TY - JOUR A1 - Dellmann, Sophia Florence A1 - Glorius, J. A1 - Litvinov, Yu A. A1 - Reifarth, R. A1 - Al-Khasawneh, Kafa A1 - Aliotta, M. A1 - Bott, L. A1 - Brückner, Benjamin A1 - Bruno, C. G. A1 - Chen, Ruijiu A1 - Davinson, T. A1 - Dickel, T. A1 - Dillmann, Iris A1 - Dmytriev, D. A1 - Erbacher, P. A1 - Freire-Fernández, D. A1 - Forstner, Oliver A1 - Geissel, H. A1 - Göbel, K. A1 - Griffin, Christopher J. A1 - Grisenti, R. A1 - Gumberidze, Alexandre A1 - Haettner, Emma A1 - Hagmann, Siegbert A1 - Heil, M. A1 - Heß, R. A1 - Hillenbrand, P.-M. A1 - Joseph, R. A1 - Jurado, B. A1 - Kozhuharov, Christophor A1 - Kulikov, I. A1 - Löher, Bastian A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Leckenby, Guy A1 - Lederer-Woods, C. A1 - Lestinsky, M. A1 - Litvinov, S. A. A1 - Lorenz, B. A. A1 - Lorenz, E. A1 - Marsh, J. A1 - Menz, Esther Babette A1 - Morgenroth, T. A1 - Petridis, N. A1 - Pibernat, Jerome A1 - Popp, U. A1 - Psaltis, Athanasios A1 - Sanjari, Shahab A1 - Scheidenberger, C. A1 - Sguazzin, M. A1 - Sidhu, Ragandeep Singh A1 - Spillmann, Uwe A1 - Steck, M. A1 - Stöhlker, T. A1 - Surzhykov, A. A1 - Swartz, J. A. A1 - Törnqvist, H. A1 - Varga, L. A1 - Vescovi, Diego A1 - Weick, H. A1 - Weigand, M. A1 - Woods, P. A1 - Xing, Y. A1 - Yamaguchi, Taiyo T1 - Proton capture on stored radioactive ¹¹⁸Te ions JF - EPJ Web of Conferences N2 - Experimental determination of the cross sections of proton capture on radioactive nuclei is extremely difficult. Therefore, it is of substantial interest for the understanding of the production of the p-nuclei. For the first time, a direct measurement of proton-capture cross sections on stored, radioactive ions became possible in an energy range of interest for nuclear astrophysics. The experiment was performed at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI by making use of a sensitive method to measure (p,γ) and (p,n) reactions in inverse kinematics. These reaction channels are of high relevance for the nucleosyn-thesis processes in supernovae, which are among the most violent explosions in the universe and are not yet well understood. The cross section of the ¹¹⁸Te(p,γ) reaction has been measured at energies of 6 MeV/u and 7 MeV/u. The heavy ions interacted with a hydrogen gas jet target. The radiative recombination process of the fully stripped ¹¹⁸Te ions and electrons from the hydrogen target was used as a luminosity monitor. An overview of the experimental method and preliminary results from the ongoing analysis will be presented. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327911018 SN - 2100-014X N1 - Volume 279, 2023. Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics – X (NPA-X 2022). VL - 279 IS - Article Number: 11018 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - EDP Sciences ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dachwald, Bernd A1 - Ulamec, Stephan A1 - Kowalski, Julia A1 - Boxberg, Marc S. A1 - Baader, Fabian A1 - Biele, Jens A1 - Kömle, Norbert ED - Badescu, Viorel ED - Zacny, Kris ED - Bar-Cohen, Yoseph T1 - Ice melting probes T2 - Handbook of Space Resources N2 - The exploration of icy environments in the solar system, such as the poles of Mars and the icy moons (a.k.a. ocean worlds), is a key aspect for understanding their astrobiological potential as well as for extraterrestrial resource inspection. On these worlds, ice melting probes are considered to be well suited for the robotic clean execution of such missions. In this chapter, we describe ice melting probes and their applications, the physics of ice melting and how the melting behavior can be modeled and simulated numerically, the challenges for ice melting, and the required key technologies to deal with those challenges. We also give an overview of existing ice melting probes and report some results and lessons learned from laboratory and field tests. KW - Ice melting probe KW - Ice penetration KW - Icy moons KW - Ocean worlds KW - Mars Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-030-97912-6 (Print) SN - 978-3-030-97913-3 (Online) U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97913-3_29 SP - 955 EP - 996 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Chircu, Alina A1 - Czarnecki, Christian A1 - Friedmann, Daniel A1 - Pomaskow, Johanna A1 - Sultanow, Eldar T1 - Towards a Digital Twin of Society T2 - Proceedings of the 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2023 N2 - This paper describes the potential for developing a digital twin of society- a dynamic model that can be used to observe, analyze, and predict the evolution of various societal aspects. Such a digital twin can help governmental agencies and policy makers in interpreting trends, understanding challenges, and making decisions regarding investments or policies necessary to support societal development and ensure future prosperity. The paper reviews related work regarding the digital twin paradigm and its applications. The paper presents a motivating case study- an analysis of opportunities and challenges faced by the German federal employment agency, Bundesagentur f¨ur Arbeit (BA), proposes solutions using digital twins, and describes initial proofs of concept for such solutions. KW - Digital twin KW - Digital transformation KW - Prototype KW - Society KW - Stress testing Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-0-9981331-6-4 SP - 6748 EP - 6757 PB - University of Hawai'i CY - Honolulu ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheng, Chi-Tsun A1 - Wollert, Jörg A1 - Chen, Xi A1 - Fapojuwo, Abraham O. T1 - Guest Editorial : Circuits and Systems for Industry X.0 Applications JF - IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JETCAS.2023.3278843 SN - 2156-3357 (Print) SN - 2156-3365 (Online) VL - 13 SP - 457 EP - 460 PB - IEEE CY - New York ET - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheenakula, Dheeraja A1 - Paulsen, Svea A1 - Ott, Fabian A1 - Grömping, Markus T1 - Operational window of a deammonifying sludge for mainstream application in a municipal wastewater treatment plant JF - Water and Environment Journal N2 - The present work aimed to study the mainstream feasibility of the deammonifying sludge of side stream of municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) in Kaster, Germany. For this purpose, the deammonifying sludge available at the side stream was investigated for nitrogen (N) removal with respect to the operational factors temperature (15–30°C), pH value (6.0–8.0) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N ratio (≤1.5–6.0). The highest and lowest N-removal rates of 0.13 and 0.045 kg/(m³ d) are achieved at 30 and 15°C, respectively. Different conditions of pH and COD/N ratios in the SBRs of Partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) significantly influenced both the metabolic processes and associated N-removal rates. The scientific insights gained from the current work signifies the possibility of mainstream PN/A at WWTPs. The current study forms a solid basis of operational window for the upcoming semi-technical trails to be conducted prior to the full-scale mainstream PN/A at WWTP Kaster and WWTPs globally. KW - Anammox KW - Mainstream KW - Nitrogen removal KW - Partial nitritation KW - Wastewater Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wej.12898 SN - 1747-6593 N1 - Corresponding author: Dheeraja Cheenakula IS - Early View SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheenakula, Dheeraja A1 - Griebel, Kai A1 - Montag, David A1 - Grömping, Markus ED - Huang, Xiaowu T1 - Concept development of a mainstream deammonification and comparison with conventional process in terms of energy, performance and economical construction perspectives JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - Deammonification for nitrogen removal in municipal wastewater in temperate and cold climate zones is currently limited to the side stream of municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTP). This study developed a conceptual model of a mainstream deammonification plant, designed for 30,000 P.E., considering possible solutions corresponding to the challenging mainstream conditions in Germany. In addition, the energy-saving potential, nitrogen elimination performance and construction-related costs of mainstream deammonification were compared to a conventional plant model, having a single-stage activated sludge process with upstream denitrification. The results revealed that an additional treatment step by combining chemical precipitation and ultra-fine screening is advantageous prior the mainstream deammonification. Hereby chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be reduced by 80% so that the COD:N ratio can be reduced from 12 to 2.5. Laboratory experiments testing mainstream conditions of temperature (8–20°C), pH (6–9) and COD:N ratio (1–6) showed an achievable volumetric nitrogen removal rate (VNRR) of at least 50 gN/(m3∙d) for various deammonifying sludges from side stream deammonification systems in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, where m3 denotes reactor volume. Assuming a retained Norganic content of 0.0035 kgNorg./(P.E.∙d) from the daily loads of N at carbon removal stage and a VNRR of 50 gN/(m3∙d) under mainstream conditions, a resident-specific reactor volume of 0.115 m3/(P.E.) is required for mainstream deammonification. This is in the same order of magnitude as the conventional activated sludge process, i.e., 0.173 m3/(P.E.) for an MWWTP of size class of 4. The conventional plant model yielded a total specific electricity demand of 35 kWh/(P.E.∙a) for the operation of the whole MWWTP and an energy recovery potential of 15.8 kWh/(P.E.∙a) through anaerobic digestion. In contrast, the developed mainstream deammonification model plant would require only a 21.5 kWh/(P.E.∙a) energy demand and result in 24 kWh/(P.E.∙a) energy recovery potential, enabling the mainstream deammonification model plant to be self-sufficient. The retrofitting costs for the implementation of mainstream deammonification in existing conventional MWWTPs are nearly negligible as the existing units like activated sludge reactors, aerators and monitoring technology are reusable. However, the mainstream deammonification must meet the performance requirement of VNRR of about 50 gN/(m3∙d) in this case. KW - anammox KW - energy efficiency KW - mainstream deammonification KW - nitrogen elimination KW - wastewater Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1155235 SN - 1664-302X VL - 14 IS - 11155235 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Büsgen, André A1 - Klöser, Lars A1 - Kohl, Philipp A1 - Schmidts, Oliver A1 - Kraft, Bodo A1 - Zündorf, Albert ED - Cuzzocrea, Alfredo ED - Gusikhin, Oleg ED - Hammoudi, Slimane ED - Quix, Christoph T1 - From cracked accounts to fake IDs: user profiling on German telegram black market channels T2 - Data Management Technologies and Applications N2 - Messenger apps like WhatsApp and Telegram are frequently used for everyday communication, but they can also be utilized as a platform for illegal activity. Telegram allows public groups with up to 200.000 participants. Criminals use these public groups for trading illegal commodities and services, which becomes a concern for law enforcement agencies, who manually monitor suspicious activity in these chat rooms. This research demonstrates how natural language processing (NLP) can assist in analyzing these chat rooms, providing an explorative overview of the domain and facilitating purposeful analyses of user behavior. We provide a publicly available corpus of annotated text messages with entities and relations from four self-proclaimed black market chat rooms. Our pipeline approach aggregates the extracted product attributes from user messages to profiles and uses these with their sold products as features for clustering. The extracted structured information is the foundation for further data exploration, such as identifying the top vendors or fine-granular price analyses. Our evaluation shows that pretrained word vectors perform better for unsupervised clustering than state-of-the-art transformer models, while the latter is still superior for sequence labeling. KW - Clustering KW - Natural language processing KW - Information extraction KW - Profile extraction KW - Text mining Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-37889-8 (Print) SN - 978-3-031-37890-4 (Online) U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37890-4_9 N1 - 10th International Conference, DATA 2021, Virtual Event, July 6–8, 2021, and 11th International Conference, DATA 2022, Lisbon, Portugal, July 11-13, 2022 SP - 176 EP - 202 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Böhnisch, Nils A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Muscarello, Vincenzo A1 - Marzocca, Pier T1 - A sensitivity study on aeroelastic instabilities of slender wings with a large propeller JF - AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum N2 - Next-generation aircraft designs often incorporate multiple large propellers attached along the wingspan. These highly flexible dynamic systems can exhibit uncommon aeroelastic instabilities, which should be carefully investigated to ensure safe operation. The interaction between the propeller and the wing is of particular importance. It is known that whirl flutter is stabilized by wing motion and wing aerodynamics. This paper investigates the effect of a propeller onto wing flutter as a function of span position and mounting stiffness between the propeller and wing. The analysis of a comparison between a tractor and pusher configuration has shown that the coupled system is more stable than the standalone wing for propeller positions near the wing tip for both configurations. The wing fluttermechanism is mostly affected by the mass of the propeller and the resulting change in eigenfrequencies of the wing. For very weak mounting stiffnesses, whirl flutter occurs, which was shown to be stabilized compared to a standalone propeller due to wing motion. On the other hand, the pusher configuration is, as to be expected, the more critical configuration due to the attached mass behind the elastic axis. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1893 N1 - AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum, 23-27 January 2023, National Harbor, MD & Online SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - AIAA ER - TY - THES A1 - Bähr, Luisa T1 - Localution : Entwicklung eines digitalen Lösungsmodells zur Verbindung des digitalen und stationären Handels N2 - Die Nutzung des Onlinehandels steigt seit Jahren kontinuierlich an. Für Händler:innen und ganz besonders für kleine Anbieter:innen, die zunehmend von größeren verdrängt werden, ist es wichtiger denn je, ihren Onlineauftritt auf den neuesten Stand zu bringen. Doch stellt dies die kleineren Anbieter:innen oftmals vor große Herausforderungen, denn der digitale Handel muss stets aktualisiert werden und kostet Zeit, Aufwand und Geld. „Localution“ ist eine digitale Plattform, die es lokalen Anbieter:innen möglich macht, mit wenig Aufwand eine Webseite aufzubauen. Zusätzlich sind Angebote buchbar, die den stationären Handel optimieren. Für Konsument:innen bietet „Localution“ die Möglichkeit, lokale Anbieter:innen in der Nähe zu finden und Termine zu buchen. KW - Onlinehandel KW - Lokal KW - Interaktive Gestaltung KW - Onlinepräsenz KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2023 PB - FH Aachen CY - Aachen ER - TY - THES A1 - Brügging, Justus Wilhelm T1 - Das Keramikmuseum KERAMION : Entwicklung eines neuen Erscheinungsbildes N2 - Das KERAMION beherbergt ein breites Sortiment an historischen Keramikstücken wie auch modernen künstlerischen Keramikarbeiten. Bei der neuen Konzeptionierung des Museums wurde eine Verbindung der historischen Sammlung und der modernen Kunst geschaffen, als Visualisierung dafür steht die eigens für das Museum erstellte Schrift. In dieser Schrift wird eine historische, schwungvolle Kurrentschrift aus dem 16. Jahrhundert mit einer modernen kantigen Serifenschrift verbunden. Daraus entsteht eine Schrift, die die Breite der Keramik widerspiegelt und von Steingut bis Porzellan alle Facetten aufgreift. Gepaart wird die einzigartige Schrift mit einem auf das Zentrum ausgerichteten Layoutprinzip, bei dem 3D Scans der Exponate in den Fokus rücken. Somit können die Besucher*innen auch von zu Hause einen Vorgeschmack auf die einzigartigen Materialien und Keramiktechniken bekommen. KW - Keramik KW - Museum KW - Typografie KW - Corporate Design KW - 3D Scan Y1 - 2023 PB - FH Aachen CY - Aachen ER - TY - THES A1 - Brunsbach, Katharina T1 - Lesesessel im dänischen Stil N2 - Bei dem Möbel wurde Wert auf Nachhaltigkeit, Langlebigkeit und zeitloses Design gelegt. Ziel war es, ein Möbel zu entwerfen, welches bequem, minimalistisch und alltagstauglich ist. Der Sessel mit passendem Hocker besteht aus einem Holzgestell mit aufliegenden Polstern. Die Gestelle sind aus Rüsterholz mit handwerklichen Verbindungen gefertigt. Die Polster bestehen aus 10 cm dickem Schaumstoff, bezogen mit einem Chenille Möbelstoff. Durch lösbare Verbindungen und Sitzlatten, die in Austaschungen gesteckt werden, lassen sich die Möbel vom Endkunden leicht selbst aufbauen und ermöglichen einen flachen Versandkarton. Der Sessel lädt zum Entspannen und Lesen ein. Er ist bequem und gewährleistet dadurch ein stundenlanges Nutzen. „HVILE“ ein Ort der Ruhe und Eintritt in eine andere Welt. KW - Lesesessel KW - Dänisch KW - Holzverbindungen KW - Polster KW - Rüster Y1 - 2023 PB - FH Aachen CY - Aachen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bruksle, Ieva A1 - Chwallek, Constanze A1 - Krastina, Anzelika T1 - Strengthening sustainability in entrepreneurship education - implications for shifting entrepreneurial thinking towards sustainability at universities JF - ACTA PROSPERITATIS N2 - By developing innovative solutions to social and environmental problems, sustainable ventures carry greatpotential. Entrepreneurship which focuses especially on new venture creation can be developed through education anduniversities, in particular, are called upon to provide an impetus for social change. But social innovations are associatedwith certain hurdles, which are related to the multi-dimensionality, i.e. the tension between creating social,environmental and economic value and dealing with a multiplicity of stakeholders. The already complex field ofentrepreneurship education has to face these challenges. This paper, therefore, aims to identify starting points for theintegration of sustainability into entrepreneurship education. To pursue this goal experiences from three differentproject initiatives between the partner universities: Lapland University of Applied Sciences, FH Aachen University ofApplied Sciences and Turiba University are reflected and findings are systematically condensed into recommendationsfor education on sustainable entrepreneurship. KW - climate change KW - entrepreneurship education KW - Finland KW - Germany KW - Latvia Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.37804/1691-6077-2023-14-37-48 SN - 1691-6077 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 37 EP - 48 PB - Sciendo ER - TY - PAT A1 - Bragard, Michael A1 - Hüning, Felix A1 - Kowalewski, Paul T1 - Vorrichtung zur Relativlagenbestimmung [Offenlegungschrift] N2 - Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Relativlage zwischen einem feststehenden Teil und einem zu demselben in eine Bewegungsrichtung bewegbaren beweglichen Teil, wobei der feststehende Teil mit einem Wiegandsensor versehen ist, wobei der Wiegandsensor zwischen zwei gegenpolig zueinander ausgebildeten Permanentmagneten angeordnet ist und dass der bewegliche Teil eine Mehrzahl von beabstandet zueinander angeordneten Magnetisierungsstegen aus einem magnetisch leitenden Material aufweist, die in der Bewegungsrichtung zumindest eine gleich große Erstreckung aufweisen wie der Permanentmagnet, dass ein Abstand zwischen benachbarten Magnetisierungsstegen derart gewählt ist, dass in einer ersten Relativlage ein erster Permanentmagnet von einem der Magnetisierungsstege überdeckt ist und ein zweiter Permanentmagnet nicht von einem der Magnetisierungsstege überdeckt ist. Y1 - 2023 N1 - Offenlegungschrift zu DE102022115350A1 2023.12.21 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Bornheim, Tobias A1 - Niklas, Grieger A1 - Blaneck, Patrick Gustav A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Preprint: Speaker attribution in German parliamentary debates with QLoRA-adapted large language models T2 - Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics N2 - The growing body of political texts opens up new opportunities for rich insights into political dynamics and ideologies but also increases the workload for manual analysis. Automated speaker attribution, which detects who said what to whom in a speech event and is closely related to semantic role labeling, is an important processing step for computational text analysis. We study the potential of the large language model family Llama 2 to automate speaker attribution in German parliamentary debates from 2017-2021. We fine-tune Llama 2 with QLoRA, an efficient training strategy, and observe our approach to achieve competitive performance in the GermEval 2023 Shared Task On Speaker Attribution in German News Articles and Parliamentary Debates. Our results shed light on the capabilities of large language models in automating speaker attribution, revealing a promising avenue for computational analysis of political discourse and the development of semantic role labeling systems. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.09902 N1 - Veröffentlichte Version verfügbar unter: https://doi.org/10.21248/jlcl.37.2024.244 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Block, Franziska A1 - May, Alexander A1 - Wetzel, Katharina A1 - Adels, Klaudia A1 - Elbers, Gereon A1 - Schulze, Margit A1 - Monakhova, Yulia T1 - What is the best spectroscopic method for simultaneous analysis of organic acids and (poly)saccharides in biological matrices: Example of Aloe vera extracts? JF - Talanta Open N2 - Several species of (poly)saccharides and organic acids can be found often simultaneously in various biological matrices, e.g., fruits, plant materials, and biological fluids. The analysis of such matrices sometimes represents a challenging task. Using Aloe vera (A. vera) plant materials as an example, the performance of several spectro-scopic methods (80 MHz benchtop NMR, NIR, ATR-FTIR and UV–vis) for the simultaneous analysis of quality parameters of this plant material was compared. The determined parameters include (poly)saccharides such as aloverose, fructose and glucose as well as organic acids (malic, lactic, citric, isocitric, acetic, fumaric, benzoic and sorbic acids). 500 MHz NMR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used as the reference methods. UV–vis data can be used only for identification of added preservatives (benzoic and sorbic acids) and drying agent (maltodextrin) and semiquantitative analysis of malic acid. NIR and MIR spectroscopies combined with multivariate regression can deliver more informative overview of A. vera extracts being able to additionally quantify glucose, aloverose, citric, isocitric, malic, lactic acids and fructose. Low-field NMR measurements can be used for the quantification of aloverose, glucose, malic, lactic, acetic, and benzoic acids. The benchtop NMR method was successfully validated in terms of robustness, stability, precision, reproducibility and limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), respectively. All spectroscopic techniques are useful for the screening of (poly)saccharides and organic acids in plant extracts and should be applied according to its availability as well as information and confidence required for the specific analytical goal. Benchtop NMR spectroscopy seems to be the most feasible solution for quality control of A. vera products. KW - Spectroscopy KW - (Poly)saccharides KW - Organic acids KW - Aloe vera KW - qNMR Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2023.100220 SN - 2666-8319 VL - 7 IS - Art. No. 100220 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bialonski, Stephan A1 - Grieger, Niklas T1 - Der KI-Chatbot ChatGPT: Eine Herausforderung für die Hochschulen JF - Die neue Hochschule N2 - Essays, Gedichte, Programmcode: ChatGPT generiert automatisch Texte auf bisher unerreicht hohem Niveau. Dieses und nachfolgende Systeme werden nicht nur die akademische Welt nachhaltig verändern. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7533758 SN - 0340-448X VL - 2023 IS - 1 SP - 24 EP - 27 PB - HLB CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bertz, Morten A1 - Molinnus, Denise A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Homma, Takayuki T1 - Real-time monitoring of H₂O₂ sterilization on individual bacillus atrophaeus spores by optical sensing with trapping Raman spectroscopy JF - Chemosensors N2 - Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a strong oxidizer, is a commonly used sterilization agent employed during aseptic food processing and medical applications. To assess the sterilization efficiency with H₂O₂, bacterial spores are common microbial systems due to their remarkable robustness against a wide variety of decontamination strategies. Despite their widespread use, there is, however, only little information about the detailed time-resolved mechanism underlying the oxidative spore death by H₂O₂. In this work, we investigate chemical and morphological changes of individual Bacillus atrophaeus spores undergoing oxidative damage using optical sensing with trapping Raman microscopy in real-time. The time-resolved experiments reveal that spore death involves two distinct phases: (i) an initial phase dominated by the fast release of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a major spore biomarker, which indicates the rupture of the spore’s core; and (ii) the oxidation of the remaining spore material resulting in the subsequent fragmentation of the spores’ coat. Simultaneous observation of the spore morphology by optical microscopy corroborates these mechanisms. The dependence of the onset of DPA release and the time constant of spore fragmentation on H₂O₂ shows that the formation of reactive oxygen species from H₂O₂ is the rate-limiting factor of oxidative spore death. KW - DPA (dipicolinic acid) KW - sterilization KW - Bacillus atrophaeus spores KW - optical trapping KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - optical sensor setup Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11080445 SN - 2227-9040 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Biosensors and Chemical Sensors for Food and Healthcare Monitoring—Celebrating the 10th Anniversary" VL - 8 IS - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bergmann, Ole A1 - Möhren, Felix A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Janser, Frank T1 - On the influence of elasticity on swept propeller noise JF - AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum N2 - High aerodynamic efficiency requires propellers with high aspect ratios, while propeller sweep potentially reduces noise. Propeller sweep and high aspect ratios increase elasticity and coupling of structural mechanics and aerodynamics, affecting the propeller performance and noise. Therefore, this paper analyzes the influence of elasticity on forward-swept, backward-swept, and unswept propellers in hover conditions. A reduced-order blade element momentum approach is coupled with a one-dimensional Timoshenko beam theory and Farassat's formulation 1A. The results of the aeroelastic simulation are used as input for the aeroacoustic calculation. The analysis shows that elasticity influences noise radiation because thickness and loading noise respond differently to deformations. In the case of the backward-swept propeller, the location of the maximum sound pressure level shifts forward by 0.5 °, while in the case of the forward-swept propeller, it shifts backward by 0.5 °. Therefore, aeroacoustic optimization requires the consideration of propeller deformation. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0210 N1 - Session: Propeller, Open Rotor, and Rotorcraft Noise II AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum, 23-27 January 2023, National Harbor, MD & Online PB - AIAA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berg-Postweiler, Julia A1 - Steuer-Dankert, Linda A1 - Leicht-Scholten, Carmen T1 - One size does not fit all: Applying antibias trainings in academia JF - The International Journal of Organizational Diversity N2 - Antibias training is increasingly demanded and practiced in academia and industry to increase employees’ sensitivity to discrimination, racism, and diversity. Under the heading of “Diversity Management,” antibias trainings are mainly offered as one-off workshops intending to raise awareness of unconscious biases, create a diversity-affirming corporate culture, promote awareness of the potential of diversity, and ultimately enable the reflection of diversity in development processes. However, coming from childhood education, research and scientific articles on the sustainable effectiveness of antibias in adulthood, especially in academia, are very scarce. In order to fill this research gap, the article aims to explore how sustainable the effects of individual antibias trainings on participants’ behavior are. In order to investigate this, participant observation in a qualitative pre–post setting was conducted, analyzing antibias training in an academic context. Two observers actively participated in the training sessions and documented the activities and reflection processes of the participants. Overall, the results question the effectiveness of single antibias trainings and show that a target-group adaptive approach is mandatory owing to the background of the approach in early childhood education. Therefore, antibias work needs to be adapted to the target group’s needs and realities of life. Furthermore, the study reveals that single antibias trainings must be embedded in a holistic diversity management approach to stimulate sustainable reflection processes among the target group. This article is one of the first to scientifically evaluate antibias training effectiveness, especially in engineering sciences and the university context. KW - Antibias KW - Diversity Management KW - Organizational Culture KW - Engineering Habitus Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2328-6261/CGP/v24i01/1-23 SN - 2328-6261 (Print) SN - 2328-6229 (Online) VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Common Ground Research Networks ER - TY - THES A1 - Benavides, Lucie T1 - INKAS : User Experience und User Interface einer bestehenden CPQ-Webanwendung zur Erstellung von Konfiguratoren für variantenreiche Produkte. N2 - Im Rahmen dieser Masterarbeit wird die komplexe CPQ-Branchenlösung INKAS der it-motive AG konzeptionell und gestalterisch überarbeitet. Die mehrjährige Entwicklung von INKAS und etlicher separater Komponenten hat zu einer zum Teil inkonsistenten Oberfläche geführt, die Schwierigkeiten bei der Benutzung aufweist. Das neue User Interface, welches diese Masterarbeit entwickelt, soll durch einheitliche Interaktionsprinzipien zum einen die Usability und bestehende Funktionalitäten verbessern und zum anderen neue Funktionen leichter integrierbar machen. Diese Masterarbeit demonstriert somit ein Vorgehensmodell, durch welches komplexe existierende Branchenlösungen mithilfe eines nutzerzentrierten Redesigns eine nachhaltig verbesserte Produktqualität erreichen und die Integration neuer Technologien ermöglicht. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch exemplarisch aufgezeigt, wie Designleistungen methodisch in bestehende agile Softwareentwicklungsprozesse integriert werden können. KW - CPQ KW - UI/UX-Design KW - Usability KW - Softwareentwicklung KW - Redesign Y1 - 2023 PB - FH Aachen CY - Aachen ER -