TY - JOUR A1 - Hoehr, Cornelia A1 - Paulßen, Elisabeth A1 - Benard, Francois A1 - Lee, Chris Jaeil A1 - Hou, Xinchi A1 - Badesso, Brian A1 - Ferguson, Simon A1 - Miao, Qing A1 - Yang, Hua A1 - Buckley, Ken A1 - Hanemaayer, Victoire A1 - Zeisler, Stefan A1 - Ruth, Thomas A1 - Celler, Anna A1 - Schaffer, Paul T1 - ⁴⁴ᶢSc production using a water target on a 13 MeV cyclotron JF - Nuclear medicine and biology N2 - Access to promising radiometals as isotopes for novel molecular imaging agents requires that they are routinely available and inexpensive to obtain. Proximity to a cyclotron center outfitted with solid target hardware, or to an isotope generator for the metal of interest is necessary, both of which can introduce significant hurdles in development of less common isotopes. Herein, we describe the production of ⁴⁴Sc (t₁⸝₂ = 3.97 h, Eavg,β⁺ = 1.47 MeV, branching ratio = 94.27%) in a solution target and an automated loading system which allows a quick turn-around between different radiometallic isotopes and therefore greatly improves their availability for tracer development. Experimental yields are compared to theoretical calculations. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.12.016 SN - 1872-9614 VL - 41 IS - 5 SP - 401 EP - 406 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eilmann, Britta A1 - Sterck, Frank J. A1 - Wegner, L. A1 - de Vries, Sven M. G. A1 - von Arx, G. A1 - Mohren, Godefridus M. J. A1 - den Ouden, Jan A1 - Sass-Klaassen, Ute G. W. T1 - Wood structural differences between northern and southern beech provenances growing at a moderate site JF - Tree Physiology Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpu069 SN - 1758-4469 (Online) SN - 0829-318X (Print) VL - 34 IS - 8 SP - 882 EP - 893 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fredebeul-Krein, Markus A1 - Steingröver, Markus T1 - Wholesale broadband access to IPTV in an NGA environment : how to deal with it from a regulatory perspective? JF - Telecommunications Policy Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2013.04.002 SN - 0308-5961 (Print) SN - 1879-3258 (Online) VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - 264 EP - 277 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altay, Okyay A1 - Taddei, Francesca A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Klinkel, Sven T1 - Vibration mitigation of wind turbine towers with tuned mass dampers T2 - Wind turbine control and monitoring. (Advances in industrial control) N2 - Because of its minor environmental impact, electricity generation using wind power is getting remarkable. The further growth of the wind industry depends on technological solutions to the challenges in production and construction of the turbines. Wind turbine tower vibrations, which limit power generation efficiency and cause fatigue problems with high maintenance costs, count as one of the main structural difficulties in the wind energy sector. To mitigate tower vibrations auxiliary measures are necessary. The effectiveness of tuned mass damper is verified by means of a numeric study on a 5 MW onshore reference wind turbine. Hereby, also seismic-induced vibrations and soil–structure interaction are considered. Acquired results show that tuned mass damper can effectively reduce resonant tower vibrations and improve the fatigue life of wind turbines. This chapter is also concerned with tuned liquid column damper and a semiactive application of it. Due to its geometric versatility and low prime costs, tuned liquid column dampers are a good alternative to other damping measures, in particular for slender structures like wind turbines. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-319-08412-1 (Print) ; 978-3-319-08413-8 (E-Book) U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08413-8_12 SP - 337 EP - 373 PB - Springer CY - Cham ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Dordrecht ; London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altay, Okyay A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Klinkel, Sven A1 - Taddei, Francesca T1 - Vibration mitigation of wind turbine towers by tuned liquid column dampers T2 - Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2014 Porto, Portugal, 30 June - 2 July 2014 / A. Cunha, E. Caetano, .... (eds.) Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-972-752-165-4 SP - 1531 EP - 1538 CY - Porto ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altay, Okyay A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Klinkel, Sven T1 - Vibration mitigation of wind turbine towers by a new semiactive Tuned Liquid Column Damper T2 - 6. Word Congress on Structural Control and Monitoring, 15 - 17 July, 2014 Barcelona,Spain Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Theysohn, Jens M. A1 - Kraff, Oliver A1 - Eilers, Kristina A1 - Andrade, Dorian A1 - Gerwig, Marcus A1 - Timmann, Dagmar A1 - Schmitt, Franz A1 - Ladd, Mark E. A1 - Ladd, Susanne C. A1 - Bitz, Andreas T1 - Vestibular effects of a 7 Tesla MRI examination compared to 1.5 T and 0 T in healthy volunteers JF - PLoS one N2 - Ultra-high-field MRI (7 Tesla (T) and above) elicits more temporary side-effects compared to 1.5 T and 3 T, e.g. dizziness or “postural instability” even after exiting the scanner. The current study aims to assess quantitatively vestibular performance before and after exposure to different MRI scenarios at 7 T, 1.5 T and 0 T. Sway path and body axis rotation (Unterberger's stepping test) were quantitatively recorded in a total of 46 volunteers before, 2 minutes after, and 15 minutes after different exposure scenarios: 7 T head MRI (n = 27), 7 T no RF (n = 22), 7 T only B₀ (n = 20), 7 T in & out B₀ (n = 20), 1.5 T no RF (n = 20), 0 T (n = 15). All exposure scenarios lasted 30 minutes except for brief one minute exposure in 7 T in & out B₀. Both measures were documented utilizing a 3D ultrasound system. During sway path evaluation, the experiment was repeated with eyes both open and closed. Sway paths for all long-lasting 7 T scenarios (normal, no RF, only B₀) with eyes closed were significantly prolonged 2 minutes after exiting the scanner, normalizing after 15 minutes. Brief exposure to 7 T B₀ or 30 minutes exposure to 1.5 T or 0 T did not show significant changes. End positions after Unterberger's stepping test were significantly changed counter-clockwise after all 7 T scenarios, including the brief in & out B₀ exposure. Shorter exposure resulted in a smaller alteration angle. In contrast to sway path, reversal of changes in body axis rotation was incomplete after 15 minutes. 1.5 T caused no rotational changes. The results show that exposure to the 7 Tesla static magnetic field causes only a temporary dysfunction or “over-compensation” of the vestibular system not measurable at 1.5 or 0 Tesla. Radiofrequency fields, gradient switching, and orthostatic dysregulation do not seem to play a role. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092104 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 9 IS - 3 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogt, C. A1 - Mottaghy, Darius A1 - Rath, V. A1 - Marquart, G. A1 - Dijkshoorn, L. A1 - Wolf, A. A1 - Clauser, C. T1 - Vertical variation in heat flow on the Kola Peninsula: palaeoclimate or fluid flow? JF - Geophysical Journal International N2 - Following earlier studies, we present forward and inverse simulations of heat and fluid transport of the upper crust using a local 3-D model of the Kola area. We provide best estimates for palaeotemperatures and permeabilities, their errors and their dependencies. Our results allow discriminating between the two mentioned processes to a certain extent, partly resolving the non-uniqueness of the problem. We find clear indications for a significant contribution of advective heat transport, which, in turn, imply only slightly lower ground surface temperatures during the last glacial maximum relative to the present value. These findings are consistent with the general background knowledge of (i) the fracture zones and the corresponding fluid movements in the bedrock and (ii) the glacial history of the Kola area. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu282 SN - 1365-246X VL - 199 IS - 2 SP - 829 EP - 843 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Martin A1 - Hirschfeld, Julian A1 - Lambertz, Rita A1 - Schulze Lohoff, Andreas A1 - Lustfeld, Hans A1 - Pfeifer, Heinz A1 - Reißel, Martin T1 - Validation of a novel method for detecting and stabilizing malfunctioning areas in fuel cell stacks JF - Journal of power sources N2 - In this paper a setup for detecting malfunctioning areas of MEAs in fuel cell stacks is described. Malfunctioning areas generate electric cross currents inside bipolar plates. To exploit this we suggest bipolar plates consisting not of two but of three layers. The third one is a highly conducting layer and segmented such that the cross currents move along the segments to the surface of the stack where they can be measured by an inductive sensor. With this information a realistic model can be used to detect the malfunctioning area. Furthermore the third layer will prevent any current inhomogeneity of a malfunctioning cell to spread to neighbouring cells in the stack. In this work the results of measurements in a realistic cell setup will be compared with the results obtained in simulation studies with the same configuration. The basis for the comparison is the reliable characterisation of the electrical properties of the cell components and the implication of these results into the simulation model. The experimental studies will also show the limits in the maximum number of segments, which can be used for a reliable detection of cross currents. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.08.045 SN - 1873-2755 (E-Journal); 0378-7753 (Print) VL - 272 SP - 225 EP - 232 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schreiber, Marc A1 - Barkschat, Kai A1 - Kraft, Bodo T1 - Using Continuous Integration to organize and monitor the annotation process of domain specific corpora T2 - 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS) : 1-3 April 2014, Irbid, Jordanien Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-4799-3022-7 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IACS.2014.6841958 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fuchs, Britta A1 - Ritz, Thomas T1 - Usability for Blended Shopping - Solving Major Flaws by Applying Usability Engineering and Proven Integration Technologies T2 - Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on e-Business, ICE-B 2014, Vienna, Austria Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-989-758-043-7 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005113502160223 SP - 216 EP - 223 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tran, Thanh Ngoc A1 - Staat, Manfred ED - Onate, E. T1 - Uncertain multimode failure and limit analysis of shells T2 - 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM XI) ; 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM V) ; 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD VI) ; July 20-25, 2014, Barcelona Y1 - 2014 SP - 1 EP - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rau, Christoph A1 - Alexopoulos, Spiros A1 - Breitbach, Gerd A1 - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard A1 - Latzke, Markus A1 - Sattler, Johannes, Christoph T1 - Transient simulation of a solar-hybrid tower power plant with open volumetric receiver at the location Barstow JF - Energy procedia : proceedings of the SolarPACES 2013 International Conference N2 - In this work the transient simulations of four hybrid solar tower power plant concepts with open-volumetric receiver technology for a location in Barstow-Daggett, USA, are presented. The open-volumetric receiver uses ambient air as heat transfer fluid and the hybridization is realized with a gas turbine. The Rankine cycle is heated by solar-heated air and/or by the gas turbine's flue gases. The plant can be operated in solar-only, hybrid parallel or combined cycle-only mode as well as in any intermediate load levels where the solar portion can vary between 0 to 100%. The simulated plant is based on the configuration of a solar-hybrid power tower project, which is in planning for a site in Northern Algeria. The meteorological data for Barstow-Daggett was taken from the software meteonorm. The solar power tower simulation tool has been developed in the simulation environment MATLAB/Simulink and is validated. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.03.157 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 49 SP - 1481 EP - 1490 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Neumann, Tobias A1 - Ferrein, Alexander A1 - Kallweit, Stephan A1 - Scholl, Ingrid T1 - Towards a mobile mapping robot for underground mines T2 - 7th Conference of Robotics and Mechatronics : RobMech 2014 : 27th and 28th Nov. 2014, Cape Town Y1 - 2014 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Takenaga, Shoko A1 - Biselli, Manfred A1 - Schnitzler, Thomas A1 - Öhlschläger, Peter A1 - Wagner, Torsten A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Toward multi-analyte bioarray sensors: LAPS-based on-chip determination of a Michaelis–Menten-like kinetics for cell culturing JF - Physica status solidi A : Applications and materials science N2 - The metabolic activity of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was observed using a light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS). The dependency toward different glucose concentrations (17–200 mM) follows a Michaelis–Menten kinetics trajectory with Kₘ = 32.8 mM, and the obtained Kₘ value in this experiment was compared with that found in literature. In addition, the pH shift induced by glucose metabolism of tumor cells transfected with the HPV-16 genome (C3 cells) was successfully observed. These results indicate the possibility to determine the tumor cells metabolism with a LAPS-based measurement device. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201330464 SN - 1521-396X (E); 1862-6319 (E-Journal); 0031-8965 (Print); 1862-6300 (Print) VL - 211 IS - 6 SP - 1410 EP - 1415 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laack, Walter van T1 - Therefore Fermat is right JF - American journal of humanities and social sciences : AJHSS N2 - It was Fernat's idea to investigate how many numbers would fulfill the equation according to the Pythagorean Theorem if the exponent were increased to random, e.g. to a3 + b3 = c3. His question became therefore: are there two whole numbers the cubes of which add up to the volume of the cube of a third whole number? He posed this same question, of course, for all kinds of higher exponents, so that the equation could be generalized: is there an integral solution for the equation an + bn = cn, if the exponent n is higher than 2? Although in 1993, the English mathematician Andrew Wiles was able to produce an arithmetical proof for Fermat's famous theorem, I will show that there is a simple logical explanation which is also pragmatic and plausible and what is the result of a fundamental alternative idea how our world seems to be constructed. Y1 - 2014 SN - 2329-079X (E-Journal); 2329-0781 (Print) VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 117 EP - 120 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guo, Yuanyuan A1 - Miyamoto, Ko-ichiro A1 - Wagner, Torsten A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Yoshinobu, Tatsuo T1 - Theoretical study and simulation of light-addressable potentiometric sensors JF - Physica status solidi (A) : applications and materials N2 - The light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a semiconductor-based potentiometric sensor using a light probe with an ability of detecting the concentration of biochemical species in a spatially resolved manner. As an important biomedical sensor, research has been conducted to improve its performance, for instance, to realize high-speed measurement. In this work, the idea of facilitating the device-level simulation, instead of using an equivalent-circuit model, is presented for detailed analysis and optimization of the performance of the LAPS. Both carrier distribution and photocurrent response have been simulated to provide new insight into both amplitude-mode and phase-mode operations of the LAPS. Various device parameters can be examined to effectively design and optimize the LAPS structures and setups for enhanced performance. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201330354 SN - 0031-8965 VL - 211 IS - 6 SP - 1467 EP - 1472 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Hüning, Felix T1 - The fundamentals of electrical engineering for mechatronics Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-11-034991-7 (Druckausg.) SN - 978-3-11-030840-2 (E-Book) PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pieper, Martin A1 - Schulz, Silvia T1 - Teaching Simulation Methods with COMSOL Multiphysics N2 - This paper describes two courses on simulation methods for graduate students: “Simulation Methods” and “Simulation and Optimization in Virtual Engineering” The courses were planned to teach young engineers how to work with simulation software as well as to understand the necessary mathematical background. As simulation software COMSOL is used. The main philosophy was to combine theory and praxis in a way that motivates the students. In addition “soft skills” should be improved. This was achieved by project work as final examination. As underlying didactical principle the ideas of Bloom’s revised taxonomy were followed. The paper basically focusses on educational aspects, e.g. how to structure the course, plan the exercises, organize the project work and include practical COMSOL examples. KW - COMSOL Multiphysics KW - Optimization module KW - LiveLink for MATLAB KW - Bloom Taxonomy KW - education Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinze, Daniel A1 - Mang, Thomas A1 - Peter, Karin A1 - Möller, Martin A1 - Weichold, Oliver T1 - Synthesis of low molecular weight poly(vinyl acetate) and its application as plasticizer JF - Journal of applied polymer science N2 - Poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc, with a degree of polymerization Xn = 10 was prepared by chain-transfer radical polymerization using carbon tetrachloride and used as oligomeric plasticizer for commercial PVAc. However, the chlorinated chain ends cause a low thermal stability requiring mild Cl/H substitution. The product exhibits high thermal stability and excellent melt-compounding properties. Blends of oligomeric and commercial PVAc show single glass transition temperatures which decrease with higher oligomer content and exhibit small negative deviations from Fox' linear additivity rule. This indicates plasticization and miscibility being mainly due to entropic effects. Injection-moulded thick specimens show ductile behaviour at oligomer contents >10 wt %, while sheets with a thickness of 0.2–0.5 mm appear flexible already at 7.5 wt %. The oxygen permeability coefficients are an order of magnitude lower than those of low-density polyethylene. Due to the sum of their properties, the plasticized sheets present a promising alternative in the preparation of barrier materials. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40226 SN - 1097-4628 (E-Journal); 0021-8995 (Print) VL - 131 IS - 9 SP - Article No. 40226 PB - Wiley CY - New York ER -