TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ojovan, Michael I.
A1  - Steinmetz, Hans-Jürgen
T1  - Approaches to Disposal of Nuclear Waste
JF  - Energies
N2  - We present a concise mini overview on the approaches to the disposal of nuclear waste currently used or deployed. The disposal of nuclear waste is the end point of nuclear waste management (NWM) activities and is the emplacement of waste in an appropriate facility without the intention to retrieve it. The IAEA has developed an internationally accepted classification scheme based on the end points of NWM, which is used as guidance. Retention times needed for safe isolation of waste radionuclides are estimated based on the radiotoxicity of nuclear waste. Disposal facilities usually rely on a multi-barrier defence system to isolate the waste from the biosphere, which comprises the natural geological barrier and the engineered barrier system. Disposal facilities could be of a trench type, vaults, tunnels, shafts, boreholes, or mined repositories. A graded approach relates the depth of the disposal facilities’ location with the level of hazard. Disposal practices demonstrate the reliability of nuclear waste disposal with minimal expected impacts on the environment and humans.
KW  - borehole disposal
KW  - geological disposal
KW  - disposal facility
KW  - retention time
KW  - nuclear waste
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207804
SN  - 1996-1073
N1  - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Treatment of Radioactive Waste and Sustainability Energy"
VL  - 15
IS  - 20
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hengsbach, Jan-Niklas
A1  - Engel, Mareike
A1  - Cwienczek, Marcel
A1  - Stiefelmaier, Judith
A1  - Tippkötter, Nils
A1  - Ulber, Roland
T1  - Scalable unseparated bioelectrochemical reactors by using a carbon fiber brush as stirrer and working electrode
JF  - ChemElectroChem
N2  - The concept of energy conversion into platform chemicals using bioelectrochemical systems (BES) has gained increasing attention in recent years, as the technology simultaneously provides an opportunity for sustainable chemical production and tackles the challenge of Power-to-X technologies. There are many approaches to realize the industrial scale of BES. One concept is to equip standard bioreactors with static electrodes. However, large installations resulted in a negative influence on various reactor parameters. In this study, we present a new single-chamber BES based on a stirred tank reactor in which the stirrer was replaced by a carbon fiber brush, performing the functions of the working electrode and the stirrer. The reactor is characterized in abiotic studies and electro-fermentations with Clostridium acetobutylicum. Compared to standard reactors an increase in butanol production of 20.14±3.66 % shows that the new BES can be efficiently used for bioelectrochemical processes.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202300440
SN  - 2196-0216
VL  - 10
IS  - 21
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Penner, Crystal
A1  - Usherovich, Samuel
A1  - Niedermeier, Jana
A1  - Bélanger-Champagne, Camille
A1  - Trinczek, Michael
A1  - Paulßen, Elisabeth
A1  - Hoehr, Cornelia
T1  - Organic Scintillator-Fibre Sensors for Proton Therapy Dosimetry: SCSF-3HF and EJ-260
JF  - electronics
N2  - In proton therapy, the dose from secondary neutrons to the patient can contribute to side effects and the creation of secondary cancer. A simple and fast detection system to distinguish between dose from protons and neutrons both in pretreatment verification as well as potentially in vivo monitoring is needed to minimize dose from secondary neutrons. Two 3 mm long, 1 mm diameter organic scintillators were tested for candidacy to be used in a proton–neutron discrimination detector. The SCSF-3HF (1500) scintillating fibre (Kuraray Co. Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan) and EJ-260 plastic scintillator (Eljen Technology, Sweetwater, TX, USA) were irradiated at the TRIUMF Neutron Facility and the Proton Therapy Research Centre. In the proton beam, we compared the raw Bragg peak and spread-out Bragg peak response to the industry standard Markus chamber detector. Both scintillator sensors exhibited quenching at high LET in the Bragg peak, presenting a peak-to-entrance ratio of 2.59 for the EJ-260 and 2.63 for the SCSF-3HF fibre, compared to 3.70 for the Markus chamber. The SCSF-3HF sensor demonstrated 1.3 times the sensitivity to protons and 3 times the sensitivity to neutrons as compared to the EJ-260 sensor. Combined with our equations relating neutron and proton contributions to dose during proton irradiations, and the application of Birks’ quenching correction, these fibres provide valid candidates for inexpensive and replicable proton-neutron discrimination detectors
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010011
SN  - 2079-9292
N1  - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Applications of Optical Fiber Sensors"
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Matoni, Georg
A1  - Berndt, Heinz
T1  - Thermal synthesis of the optical pure pentapeptide derivative Z-(L)-Ala-(L)-Phe-Gly-(L)-Phe-Gly-OMe
JF  - Tetrahedron letters
Y1  - 1980
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)93618-9
SN  - 0040-4039
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 37
EP  - 40
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - El Bergui, Omnia
A1  - Abouabdillah, Aziz
A1  - Bourioug, Mohamed
A1  - Schmitz, Dominik
A1  - Biel, Markus
A1  - Aboudrare, Abdellah
A1  - Krauss, Manuel
A1  - Jomaa, Ahlem
A1  - Romuli, Sebastian
A1  - Müller, Joachim
A1  - Fagroud, Mustapha
A1  - Bouabid, Rachid
T1  - Innovative solutions for drought: Evaluating hydrogel application on onion cultivation (Allium cepa) in Morocco
JF  - Water
N2  - Throughout the last decade, and particularly in 2022, water scarcity has become a critical concern in Morocco and other Mediterranean countries. The lack of rainfall during spring was worsened by a succession of heat waves during the summer. To address this drought, innovative solutions, including the use of new technologies such as hydrogels, will be essential to transform agriculture. This paper presents the findings of a study that evaluated the impact of hydrogel application on onion (Allium cepa) cultivation in Meknes, Morocco. The treatments investigated in this study comprised two different types of hydrogel-based soil additives (Arbovit® polyacrylate and Huminsorb® polyacrylate), applied at two rates (30 and 20 kg/ha), and irrigated at two levels of water supply (100% and 50% of daily crop evapotranspiration; ETc). Two control treatments were included, without hydrogel application and with both water amounts. The experiment was conducted in an open field using a completely randomized design. The results indicated a significant impact of both hydrogel-type dose and water dose on onion plant growth, as evidenced by various vegetation parameters. Among the hydrogels tested, Huminsorb® Polyacrylate produced the most favorable outcomes, with treatment T9 (100%, HP, 30 kg/ha) yielding 70.55 t/ha; this represented an increase of 11 t/ha as compared to the 100% ETc treatment without hydrogel application. Moreover, the combination of hydrogel application with 50% ETc water stress showed promising results, with treatment T4 (HP, 30 kg, 50%) producing almost the same yield as the 100% ETc treatment without hydrogel while saving 208 mm of water.
KW  - water economy
KW  - yield
KW  - deficit irrigation
KW  - hydrogel
KW  - onion
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w15111972
VL  - 15
IS  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scheer, Nico
A1  - Kapelyukh, Yury
A1  - Rode, Anja
A1  - Oswald, Stefan
A1  - Busch, Diana
A1  - Mclaughlin, Lesley A.
A1  - Lin, De
A1  - Henderson, Colin J.
A1  - Wolf, C. Roland
T1  - Defining Human Pathways of Drug Metabolism In Vivo through the Development of a Multiple Humanized Mouse Model
JF  - Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.065656
SN  - 1521-009x
VL  - 43
IS  - 11
SP  - 1679
EP  - 1690
PB  - ASPET
CY  - Bethesda
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhang, Jin
A1  - Heimbach, Tycho
A1  - Scheer, Nico
A1  - Barve, Avantika
A1  - Li, Wenkui
A1  - Lin, Wen
A1  - He, Handan
T1  - Clinical Exposure Boost Predictions by Integrating Cytochrome P450 3A4–Humanized Mouse Studies With PBPK Modeling
JF  - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
N2  - NVS123 is a poorly water-soluble protease 56 inhibitor in clinical development. Data from in vitro hepatocyte studies suggested that NVS123 is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4. As a consequence of limited solubility, NVS123 therapeutic plasma exposures could not be achieved even with high doses and optimized formulations. One approach to overcome NVS123 developability issues was to increase plasma exposure by coadministrating it with an inhibitor of CYP3A4 such as ritonavir. A clinical boost effect was predicted by using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. However, initial boost predictions lacked sufficient confidence because a key parameter, fraction of drug metabolized by CYP3A4 (ƒₘCYP3A4), could not be estimated with accuracy on account of disconnects between in vitro and in vivo preclinical data. To accurately estimate ƒₘCYP3A4 in human, an in vivo boost effect study was conducted using CYP3A4-humanized mouse model which showed a 33- to 56-fold exposure boost effect. Using a top-down approach, human ƒₘCYP3A4 for NVS123 was estimated to be very high and included in the human PBPK modeling to support subsequent clinical study design. The combined use of the in vivo boost study in CYP3A4-humanized mouse model mice along with PBPK modeling accurately predicted the clinical outcome and identified a significant NVS123 exposure boost (∼42-fold increase) with ritonavir.
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.021
SN  - 0022-3549
VL  - Volume 105
IS  - Issue 4
SP  - 1398
EP  - 1404
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scheer, Nico
A1  - Balimane, Praveen
A1  - Hayward, Michael D.
A1  - Buechel, Sandra
A1  - Kauselmann, Gunther
A1  - Wolf, C. Roland
T1  - Generation and Characterization of a Novel Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 Humanized Mouse Line
JF  - Drug Metabolism and Disposition
N2  - The multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 2 is predominantly expressed in liver, intestine, and kidney, where it plays an important role in the excretion of a range of drugs and their metabolites or endogenous compounds into bile, feces, and urine. Mrp knockout [Mrp2(−/−)] mice have been used recently to study the role of MRP2 in drug disposition. Here, we describe the first generation and initial characterization of a mouse line humanized for MRP2 (huMRP2), which is nulled for the mouse Mrp2 gene and expresses the human transporter in the organs and cell types where MRP2 is normally expressed. Analysis of the mRNA expression for selected cytochrome P450 and transporter genes revealed no major changes in huMRP2 mice compared with wild-type controls. We show that human MRP2 is able to compensate functionally for the loss of the mouse transporter as demonstrated by comparable bilirubin levels in the humanized mice and wild-type controls, in contrast to the hyperbilirubinemia phenotype that is observed in MRP2(−/−) mice. The huMRP2 mouse provides a model to study the role of the human transporter in drug disposition and in assessing the in vivo consequences of inhibiting this transporter by compounds interacting with human MRP2.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.112.047605
SN  - 1521-0111
VL  - 40
IS  - 11
SP  - 2212
EP  - 2218
PB  - ASPET
CY  - Bethesda, Md.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abulnaga, El-Hussiny
A1  - Pinkenburg, Olaf
A1  - Schiffels, Johannes
A1  - E-Refai, Ahmed
A1  - Buckel, Wolfgang
A1  - Selmer, Thorsten
T1  - Effect of an Oxygen-Tolerant Bifurcating Butyryl Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase/Electron-Transferring Flavoprotein Complex from Clostridium difficile on Butyrate Production in Escherichia coli
JF  - Journal of bacteriology
Y1  - 2013
SN  - 1098-5530 [E-Journal]
SN  - 0021-9193 [Print]
VL  - 195
IS  - 16
SP  - 3704
EP  - 3713
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Meyer-Stork, L. Sebastian
A1  - Höcker, Hartwig
A1  - Berndt, Heinz
T1  - Syntheses and reactions of urethanes of cellobiose and cellulose-containing uretdione groups
JF  - Journal of applied polymer science
Y1  - 1992
SN  - 1097-4628
VL  - 44
IS  - 6
SP  - 1043
EP  - 1049
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Berndt, Heinz
A1  - Klostermeyer, Henning
A1  - Zahn, Helmut
T1  - Zur Synthese monomerer cyclischer Cystinpeptidderivate, I : Synthese der Sequenz A 6–9 des Schafinsulins als Cyclocystinylderivat
JF  - Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie
N2  - Es wird die Synthese der Sequenz A 6–9 des Schafinsulins in der geschützten Form Boc-Cys-Cys-Ala-Gly-OBuᵗ (5) sowie das Verhalten dieses monomeren cyclischen Cystinpeptidderivates gegenüber den in der Peptidchemie gebräuchlichen Reagenzien Bortrifluorid/Eisessig, Triäthylamin und Hydrazinhydrat beschrieben.
Y1  - 1972
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19727590109
SN  - 1099-0690
VL  - 759
IS  - 1
SP  - 114
EP  - 120
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhantlessova, Sirina
A1  - Savitskaya, Irina
A1  - Kistaubayeva, Aida
A1  - Ignatova, Ludmila
A1  - Talipova, Aizhan
A1  - Pogrebnjak, Alexander
A1  - Digel, Ilya
T1  - Advanced “Green” prebiotic composite of bacterial cellulose/pullulan based on synthetic biology-powered microbial coculture strategy
JF  - Polymers
N2  - Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer produced by different microorganisms, but in biotechnological practice, Komagataeibacter xylinus is used. The micro- and nanofibrillar structure of BC, which forms many different-sized pores, creates prerequisites for the introduction of other polymers into it, including those synthesized by other microorganisms. The study aims to develop a cocultivation system of BC and prebiotic producers to obtain BC-based composite material with prebiotic activity. In this study, pullulan (PUL) was found to stimulate the growth of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG better than the other microbial polysaccharides gellan and xanthan. BC/PUL biocomposite with prebiotic properties was obtained by cocultivation of Komagataeibacter xylinus and Aureobasidium pullulans, BC and PUL producers respectively, on molasses medium. The inclusion of PUL in BC is proved gravimetrically by scanning electron microscopy and by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Cocultivation demonstrated a composite effect on the aggregation and binding of BC fibers, which led to a significant improvement in mechanical properties. The developed approach for “grafting” of prebiotic activity on BC allows preparation of environmentally friendly composites of better quality.
KW  - coculture
KW  - pullulan
KW  - exopolysaccharides
KW  - prebiotic
KW  - bacterial cellulose
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14153224
SN  - 2073-4360
N1  - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Cellulose Based Composites"
VL  - 14
IS  - 15
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dallas, Shannon
A1  - Salphati, Laurent
A1  - Gomez-Zepeda, David
A1  - Wanek, Thomas
A1  - Chen, Liangfu
A1  - Chu, Xiaoyan
A1  - Kunta, Jeevan
A1  - Mezler, Mario
A1  - Menet, Marie-Claude
A1  - Chasseigneaux, Stephanie
A1  - Declèves, Xavier
A1  - Langer, Oliver
A1  - Pierre, Esaie
A1  - DiLoreto, Karen
A1  - Hoft, Carolin
A1  - Laplanche, Loic
A1  - Pang, Jodie
A1  - Pereira, Tony
A1  - Andonian, Clara
A1  - Simic, Damir
A1  - Rode, Anja
A1  - Yabut, Jocelyn
A1  - Zhang, Xiaolin
A1  - Scheer, Nico
T1  - Generation and Characterization of a Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Humanized Mouse Model
JF  - Molecular Pharmacology
N2  - Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is expressed in various tissues, such as the gut, liver, kidney and blood brain barrier (BBB), where it mediates the unidirectional transport of substrates to the apical/luminal side of polarized cells. Thereby BCRP acts as an efflux pump, mediating the elimination or restricting the entry of endogenous compounds or xenobiotics into tissues and it plays important roles in drug disposition, efficacy and safety. Bcrp knockout mice (Bcrp−/−) have been used widely to study the role of this transporter in limiting intestinal absorption and brain penetration of substrate compounds. Here we describe the first generation and characterization of a mouse line humanized for BCRP (hBCRP), in which the mouse coding sequence from the start to stop codon was replaced with the corresponding human genomic region, such that the human transporter is expressed under control of the murine Bcrp promoter. We demonstrate robust human and loss of mouse BCRP/Bcrp mRNA and protein expression in the hBCRP mice and the absence of major compensatory changes in the expression of other genes involved in drug metabolism and disposition. Pharmacokinetic and brain distribution studies with several BCRP probe substrates confirmed the functional activity of the human transporter in these mice. Furthermore, we provide practical examples for the use of hBCRP mice to study drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The hBCRP mouse is a promising model to study the in vivo role of human BCRP in limiting absorption and BBB penetration of substrate compounds and to investigate clinically relevant DDIs involving BCRP.
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.115.102079
SN  - 1521-0111
VL  - 89
IS  - 5
SP  - 492
EP  - 504
PB  - ASPET
CY  - Bethesda, Md.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Berndt, Heinz
T1  - Synthese der Sequenz 71—86 des Humanproinsulins, I : Synthese der Sequenz 71—86 als monomeres cyclisches Biscystinpeptidderivat und als Tetra-S-tritylderivat
JF  - Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie
Y1  - 1979
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/bchm2.1979.360.1.747
SN  - 1437-4315
SN  - 0018-4888
VL  - 360
IS  - 1
SP  - 747
EP  - 760
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Al-Kaidy, Huschyar
A1  - Duwe, Anna
A1  - Huster, Manuel
A1  - Muffler, Kai
A1  - Schlegel, Christin
A1  - Sieker, Tim
A1  - Stadtmüller, Ralf
A1  - Tippkötter, Nils
A1  - Ulber, Roland
T1  - Biotechnologie und Bioverfahrenstechnik – Vom ersten Ullmanns Artikel bis hin zu aktuellen Forschungsthemen
JF  - Chemie Ingenieur Technik
N2  - Biotechnologie und die mit ihr verbundenen technischen Prozesse prägen seit Jahrtausenden die Entwicklung der Menschheit. Ausgehend von empirischen Verfahren, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Lebensmitteln und täglichen Gebrauchsgütern, haben sich diese Disziplinen zu einem der innovativsten Zukunftsfelder entwickelt. Durch das immer detailliertere Verständnis zellulärer Vorgänge können mittlerweile Produktionsstämme gezielt optimiert werden. Im Zusammenspiel mit moderner Prozesstechnik können so eine Vielzahl von Bulk- und Feinchemikalien sowie Pharmazeutika effizient hergestellt werden. In diesem Artikel werden exemplarisch einige der aktuellen Trends vorgestellt.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201400083
SN  - 0009-286X
VL  - 86
IS  - 12
SP  - 2215
EP  - 2225
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Unden, G.
A1  - Becker, S.
A1  - Bongaerts, Johannes
A1  - Schirawski, J.
A1  - Six, S.
T1  - Oxygen regulated gene expression in facultatively anaerobic bacteria
JF  - Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Y1  - 1994
SN  - 0003-6072 (Print) ; 1572-9699 (online)
VL  - Vol. 66
IS  - Iss. 1-3
SP  - 3
EP  - 22
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pasteur, Aline
A1  - Tippkötter, Nils
A1  - Kampeis, Percy
A1  - Ulber, Roland
T1  - Optimization of high gradient magnetic separation filter units for the purification of fermentation products
JF  - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
N2  - High gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) has been established since the early 1970s. A more recent application of these systems is the use in bioprocesses. To integrate the HGMS in a fermentation process, it is necessary to optimize the separation matrix with regard to the magnetic separation characteristics and permeability of the non-magnetizable components of the fermentation broth. As part of the work presented here, a combined fluidic and magnetic force finite element model simulation was created using the software COMSOL Multiphysics and compared with separation experiments. Finally, as optimal lattice orientation of the separation matrix, a transversal rhombohedral arrangement was defined. The high suitability of the new filter matrix has been verified by separation experiments.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2014.2325535
SN  - 0018-9464
N1  - Article Sequence Number: 5000607
INSPEC Accession Number: 14663042
VL  - 50
IS  - 10
SP  - Artikel 5000607
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ulber, Roland
A1  - Tippkötter, Nils
T1  - Nitratfreie Molke
JF  - Rundschau für Fleischhygiene und Lebensmittelüberwachung
Y1  - 2009
IS  - 4
SP  - 150
EP  - 152
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wiesen, Sebastian
A1  - Tippkötter, Nils
A1  - Muffler, Kai
A1  - Suck, Kirstin
A1  - Sohling, Ulrich
A1  - Ruf, Friedrich
A1  - Ulber, Roland
T1  - Adsorption of fatty acids to layered double hydroxides in aqueous systems
JF  - Adsorption
N2  - Due to their anion exchange characteristics, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are suitable for the detoxification of aqueous, fatty acid containing fermentation substrates. The aim of this study is to examine the adsorption mechanism, using crude glycerol from plant oil esterification as a model system. Changes in the intercalation structure in relation to the amount of fatty acids adsorbed are monitored by X-ray diffraction and infra-red spectroscopy. Additionally, calcination of LDH is investigated in order to increase the binding capacity for fatty acids. Our data propose that, at ambient temperature, fatty acids can be bound to the hydrotalcite by adsorption or in addition by intercalation, depending on fatty acid concentration. The adsorption of fatty acids from crude glycerol shows a BET-like behavior. Above a fatty acid concentration of 3.5 g L−1, intercalation of fatty acids can be shown by the appearance of an increased interlayer spacing. This observation suggests a two phase adsorption process. Calcination of LDHs allows increasing the binding capacity for fatty acids by more than six times, mainly by reduction of structural CO32−.
Y1  - 2015
VL  - 21
IS  - 6-7
SP  - 459
EP  - 466
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mues genannt Koers, Lucas
A1  - Prevost, David
A1  - Paulßen, Elisabeth
A1  - Hoehr, Cornelia
T1  - Density reduction effects on the production of [11C]CO2 in Nb-body targets on a medical cyclotron
N2  - Medical isotope production of 11C is commonly performed in gaseous targets. The power deposition of the proton beam during the irradiation decreases the target density due to thermodynamic mixing and can cause an increase of penetration depth and divergence of the proton beam. In order to investigate the difference how the target-body length influences the operation conditions and the production yield, a 12 cm and a 22 cm Nb-target body containing N2/O2 gas were irradiated using a 13 MeV proton cyclotron. It was found that the density reduction has a large influence on the pressure rise during irradiation and the achievable radioactive yield. The saturation activity of [11C]CO2 for the long target (0.083 Ci/μA) is about 10% higher than in the short target geometry (0.075 Ci/μA).
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110911
VL  - 199
IS  - Art. 110911
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -