dem VDI-Wärmeatlas verwendet. Für ausgewählte Anwendungen werden zudem komplexere Auslegungen und Simulationen von Prozessen der Wärmeübertragung sowie von Wärmeübertragern erstellt. Die Zielgruppen: Studierende in Bachelor- und Masterstudiengängen, Praktiker im Engineering
KW  - Wärmeübertragung
KW  - Energietechnik
KW  - Excel und VBA
KW  - VDI-Wärmeatlas
KW  - Wärmeübertrager
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-658-35905-8
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35906-5
N1  - In der Bereichsbibliothek Eupener Straße unter der Signatur 21 WDW 39 vorhanden
PB  - Springer Vieweg
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Adenacker, J.
A1  - Gerhards, Benjamin
A1  - Otten, Christian
A1  - Schleser, Markus
T1  - Laserstrahlschweißen von Aluminium-Kupfer-Werkstoffkombinationen für die Elektromobilität
T2  - DVS CONGRESS 2021
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-96144-146-4
N1  - DVS CONGRESS 2021, 14. – 17. September 2021, Essen. Große Schweißtechnische Tagung 2021, DVS CAMPUS 2021. DVS Berichte, Band: 371
SP  - 31
EP  - 38
PB  - DVS Media GmbH
CY  - Düsseldorf
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Braun, Sebastian
A1  - Cheng, Chi-Tsun
A1  - Dowey, Steve
A1  - Wollert, Jörg
T1  - Performance evaluation of skill-based order-assignment in production environments with multi-agent systems
JF  - IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics
N2  - The fourth industrial revolution introduces disruptive technologies to production environments. One of these technologies are multi-agent systems (MASs), where agents virtualize machines. However, the agent's actual performances in production environments can hardly be estimated as most research has been focusing on isolated projects and specific scenarios. We address this gap by implementing a highly connected and configurable reference model with quantifiable key performance indicators (KPIs) for production scheduling and routing in single-piece workflows. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm to optimize the search of extrema in highly connected distributed systems. The benefits, limits, and drawbacks of MASs and their performances are evaluated extensively by event-based simulations against the introduced model, which acts as a benchmark. Even though the performance of the proposed MAS is, on average, slightly lower than the reference system, the increased flexibility allows it to find new solutions and deliver improved factory-planning outcomes. Our MAS shows an emerging behavior by using flexible production techniques to correct errors and compensate for bottlenecks. This increased flexibility offers substantial improvement potential. The general model in this paper allows the transfer of the results to estimate real systems or other models.
KW  - cyber-physical production systems
KW  - event-based simulation
KW  - multi-agent systems
KW  - digital factory
KW  - industrial agents
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2021.3108524
SN  - 2687-9735
IS  - Early Access
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kasch, Susanne
A1  - Schmidt, Thomas
A1  - Jahn, Simon
A1  - Eichler, Fabian
A1  - Thurn, Laura
A1  - Bremen, Sebastian
T1  - Lösungsansätze und Verfahrenskonzepte zum Laserstrahlschmelzen von Glas
JF  - Schweissen und Schneiden
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 0036-7184
VL  - 73
IS  - Heft 1-2
SP  - 32
EP  - 39
PB  - DVS Verlag
CY  - Düsseldorf
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Pfeiffer, Johann
A1  - Balc, N.
A1  - Gebhardt, Andreas
T1  - Studie zur Untersuchung der Auswirkung von Fräsbahnstrategien auf die Oberflächenqualität von mittels SLM gefertigten Metallteilen
T2  - Tagungsband 21. Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innenkonferenz
N2  - Für die Herstellung von metallischen Bauteilen wird in der heutigen Zeit eine Vielzahl
von Verfahren auf dem Markt angeboten. Dabei stehen die additiven im Wettbewerb
zu den konventionellen Verfahren. Die erreichbaren Oberflächenqualitäten der additiven sind nicht mit denen spanender Verfahren vergleichbar. Für diesen Beitrag wurde analysiert, ob sich ein mittels Selektivem Laserschmelzen (SLM) additiv hergestellter Edelstahl hinsichtlich seiner Oberflächenqualität nach der Zerspanung von einem umgeformten konventionell hergestellten Edelstahl gleicher Sorte unterscheidet.
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-932886-36-2
N1  - 21. Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innenkonferenz, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena
26. und 27. Mai 2021
SP  - 99
EP  - 102
PB  - Verlag Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena
CY  - Jena
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engemann, Heiko
A1  - Cönen, Patrick
A1  - Dawar, Harshal
A1  - Du, Shengzhi
A1  - Kallweit, Stephan
T1  - A robot-assisted large-scale inspection of wind turbine blades in manufacturing using an autonomous mobile manipulator
JF  - Applied Sciences
N2  - Wind energy represents the dominant share of renewable energies. The rotor blades of a wind turbine are typically made from composite material, which withstands high forces during rotation. The huge dimensions of the rotor blades complicate the inspection processes in manufacturing. The automation of inspection processes has a great potential to increase the overall productivity and to create a consistent reliable database for each individual rotor blade. The focus of this paper is set on the process of rotor blade inspection automation by utilizing an autonomous mobile manipulator. The main innovations include a novel path planning strategy for zone-based navigation, which enables an intuitive right-hand or left-hand driving behavior in a shared human–robot workspace. In addition, we introduce a new method for surface orthogonal motion planning in connection with large-scale structures. An overall execution strategy controls the navigation and manipulation processes of the long-running inspection task. The implemented concepts are evaluated in simulation and applied in a real-use case including the tip of a rotor blade form.
KW  - mobile manipulation
KW  - large-scale inspection
KW  - wind turbine production
KW  - autonomous navigation
KW  - surface-orthogonal path planning
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199271
SN  - 2076-3417
N1  - Belongs to the Special Issue "Advances in Industrial Robotics and Intelligent Systems"
VL  - 11
IS  - 19
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Fiedler, Gerda
A1  - Gottschlich-Müller, Birgit
A1  - Melcher, Karin
ED  - Liu-Henke, Xiaobo
ED  - Durak, Umut
T1  - Online-Prüfungen mit STACK Aufgaben
T2  - Tagungsband ASIM Workshop STS/GMMS/EDU 2021
N2  - Wir stellen hier exemplarisch STACK Aufgaben vor, die frei von der Problematik sind, welche sich durch diverse Kommunikationswege und (webbasierte) Computer Algebra Systeme (CAS) ergibt. Daher sind sie insbesondere für eine Open-Book Online Prüfung geeignet, da eine faire Prüfungssituation gewährleistet werden kann.
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-901608-69-8
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.11128/arep.45
N1  - Virtueller Workshop, ASIM STS/GMMS & EDU 2021, 11.-12. März 2021
PB  - ARGESIM Verlag
CY  - Wien
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schmidt, Thomas
A1  - Kasch, Susanne
A1  - Eichler, Fabian
A1  - Thurn, Laura
T1  - Process strategies on laser-based melting of glass powder
T2  - Lasers in Manufacturing Conference 2021
N2  - This paper presents the laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) using various glass powders (borosilicate and quartz glass). Compared to metals, these require adapted process strategies. First, the glass powders were characterized with regard to their material properties and their processability in the powder bed. This was followed by investigations of the melting behavior of the glass powders with different laser wavelengths (10.6 µm, 1070 nm). In particular, the experimental setup of a CO2 laser was adapted for the processing of glass powder. An experimental setup with integrated coaxial temperature measurement/control and an inductively heatable build platform was created. This allowed the L-PBF process to be carried out at the transformation temperature of the glasses. Furthermore, the component’s material quality was analyzed on three-dimensional test specimen with regard to porosity, roughness, density and geometrical accuracy in order to evaluate the developed L-PBF parameters and to open up possible applications.
KW  - 3D-printing
KW  - glass
KW  - additive manufactureing
KW  - laser based powder fusion
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Ulmer, Jessica
A1  - Braun, Sebastian
A1  - Wollert, Jörg
T1  - Adaptive VR-Produktionsumgebungen für Evaluations- und Schulungstätigkeiten
T1  - Adaptive VR production environments for evaluation and training purposes
T2  - Automation 2021: Navigating towards resilient Production
N2  - Industrie 4.0 stellt viele Herausforderungen an produzierende Unternehmen und ihre Beschäf-tigten. Innovative und effektive Trainingsstrategien sind erforderlich, um mit den sich schnell verändernden Produktionsumgebungen und neuen Fertigungstechnologien Schritt halten zu können. Virtual Reality (VR) bietet neue Möglichkeiten für On-the-Job, On-Demand- und Off-Premise-Schulungen.  Diese  Arbeit  stellt  ein  neues  VR  Schulungssystem  vor,  welches  sich  flexible an unterschiedliche Trainingsobjekte auf Grundlage von Rezepten und CAD Modellen anpassen lässt. Das Konzept basiert auf gerichteten azyklischen Graphen und einem Level-system.  Es  ermöglicht  eine  benutzerindividuelle  Lerngeschwindigkeit  mittels  visueller  Ele-mente. Das Konzept wurde für einen mechanischen Anwendungsfall mit Industriekomponen-ten implementiert und in der Industrie 4.0-Modellfabrik der FH Aachen umgesetzt.
N2  - Industry 4.0 poses many challenges for manufacturing companies and their employees. Inno-vative and effective training strategies are needed to keep pace with rapidly changing produc-tion environments and new manufacturing technologies. Virtual reality (VR) offers new oppor-tunities  for  on-the-job,  on-demand,  and  off-premise  training.  This  work  presents  a  new  VR  training system that can be flexibly adapted to different training objects based on recipes and CAD models. The concept is based on directed acyclic graphs and a level system. It allows a user-individual  learning  speed  by  means  of  visual  elements.  The  concept  was  implemented  for  a  mechanical  use  case  with  industrial  components  and  implemented  in  the  industry  4.0  model factory of the FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences.
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-18-092392-5
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181023921-55
SN  - 0083-5560
N1  - 22. Leitkongress der Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik, 9. und 30. Juni 2021.
SP  - 55
EP  - 64
PB  - VDI
CY  - Düsseldorf
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Chavez Bermudez, Victor Francisco
A1  - Wollert, Jörg
T1  - 10BASE-T1L industry 4.0 smart switch for field devices based on IO-Link
T2  - 2022 IEEE 18th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)
N2  - The recent amendment to the Ethernet physical layer known as the IEEE 802.3cg specification, allows to connect devices up to a distance of one kilometer and delivers a maximum of 60 watts of power over a twisted pair of wires. This new standard, also known as 10BASE-TIL, promises to overcome the limits of current physical layers used for field devices and bring them a step closer to Ethernet-based applications. The main advantage of 10BASE- TIL is that it can deliver power and data over the same line over a long distance, where traditional solutions (e.g., CAN, IO-Link, HART) fall short and cannot match its 10 Mbps bandwidth. Due to its recentness, IOBASE- TIL is still not integrated into field devices and it has been less than two years since silicon manufacturers released the first Ethernet-PHY chips. In this paper, we present a design proposal on how field devices could be integrated into a IOBASE-TIL smart switch that allows plug-and-play connectivity for sensors and actuators and is compliant with the Industry 4.0 vision. Instead of presenting a new field-level protocol for this work, we have decided to adopt the IO-Link specification which already includes a plug-and-play approach with features such as diagnosis and device configuration. The main objective of this work is to explore how field devices could be integrated into 10BASE-TIL Ethernet, its adaption with a well-known protocol, and its integration with Industry 4.0 technologies.
KW  - 10BASE-T1L
KW  - Ethernet
KW  - Field device
KW  - Sensors
KW  - IO-Link
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-1-6654-1086-1
SN  - 978-1-6654-1087-8
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WFCS53837.2022.9779176
N1  - 2022 IEEE 18th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS),  27-29 April 2022, Pavia, Italy-
PB  - IEEE
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Ulmer, Jessica
A1  - Braun, Sebastian
A1  - Cheng, Chi-Tsun
A1  - Dowey, Steve
A1  - Wollert, Jörg
T1  - Usage of digital twins for gamification applications in manufacturing
T2  - Procedia CIRP
N2  - Gamification applications are on the rise in the manufacturing sector to customize working scenarios, offer user-specific feedback, and provide personalized learning offerings. Commonly, different sensors are integrated into work environments to track workers’ actions. Game elements are selected according to the work task and users’ preferences. However, implementing gamified workplaces remains challenging as different data sources must be established, evaluated, and connected. Developers often require information from several areas of the companies to offer meaningful gamification strategies for their employees. Moreover, work environments and the associated support systems are usually not flexible enough to adapt to personal needs. Digital twins are one primary possibility to create a uniform data approach that can provide semantic information to gamification applications. Frequently, several digital twins have to interact with each other to provide information about the workplace, the manufacturing process, and the knowledge of the employees. This research aims to create an overview of existing digital twin approaches for digital support systems and presents a concept to use digital twins for gamified support and training systems. The concept is based upon the Reference Architecture Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) and includes information about the whole life cycle of the assets. It is applied to an existing gamified training system and evaluated in the Industry 4.0 model factory by an example of a handle mounting.
KW  - Gamification
KW  - Digital Twin
KW  - Support System
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2022.05.044
SN  - 2212-8271
N1  - 55th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems
VL  - 107
SP  - 675
EP  - 680
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Dannen, Tammo
A1  - Schindele, Benedikt
A1  - Prümmer, Marcel
A1  - Arntz, Kristian
A1  - Bergs, Thomas
T1  - Methodology for the self-optimizing determination of additive manufacturing process eligibility and optimization potentials in toolmaking
T2  - Procedia CIRP
N2  - Additive Manufacturing (AM) of metallic workpieces faces a continuously rising technological relevance and market size. Producing complex or highly strained unique workpieces is a significant field of application, making AM highly relevant for tool components. Its successful economic application requires systematic workpiece based decisions and optimizations. Considering geometric and technological requirements as well as the necessary post-processing makes deciding effortful and requires in-depth knowledge. As design is usually adjusted to established manufacturing, associated technological and strategic potentials are often neglected. To embed AM in a future proof industrial environment, software-based self-learning tools are necessary. Integrated into production planning, they enable companies to unlock the potentials of AM efficiently. This paper presents an appropriate methodology for the analysis of process-specific AM-eligibility and optimization potential, added up by concrete optimization proposals. For an integrated workpiece characterization, proven methods are enlarged by tooling-specific figures.

The first stage of the approach specifies the model’s initialization. A learning set of tooling components is described using the developed key figure system. Based on this, a set of applicable rules for workpiece-specific result determination is generated through clustering and expert evaluation. Within the following application stage, strategic orientation is quantified and workpieces of interest are described using the developed key figures. Subsequently, the retrieved information is used for automatically generating specific recommendations relying on the generated ruleset of stage one. Finally, actual experiences regarding the recommendations are gathered within stage three. Statistic learning transfers those to the generated ruleset leading to a continuously deepening knowledge base. This process enables a steady improvement in output quality.
KW  - Additive manufacturing
KW  - Laser-Powder Bed Fusion
KW  - L-PBF
KW  - Binder Jetting
KW  - Directed Energy Deposition
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2022.05.188
SN  - 2212-8271
N1  - 55th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems
VL  - 107
SP  - 1539
EP  - 1544
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abbas, Karim
A1  - Balc, Nicolae
A1  - Bremen, Sebastian
A1  - Skupin, Marco
T1  - Crystallization and aging behavior of polyetheretherketone PEEK within rapid tooling and rubber molding
JF  - Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
N2  - In times of short product life cycles, additive manufacturing and rapid tooling are important methods to make tool development and manufacturing more efficient. High-performance polymers are the key to mold production for prototypes and small series. However, the high temperatures during vulcanization injection molding cause thermal aging and can impair service life. The extent to which the thermal stress over the entire process chain stresses the material and whether it leads to irreversible material aging is evaluated. To this end, a mold made of PEEK is fabricated using fused filament fabrication and examined for its potential application. The mold is heated to 200 ◦C, filled with rubber, and cured. A differential scanning calorimetry analysis of each process step illustrates the crystallization behavior and first indicates the material resistance. It shows distinct cold crystallization regions at a build chamber temperature of 90 ◦C. At an ambient temperature above Tg, crystallization of 30% is achieved, and cold crystallization no longer occurs. Additional tensile tests show a decrease in tensile strength after ten days of thermal aging. The steady decrease in recrystallization temperature indicates degradation of the additives. However, the tensile tests reveal steady embrittlement of the material due to increasing crosslinking.
KW  - additive manufacturing
KW  - fused filament fabrication
KW  - crystallization
KW  - polyetheretherketone
KW  - rapid tooling
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6050093
SN  - 2504-4494
N1  - The article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Injection Molding: Process, Materials and Applications
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -