TY - CHAP A1 - Olderog, M. A1 - Mohr, P. A1 - Beging, Stefan A1 - Tsoumpas, C. A1 - Ziemons, Karl T1 - Simulation study on the role of tissue-scattered events in improving sensitivity for a compact time of flight compton positron emission tomograph T2 - 2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) N2 - In positron emission tomography improving time, energy and spatial detector resolutions and using Compton kinematics introduces the possibility to reconstruct a radioactivity distribution image from scatter coincidences, thereby enhancing image quality. The number of single scattered coincidences alone is in the same order of magnitude as true coincidences. In this work, a compact Compton camera module based on monolithic scintillation material is investigated as a detector ring module. The detector interactions are simulated with Monte Carlo package GATE. The scattering angle inside the tissue is derived from the energy of the scattered photon, which results in a set of possible scattering trajectories or broken line of response. The Compton kinematics collimation reduces the number of solutions. Additionally, the time of flight information helps localize the position of the annihilation. One of the questions of this investigation is related to how the energy, spatial and temporal resolutions help confine the possible annihilation volume. A comparison of currently technically feasible detector resolutions (under laboratory conditions) demonstrates the influence on this annihilation volume and shows that energy and coincidence time resolution have a significant impact. An enhancement of the latter from 400 ps to 100 ps leads to a smaller annihilation volume of around 50%, while a change of the energy resolution in the absorber layer from 12% to 4.5% results in a reduction of 60%. The inclusion of single tissue-scattered data has the potential to increase the sensitivity of a scanner by a factor of 2 to 3 times. The concept can be further optimized and extended for multiple scatter coincidences and subsequently validated by a reconstruction algorithm. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-7281-7693-2 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507901 N1 - 2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), 31 Oct.-7 Nov. 2020, Boston, MA, USA PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohl, Philipp A1 - Schmidts, Oliver A1 - Klöser, Lars A1 - Werth, Henri A1 - Kraft, Bodo A1 - Zündorf, Albert T1 - STAMP 4 NLP – an agile framework for rapid quality-driven NLP applications development T2 - Quality of Information and Communications Technology. QUATIC 2021 N2 - The progress in natural language processing (NLP) research over the last years, offers novel business opportunities for companies, as automated user interaction or improved data analysis. Building sophisticated NLP applications requires dealing with modern machine learning (ML) technologies, which impedes enterprises from establishing successful NLP projects. Our experience in applied NLP research projects shows that the continuous integration of research prototypes in production-like environments with quality assurance builds trust in the software and shows convenience and usefulness regarding the business goal. We introduce STAMP 4 NLP as an iterative and incremental process model for developing NLP applications. With STAMP 4 NLP, we merge software engineering principles with best practices from data science. Instantiating our process model allows efficiently creating prototypes by utilizing templates, conventions, and implementations, enabling developers and data scientists to focus on the business goals. Due to our iterative-incremental approach, businesses can deploy an enhanced version of the prototype to their software environment after every iteration, maximizing potential business value and trust early and avoiding the cost of successful yet never deployed experiments. KW - Machine learning KW - Process model KW - Natural language processing Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-85346-4 SN - 978-3-030-85347-1 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85347-1_12 N1 - International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology, QUATIC 2021, 8-11 September, Algarve, Portugal SP - 156 EP - 166 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hüning, Felix T1 - Sustainable changes beyond covid-19 for a second semester physics course for electrical engineering students T2 - Blended Learning in Engineering Education: challenging, enlightening – and lasting? N2 - The course Physics for Electrical Engineering is part of the curriculum of the bachelor program Electrical Engineering at University of Applied Science Aachen. Before covid-19 the course was conducted in a rather traditional way with all parts (lecture, exercise and lab) face-to-face. This teaching approach changed fundamentally within a week when the covid-19 limitations forced all courses to distance learning. All parts of the course were transformed to pure distance learning including synchronous and asynchronous parts for the lecture, live online-sessions for the exercises and self-paced labs at home. Using these methods, the course was able to impart the required knowledge and competencies. Taking the teacher’s observations of the student’s learning behaviour and engagement, the formal and informal feedback of the students and the results of the exams into account, the new methods are evaluated with respect to effectiveness, sustainability and suitability for competence transfer. Based on this analysis strong and weak points of the concept and countermeasures to solve the weak points were identified. The analysis further leads to a sustainable teaching approach combining synchronous and asynchronous parts with self-paced learning times that can be used in a very flexible manner for different learning scenarios, pure online, hybrid (mixture of online and presence times) and pure presence teaching. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-2-87352-023-6 N1 - SEFI 49th Annual Conference Technische Universität Berlin (online), 13 – 16 September 2021 SP - 1405 EP - 1409 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kern, Alexander A1 - Imani Vashiani, Anahita A1 - Timmermanns, Tobias T1 - Threat for human beings due to touch voltages and body currents caused by direct lightning strikes in case of non-isolated lightning protection systems using natural components T2 - 35th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) and XVI International Symposium on Lightning Protection (SIPDA) N2 - For typical cases of non-isolated lightning protection systems (LPS) the impulse currents are investigated which may flow through a human body directly touching a structural part of the LPS. Based on a basic LPS model with conventional down-conductors especially the cases of external and internal steel columns and metal façades are considered and compared. Numerical simulations of the line quantities voltages and currents in the time domain are performed with an equivalent circuit of the entire LPS. As a result it can be stated that by increasing the number of conventional down-conductors and external steel columns the threat for a human being can indeed be reduced, but not down to an acceptable limit. In case of internal steel columns used as natural down-conductors the threat can be reduced sufficiently, depending on the low-resistive connection of the steel columns to the lightning equipotential bonding or the earth termination system, resp. If a metal façade is used the threat for human beings touching is usually very low, if the façade is sufficiently interconnected and multiply connected to the lightning equipotential bonding or the earth termination system, resp. KW - Lightning protection system KW - down-conductor KW - steel columns KW - metal façade KW - touch voltage Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-2346-5 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627465 N1 - 35th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) and XVI International Symposium on Lightning Protection (SIPDA), 20-26 Sept. 2021, Colombo, Sri Lanka PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Tim M. A1 - Schmitt, Andreas A1 - Leise, Philipp A1 - Meck, Tobias A1 - Altherr, Lena A1 - Pelz, Peter F. A1 - Pfetsch, Marc E. T1 - Validation of an optimized resilient water supply system T2 - Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering N2 - Component failures within water supply systems can lead to significant performance losses. One way to address these losses is the explicit anticipation of failures within the design process. We consider a water supply system for high-rise buildings, where pump failures are the most likely failure scenarios. We explicitly consider these failures within an early design stage which leads to a more resilient system, i.e., a system which is able to operate under a predefined number of arbitrary pump failures. We use a mathematical optimization approach to compute such a resilient design. This is based on a multi-stage model for topology optimization, which can be described by a system of nonlinear inequalities and integrality constraints. Such a model has to be both computationally tractable and to represent the real-world system accurately. We therefore validate the algorithmic solutions using experiments on a scaled test rig for high-rise buildings. The test rig allows for an arbitrary connection of pumps to reproduce scaled versions of booster station designs for high-rise buildings. We experimentally verify the applicability of the presented optimization model and that the proposed resilience properties are also fulfilled in real systems. KW - Optimization KW - Mixed-integer nonlinear programming KW - Water distribution system KW - Resilience KW - Validation Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-77255-0 SN - 978-3-030-77256-7 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77256-7_7 N1 - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering (ICUME 2021), June 7–8, 2021 SP - 70 EP - 80 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hüning, Felix A1 - Stüttgen, Marcel T1 - Work in Progress: Interdisciplinary projects in times of COVID-19 crisis – challenges, risks and chances T2 - 2021 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON46332.2021.9454006 SP - 1175 EP - 1179 ER -