TY - JOUR A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - "High-order” hybrid FET module for (bio)chemical and physical sensing JF - Integrated analytical systems / ed. by Salvador Alegret Y1 - 2003 SN - 0-444-51037-0 SP - 587 EP - 623 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ballmann, Josef A1 - Boucke, Alexander A1 - Braun, Carsten T1 - Aeroelastic sensitivity in the transonic regime T2 - Symposium Transsonicum IV : proceedings of the IUTAM symposium held in Göttingen, Germany, 2 - 6 September 2002 / ed. by Helmut Sobieczky. Fluid mechanics and its applications. Vol. 73 Y1 - 2003 SN - 978-94-010-3998-7 SP - 225 EP - 236 PB - Kluwer Academic CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Laack, Walter van T1 - A better history of our world / Vol. 3. Death Y1 - 2003 SN - 978-3-936624-01-4 N1 - [Eine bessere Geschichte unserer Welt ] PB - van Laack CY - Aachen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stender, Michael A1 - Ritz, Thomas T1 - Modeling of business-to-business mobile commerce processes T2 - Electronic proceedings / ICPR 17, 17th International Conference on Production Research [Blacksburg, Virginia, USA, August 3 - 7, 2003] Y1 - 2003 SN - 0-9721257-3-6 CY - Blacksburg, Va. ET - CD-ROM-Ausg. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ringbeck, Thorsten A1 - Albrecht, M. A1 - Frey, J. ED - Lerch, Reinhard T1 - Time-of-Flight 3D-camera for autonomous navigation and industrial automation T2 - Proceedings : 11th international conference, 13 - 15 May 2003, Exhibition Centre Nuremberg, Germany ; an event of the Association for Sensor Technology, AMA Y1 - 2003 N1 - Internationale Messe mit Kongress Sensor PB - AMA Service CY - Wunstorf/Germany ET - CD-ROM-Ausg. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Arzdorf, Michael A1 - Mulchandani, P. A1 - Chen, W. A1 - Mulchandani, A. T1 - Towards a capacitive enzyme sensor for direct determination of organophosphorus pesticides: Fundamentals studies and aspects of development JF - Sensors. 3 (2003), H. 6 Y1 - 2003 SN - 1424-8220 SP - 119 EP - 127 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Arzdorf, Michael A1 - Mulchandani, P. A1 - Chen, W. A1 - Mulchandani, A. T1 - A capacitive field-effect sensor for the direct determination of organophosphorus pesticides JF - Sensors and Actuators B. 91 (2003), H. 1-3 Y1 - 2003 SN - 0925-4005 SP - 92 EP - 97 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Schultze, Joachim W. T1 - Measuring seven parameters by two ISFET modules in a microcell set-up JF - Int. Journal of Computational Engineering Science. 4 (2003), H. 2 Y1 - 2003 SN - 1465-8763 SP - 257 EP - 260 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigand, Christoph T1 - Technically Optimal Inspection Policy with Arithmetical Adaption JF - IMA Journal of Management Mathematics. 14 (2003), H. 4 Y1 - 2003 SN - 1471-678X N1 - weitere ISSN 1471-6798 (E) SP - 357 EP - 371 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ferrein, Alexander A1 - Fritz, Christian A1 - Lakemeyer, Gerhard T1 - Extending DTGOLOG with Options / Ferrein, Alexander ; Fritz, Christian ; Lakemeyer, Gerhard JF - IJCAI-03, Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Acapulco, Mexico, August 9-15, 2003 Y1 - 2003 SP - 1391 EP - 1393 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Heitzer, Michael T1 - Numerical methods for limit and shakedown analysis. Deterministic and probabilistic problems. Y1 - 2003 SN - 3-00-010001-6 N1 - NIC Series Vol. 15 / Ed. by Staat, M; Heitzer, M. PB - John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC) CY - Jülich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baroud, Gamal A1 - Wu, J.Z. A1 - Bohner, M A1 - Sponagel, Stefan A1 - Steffen, T. T1 - How to determine the permeability for cement infiltration into osteoporotic cancellous bone JF - Medical Engineering & Physics. 25 (2003), H. 4 N2 - Cement augmentation is an emerging surgical procedure in which bone cement is used to infiltrate and reinforce osteoporotic vertebrae. Although this infiltration procedure has been widely applied, it is performed empirically and little is known about the flow characteristics of cement during the injection process. We present a theoretical and experimental approach to investigate the intertrabecular bone permeability during the infiltration procedure. The cement permeability was considered to be dependent on time, bone porosity, and cement viscosity in our analysis. In order to determine the time-dependent permeability, ten cancellous bone cores were harvested from osteoporotic vertebrae, infiltrated with acrylic cement at a constant flow rate, and the pressure drop across the cores during the infiltration was measured. The viscosity dependence of the permeability was determined based on published experimental data. The theoretical model for the permeability as a function of bone porosity and time was then fit to the testing data. Our findings suggest that the intertrabecular bone permeability depends strongly on time. For instance, the initial permeability (60.89 mm4/N.s) reduced to approximately 63% of its original value within 18 seconds. This study is the first to analyze cement flow through osteoporotic bone. The theoretical and experimental models provided in this paper are generic. Thus, they can be used to systematically study and optimize the infiltration process for clinical practice. KW - Osteoporose KW - Permeabilität KW - Viskose Strömung KW - Viskosität KW - Vertebroplastie KW - Cement infiltration KW - Vertebroplasty KW - Osteoporosis KW - Permeability KW - Experiment KW - Analysis KW - Viscous flow Y1 - 2003 SN - 1350-4533 SP - 283 EP - 288 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinrichs, U. A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Ziemons, Karl T1 - Design optimization of the PMT-ClearPET prototypes based on simulation studies with GEANT3 JF - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science N2 - Within the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC), four centers are developing second generation high performance small animal positron emission tomography (PET) scanners for different kinds of animals and medical applications. The first prototypes are photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based systems including depth of interaction (DOI) detection by using a phoswich layer of lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) and lutetium yttrium aluminum perovskite (LuYAP). The aim of these simulation studies is to optimize sensitivity and spatial resolution of given designs, which vary in fields of view (FOVs) caused by different detector configurations (ring/octagon) and sizes. For this purpose the simulation tool GEANT3 (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland) was used. Y1 - 2003 SN - 0018-9499 VL - 50 IS - 5 SP - 1428 EP - 1432 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinrichs, U. A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Ziemons, Karl T1 - Design optimization of the PMT-ClearPET prototypes based on simulation studies with GEANT3 JF - 2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3 N2 - Within the Crystal Clear Collaboration four centres are developing 2nd generation high performance small animal PET scanners for different kinds of animals and medical applications. The first prototypes are PMT-based systems including depth of interaction (DOI) detection by using a phoswich layer of LSO and LuYAP. The aim of these simulation studies is to optimize sensitivity and spatial resolution of given designs, which vary in FOVs caused by different detector configurations (ring/octagon) and sizes. For this purpose the simulation tool GEANT3 (CERN) was used. The simulations have shown that all PMT designs with one-to-one coupling of crystals have a very nonlinear axial sensitivity profile. By shifting every other PMT 1/4 of a PMT length in axial direction the sampling of the FOVs became more homogeneous. At an energy threshold of 350keV the regression coefficient increases from 0.818 for the non-shifted to 0.993 for the shifted design. Simulations of a point source centred in the FOV (threshold: 350keV) resulted in sensitivities of 4.2% for a 4×20PMT (LSO/LuYAP a 10mm) and 3.8% for a 4×16PMT (LSO/LuYAP a 8mm) ring design. The 3D-MLEM reconstruction of a point source shows the enormous improvement of resolution using a crystal double layer with DOI (3.1mm at 40mm from CFOV) instead of a 20mm single layer (11.9mm). Y1 - 2003 SN - 1082-3654 SP - 682 EP - 686 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Surtees, A. J. A1 - Gillespie, A. A1 - Kern, Alexander A1 - Rousseau, A. T1 - DEVELOPMENT OF A RISK ASSESSMENT CALCULATOR BASED ON A SIMPLIFIED FORM OF THE IEC 62305-2 STANDARD ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION N2 - Neue Blitzschutznorm IEC 62305. Entwicklung einer einfachen Software zur Risikoabwägung N2 - IEC Technical Committee 81 is currently creating the new IEC 62305 series of standards on Lightning Protection. Working Group 9 is responsible for Part 2 of this series, which deals with the assessment and management of risk its CDV (Committee Draft for Voting) stage and has been circulated to National Committees for comment. The paper details the development of the Simplified IEC Risk Assessment Calculator software tool as described in Informative Annex J of IEC62305-2 Ed.1/CDV 2. This tool is intended as a simplified implementation of the more rigorous treatment of risk management found in the written document. It is designed to be relatively intuitive for users who wish to obtain an initial assessment of risk sensitivity, but should not be considered a substitute to a full understanding of the methods provided in the standard when dealing with more complicated structures or those where greater risks to personal or system operation are involved. KW - Risiko KW - Risikoabwägung KW - Blitzrisiko KW - Blitzschutz KW - Risk KW - Risk Management KW - Risk Assessment KW - Lightning Risk KW - Lightning Protection Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kern, Alexander A1 - Heidler, Fridolin A1 - Seevers, M. A1 - Zischank, Wolfgang J. T1 - Magnetic Fields and Induced Voltages in case of a Direct Strike - Comparison of Results obtained from Measurements at a Scaled Building to those of IEC 62305-4 N2 - In the paper the results obtained from experiments at a modelled reinforced building in case of a direct lightning strike are compared with calculations. The comparison includes peak values of the magnetic field Hmax, its derivative (dH/dt)max and of induced voltages umax in typical cable routings. The experiments are performed at a 1:6 scaled building and the results are extrapolated using the similarity relations theory. The calculations are based on the approximate formulae given in IEC 62305-4 and have to be supplemented by a rough estimation of the additional shielding effect of a second reinforcement layer. The comparison shows, that the measured peak values of the magnetic field and its derivative are mostly lower than the calculated. The induced voltages are in good agreement. Hence, calculations of the induced voltages based on IEC 62305-4 are a good method for lightning protection studies of buildings, where the reinforcement is used as a grid-like electromagnetic shield. N2 - Auswirkungen eines direkten Blitzeinschlages auf ein Gebäude, Vergleich von experimentellen Ergebnissen und Berechnungen basierend auf einer Formel aus der IEC 62305-4 KW - Blitz KW - Direkter Blitzschlag KW - Elektromagnetischer Schutzschild KW - Magnetische Felder KW - Induzierte Spannungen KW - Kalkulation KW - Direct lightning strike KW - electromagnetic shield KW - magnetic fields KW - induced voltages KW - calculations Y1 - 2004 SN - 0304-3886 N1 - Journal of electrostatics: Beitr. auf S. 379 - 385. doi:10.1016/j.elstat.2006.09.004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zischank, Wolfgang J. A1 - Heidler, Fridolin A1 - Wiesinger, J. A1 - Stimper, K. A1 - Kern, Alexander A1 - Seevers, M. T1 - Magnetic Fields and Induced Voltages inside LPZ 1 Measured at a 1:6 Scale Model Building N2 - Laborexperimente zu Blitzschutzzonen in Stahlbetongebäuden anhand eines Modells im Maßstab 1:6 N2 - For the application of the concept of Lightning Protection Zones (LPZ), the knowledge of the magnetic fields and induced voltages inside a structure is necessary. Laboratory experiments have been conducted at a downscaled model of a building (scale factor 1:6) to determine these electromagnetic quantities in case of a direct strike to the structure. The model (3 m x 2 m x 2 m) represented a small industrial building using the reinforcement of the concrete as electromagnetic shield. The magnetic fields and magnetic field derivatives were measured at several location inside the scaled model. Further, the voltages induced on three typical cable routes inside the model was determined. The influence of the lightning current waveshape, point-of-strike, bonding of the cable routes, and bridging of an expansion joint in the middle of the building on these quantities was studied. KW - Blitzschlag KW - Elektromagnetischer Schutzschild KW - Stahlbeton KW - Maßstabsgetreues Modell KW - Lightning KW - electromagnetic shielding KW - reinforced concrete KW - scaled model Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kern, Alexander A1 - Krichel, Frank T1 - Considerations about the lightning protection system of mains independent renewable energy hybrid-systems - practical experiences JF - Journal of electrostatics. 60 (2004), H. 2-4 Y1 - 2004 SN - 0304-3886 N1 - ISSN der E-Ausg.: 0304-3886 SP - 257 EP - 263 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zischank, Wolfgang J. A1 - Heidler, Fridolin A1 - Wiesinger, J. A1 - Metwally, I. A1 - Kern, Alexander A1 - Seevers, M. T1 - Laboratory simulation of direct lightning strokes to a modeled building : measurement of magnetic fields and included voltages JF - Journal of electrostatics. 60 (2004), H. 2 - 4 Y1 - 2004 SN - 0304-3886 N1 - ISSN der E-Ausg.: 0304-3886 SP - 223 EP - 232 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hagemann, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Breitschuh, S. A1 - Graber, S. A1 - Schmitz, Günter T1 - Internet Laboratory Courses with Remote Access and Control of Real Measurements on Sensors and Electronic Components JF - Mechatronics & Robotics 2004 : Aachen, Germany, September 13 - 15, 2004 / [APS - European Centre for Mechatronics]. P. Drews (ed.) Y1 - 2004 SN - 3-938153-30-X N1 - MechRob <2004, Aachen> SP - 1280 EP - 1284 PB - Eysoldt CY - Aachen ER -