TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Bartz, R.
A1  - Hansen, W.
T1  - Flexibles elektronisches Verbrennungsmotoren-Indiziersystem (FEVIS)
JF  - Vorträge und Kurzreferate : 13. und 14. November 1990, Congress Centrum, Magdeburg / Technische Universität "Otto von Guericke" Magdeburg, Fakultät für Thermischen Maschinenbau, Institut für Maschinenmeßtechnik, Kolbenmaschinen und Instandhaltung
Y1  - 1991
N1  - ergänzter Nachdr., als Ms. gedr.
SP  - 485
EP  - 491
CY  - Magdeburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Bartz, R.
A1  - Hilger, U.
A1  - Siedentop, M.
T1  - Intelligent Alcohol Fuel Sensor
Y1  - 1990
N1  - SAE- Paper-No.: 900231, SAE International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Feb. 26 - March 2, 1990
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Damann, H.
A1  - Schmit, H. J.
T1  - Design and Analysis of a Waveguide Isolator with a Form-Birefringent Top Layer
JF  - ECOC '84 : Conference proceedings ; 10th European Conference on Optical Communication, September 3 - 6, 1984 Liederhalle Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany / Organized by Nachrichtentechn. Ges. im VDE (NTG).
Y1  - 1984
SN  - 3-8007-1383-7
SP  - 42
PB  - VDE-Verl.
CY  - Berlin [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Oligschläger, U.
A1  - Eifler, G.
A1  - Lechner, H.
T1  - Automated System for Optimized Calibration of Engine Management Systems
Y1  - 1994
N1  - SAE International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Feb. 28 - March 3 ; SAE- Paper-No.: 940151 ; <a href=
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Pischinger, M.
T1  - Mechatronische Simulation eines EMV- Aktuators
JF  - TransMechatronik : Entwicklung und Transfer von Entwicklungssystemen der Mechatronik / Paderborner Workshop TransMechatronik, 24. Juni 1997, Heinz-Nixdorf-MuseumsForum. [Hrsg. Jürgen Gausemeier]
Y1  - 1997
SN  - 3-931466-22-1
N1  - HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe ; 23
SP  - 69
EP  - 83
PB  - Heinz-Nixdorf-Inst., Univ.-GH Paderborn
CY  - Paderborn
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Roetert, J.
A1  - Pischinger, M.
T1  - A Fast Intelligent VMEbus System for Combustion Analysis in Engines
JF  - 19th [nineteenth] International Symposium on Automotive Technology & [and] Automation : with particular reference to cell control and quality management systems for the manufacturing industries; Monte Carlo, 24. - 28. October 1988.
Y1  - 1988
SN  - 0947719229
SP  - 381
EP  - 391
PB  - Automotive Automation Ltd
CY  - Croydon
ER  - 
TY  - PAT
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Schebitz, Michael
A1  - Esch, Thomas
T1  - Aus der Ruhelage selbstanziehender elektromagnetischer Aktuator
N2  - Elektromagnetischer Aktuator zur Betätigung eines Stellgliedes (2), mit wenigstens einem Elektromagneten (4) und einem mit dem Stellglied (2) verbundenen Anker (3), der gegen die Kraft einer Rückstellfeder (6) aus seiner Ruhelage in Richtung auf den Elektromagneten (4) bewegbar ist, mit einer Rückstellfeder (6), die eine nicht lineare, bezogen auf die Ruhelage des Ankers (3) progressiv ansteigende Kennlinie aufweist.
Y1  - 1997
N1  - Patent DE000019529152B4 2005.12.29
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Schmitt, H. J.
T1  - Anisotrope Filmwellenleiter für nichtreziproke optische Bauelemente
JF  - URSI: Kleinheubacher Tagung am 3.10.83 / Hrsg.: Deutsche Telekom AG
Y1  - 1984
SN  - 0343-5725
SP  - 51
CY  - Darmstadt
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Schmitt, H.J.
A1  - Dammann, H.
T1  - Weakly Guiding Semileaky Isolator with a Form-Birefringent Top Layer
JF  - Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics ; (5, 1985, Baltimore, Md.) ; Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO '85) ; (1985.05.21-24 ; Baltimore, Md.)
Y1  - 1985
SP  - 260
PB  - Optical Society of America
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Spicher, U.
A1  - Kollmeier, H.P.
T1  - Application of a New Optical-Fiber Technique for Flame Propagation Diagnostics in IC Engines
Y1  - 1988
N1  - SAE- Paper-No.: 881637, 1988 SAE International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition, Portland, October 10-13, 1988
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Vom Hemdt, A.
A1  - Breitschuh, S.
A1  - Graber, S.
T1  - Virtuelle Praktika für die Ingenieurausbildung
JF  - NetWorlds : Leben und Arbeiten in vernetzten Welten ; VDE-Kongress 2002, 21. bis 23. Oktober 2002 in Dresden / Gesamtleitung: J. Eberspächer
Y1  - 2002
SN  - 3-8007-2723-4
SP  - 69
EP  - 74
PB  - VDE-Verl.
CY  - Berlin [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Schmülling, Max
A1  - Gützlaff, Joel
A1  - Czupalla, Markus
T1  - A thermal simulation environment for moving objects on the lunar surface
N2  - This paper presents a thermal simulation environment for moving objects on the lunar surface. The goal of the thermal simulation environment is to enable the reliable prediction of the temperature development of a given object on the lunar surface by providing the respective heat fluxes for a mission on a given travel path. The user can import any object geometry and freely define the path that the object should travel. Using the path of the object, the relevant lunar surface geometry is imported from a digital elevation model. The relevant parts of the lunar surface are determined based on distance to the defined path. A thermal model of these surface sections is generated, consisting of a porous layer on top and a denser layer below. The object is moved across the lunar surface, and its inclination is adapted depending on the slope of the terrain below it. Finally, a transient thermal analysis of the object and its environment is performed at several positions on its path and the results are visualized. The paper introduces details on the thermal modeling of the lunar surface, as well as its verification. Furthermore, the structure of the created software is presented. The robustness of the environment is verified with the help of sensitivity studies and possible improvements are presented.
KW  - Dynamic modeling
KW  - Thermal analysis
KW  - ESATAN-TMS
KW  - Lunar Surface
KW  - Thermal Model
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3902363/v1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scholz, A.
A1  - Ley, Wilfried
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Miau, J. J.
A1  - Juang, J. C.
T1  - Flight results of the COMPASS-1 picosatellite mission
JF  - Acta Astronautica. 67 (2010), H. 9-10
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 0094-5765
SP  - 1289
EP  - 1298
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scholz, Christina
A1  - Romagnoli, Daniele
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Theil, Stephan
T1  - Performance analysis of an attitude control system for solar sails using sliding masses
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011
SN  - 0273-1177
VL  - 48
IS  - 11
SP  - 1822
EP  - 1835
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schopen, Oliver
A1  - Kemper, Hans
A1  - Esch, Thomas
T1  - Development of a comparison methodology and evaluation matrix for electrically driven compressors in ICE and FC
T2  - Proceedings of the 1st UNITED – Southeast Asia Automotive Interest Group (SAIG) International Conference
N2  - In addition to electromobility and alternative drive systems, a focus is set on electrically driven compressors (EDC), with a high potential for increasing the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE) and fuel cells [01]. The primary objective is to increase the ICE torque, provided independently of the ICE speed by compressing the intake air and consequently the ICE filling level supported by the compressor. For operation independent from the ICE speed, the EDC compressor is decoupled from the turbine by using an electric compressor motor (CM) instead of the turbine. ICE performances can be increased by the use of EDC where individual compressor parameters are adapted to the respective application area [02] [03]. This task contains great challenges, increased by demands with regard to pollutant reduction while maintaining constant performance and reduced fuel consumption. The FH-Aachen is equipped with an EDC test bench which enables EDC-investigations in various configurations and operating modes. Characteristic properties of different compressors can be determined, which build the basis for a comparison methodology. Subject of this project is the development of a comparison methodology for EDC with an associated evaluation method and a defined overall evaluation method. For the application of this comparison methodology, corresponding series of measurements are carried out on the EDC test bench using an appropriate test device.
KW  - electro mobility
KW  - fuel cell
KW  - internal combustion engine
KW  - electrically driven compressors
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-902103-94-9
N1  - 1st UNITED-SAIG International Conference, 21-22 APR 2021, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
SP  - 45
EP  - 46
PB  - FH Joanneum
CY  - Graz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schopen, Oliver
A1  - Narayan, Sriram
A1  - Beckmann, Marvin
A1  - Najmi, Aezid-Ul-Hassan
A1  - Esch, Thomas
A1  - Shabani, Bahman
T1  - An EIS approach to quantify the effects of inlet air relative humidity on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: a pathway to developing a novel fault diagnostic method
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
N2  - In this work, the effect of low air relative humidity on the operation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is investigated. An innovative method through performing in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is utilised to quantify the effect of inlet air relative humidity at the cathode side on internal ionic resistances and output voltage of the fuel cell. In addition, algorithms are developed to analyse the electrochemical characteristics of the fuel cell. For the specific fuel cell stack used in this study, the membrane resistance drops by over 39 % and the cathode side charge transfer resistance decreases by 23 % after increasing the humidity from 30 % to 85 %, while the results of static operation also show an increase of ∼2.2 % in the voltage output after increasing the relative humidity from 30 % to 85 %. In dynamic operation, visible drying effects occur at < 50 % relative humidity, whereby the increase of the air side stoichiometry increases the drying effects. Furthermore, other parameters, such as hydrogen humidification, internal stack structure, and operating parameters like stoichiometry, pressure, and temperature affect the overall water balance. Therefore, the optimal humidification range must be determined by considering all these parameters to maximise the fuel cell performance and durability. The results of this study are used to develop a health management system to ensure sufficient humidification by continuously monitoring the fuel cell polarisation data and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicators.
KW  - PEM fuel cell
KW  - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
KW  - Relative air humidity
KW  - Active humidity control
KW  - Impedance analysis
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 0360-3199 (print)
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.01.218
SN  - 1879-3487 (online)
VL  - 58
IS  - 8
SP  - 1302
EP  - 1315
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schopen, Oliver
A1  - Shabani, Bahman
A1  - Esch, Thomas
A1  - Kemper, Hans
A1  - Shah, Neel
ED  - Rahim, S.A.
ED  - As'arry, A.
ED  - Zuhri, M.Y.M.
ED  - Harmin, M.Y.
ED  - Rezali, K.A.M.
ED  - Hairuddin, A.A.
T1  - Quantitative evaluation of health management designs for fuel cell systems in transport vehicles
T2  - 2nd UNITED-SAIG International Conference Proceedings
N2  - Focusing on transport vehicles, mainly with regard to aviation applications, this paper presents compilation and subsequent quantitative evaluation of methods aimed at building an optimum integrated health management solution for fuel cell systems. The methods are divided into two different main types and compiled in a related scheme. Furthermore, different methods are analysed and evaluated based on parameters specific to the aviation context of this study. Finally, the most suitable method for use in fuel cell health management systems is identified and its performance and suitability is quantified.
KW  - aviation application
KW  - health management systems
KW  - fuel cell systems
Y1  - 2022
N1  - 2nd UNITED-SAIG International Conference, 23-24 May 2022, Putrajaya, Malaysia
SP  - 1
EP  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schopen, Oliver
A1  - Shah, Neel
A1  - Esch, Thomas
A1  - Shabani, Bahman
T1  - Critical quantitative evaluation of integrated health management methods for fuel cell applications
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
N2  - Online fault diagnostics is a crucial consideration for fuel cell systems, particularly in mobile applications, to limit downtime and degradation, and to increase lifetime. Guided by a critical literature review, in this paper an overview of Health management systems classified in a scheme is presented, introducing commonly utilised methods to diagnose FCs in various applications. In this novel scheme, various Health management system methods are summarised and structured to provide an overview of existing systems including their associated tools. These systems are classified into four categories mainly focused on model-based and non-model-based systems. The individual methods are critically discussed when used individually or combined aimed at further understanding their functionality and suitability in different applications. Additionally, a tool is introduced to evaluate methods from each category based on the scheme presented. This tool applies the technique of matrix evaluation utilising several key parameters to identify the most appropriate methods for a given application. Based on this evaluation, the most suitable methods for each specific application are combined to build an integrated Health management system.
KW  - Fuel cell
KW  - Health management system
KW  - Online diagnostic
KW  - Fault detection
KW  - Non-model-based Evaluation
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.05.156
SN  - 0360-3199
VL  - 70
SP  - 370
EP  - 388
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schoutetens, Frederic
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Heiligers, Jeannette
T1  - Optimisation of photon-sail trajectories in the alpha-centauri system using evolutionary neurocontrol
T2  - 8th ICATT 2021
N2  - With the increased interest for interstellar exploration after the discovery of exoplanets and the proposal by Breakthrough Starshot, this paper investigates the optimisation of photon-sail trajectories in Alpha Centauri. The prime objective is to find the optimal steering strategy for a photonic sail to get captured around one of the stars after a minimum-time transfer from Earth. By extending the idea of the Breakthrough Starshot project with a deceleration phase upon arrival, the mission’s scientific yield will be increased. As a secondary objective, transfer trajectories between the stars and orbit-raising manoeuvres to explore the habitable zones of the stars are investigated. All trajectories are optimised for minimum time of flight using the trajectory optimisation software InTrance. Depending on the sail technology, interstellar travel times of 77.6-18,790 years can be achieved, which presents an average improvement of 30% with respect to previous work. Still, significant technological development is required to reach and be captured in the Alpha-Centauri system in less than a century. Therefore, a fly-through mission arguably remains the only option for a first exploratory mission to Alpha Centauri, but the enticing results obtained in this work provide perspective for future long-residence missions to our closest neighbouring star system.
Y1  - 2021
N1  - 8th ICATT (International Conference on Astrodynamics Tools and Techniques), 23 - 25 June 2021, Virtual
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schulze, Sven
A1  - Feyerl, Günter
A1  - Pischinger, Stefan
T1  - Advanced ECMS for hybrid electric heavy-duty trucks with predictive battery discharge and adaptive operating strategy under real driving conditions
JF  - Energies
N2  - To fulfil the CO2 emission reduction targets of the European Union (EU), heavy-duty (HD) trucks need to operate 15% more efficiently by 2025 and 30% by 2030. Their electrification is necessary as conventional HD trucks are already optimized for the long-haul application. The resulting hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) truck gains most of the fuel saving potential by the recuperation of potential energy and its consecutive utilization. The key to utilizing the full potential of HEV-HD trucks is to maximize the amount of recuperated energy and ensure its intelligent usage while keeping the operating point of the internal combustion engine as efficient as possible. To achieve this goal, an intelligent energy management strategy (EMS) based on ECMS is developed for a parallel HEV-HD truck which uses predictive discharge of the battery and adaptive operating strategy regarding the height profile and the vehicle mass. The presented EMS can reproduce the global optimal operating strategy over long phases and lead to a fuel saving potential of up to 2% compared with a heuristic strategy. Furthermore, the fuel saving potential is correlated with the investigated boundary conditions to deepen the understanding of the impact of intelligent EMS for HEV-HD trucks.
KW  - Energy management strategies
KW  - ECMS
KW  - CO2 emission reduction targets
KW  - Driving cycle recognition
KW  - Predictive battery discharge
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135171
SN  - 1996-1073
N1  - The article belongs to the Special Issue "Energy Management Strategies of Electrified Vehicles toward the Real-World Driving".
VL  - 16
IS  - 13
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -