TY - CHAP A1 - Poth, Sebastian A1 - Monzon, Magaly A1 - Tippkötter, Nils A1 - Ulber, Roland T1 - Lignocellulosic biorefinery : process integration of hydrolysis and fermentation T2 - Proceedings / 11th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp : August 16 - 19, 2010, Hamburg, Germany Y1 - 2010 SP - 65 EP - 68 PB - vTi CY - Hamburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bitz, Andreas A1 - Kraff, O. A1 - Orzada, S. A1 - Maderwald, S. A1 - Brote, I. A1 - Ladd, M. T1 - Experimental and Numerical Assessment of RF Safety of Transmit Coils at 7 Tesla T2 - ISMRM workshop on MR safety 2010 : RF heating of the human in MRI : workshop series. The Washington County Historic Courthouse, Stillwater, Minnesota, USA, 15 - 17 October 2010 Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-1-62276-088-6 SP - 195 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paulßen, Elisabeth A1 - Schweighöfer, Philip V. A1 - Abram, Ulrich T1 - Reactions of [ReOX3(PPh3)2] Complexes (X = Cl, Br) with Phenylacetylene and the Structures of the Products JF - Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie : ZAAC = Journal of inorganic and general chemistry N2 - Oxorhenium(V) complexes [ReOX3(PPh3)2] (X = Cl, Br) react with phenylacetylene under formation of complexes with ylide-type ligands. Compounds of the compositions [ReOCl3(PPh3){C(Ph)C(H)(PPh3)}] (1), [ReOBr3(OPPh3){C(Ph)C(H)(PPh3)}] (2), and [ReOBr3(OPPh3){C(H)C(Ph)(PPh3)}] (3) were isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction. They contain a ligand, which was formed by a nucleophilic attack of released PPh3 at coordinated phenylacetylene. The structures of the products show that there is no preferable position for this attack. Cleavage of the Re–C bond in 3 and dimerization of the organic ligand resulted in the formation of the [{(PPh3)(H)CC(Ph)}2]2+ cation, which crystallized as its [(ReOBr4)(OReO3)]2– salt. Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200900478 SN - 1521-3749 VL - 636 IS - 5 SP - 779 EP - 783 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paulßen, Elisabeth A1 - Alberto, Roger A1 - Abram, Ulrich T1 - Synthesis, Characterization, and Structures of R3EOTcO3 Complexes (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) and Related Compounds JF - Inorganic Chemistry N2 - AgTcO4 reacts with R3ECl compounds (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; R = Me, iPr, tBu, Ph), tBu2SnCl2, or PhMgCl under formation of novel trioxotechnetium(VII) derivatives. The carbon and silicon derivatives readily undergo decomposition, which was proven by 99Tc NMR spectroscopy and the isolation of decomposition products such as [TcOCl3(THF)(OH2)]. Compounds [Ph3GeOTcO3], [(THF)Ph3SnOTcO3], [(O3TcO)SntBu2(OH)]2, and [(THF)4Mg(OTcO3)2] are more stable and were isolated in crystalline form and characterized by X-ray diffraction. Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/ic1001094 SN - 1520-510X VL - 49 IS - 7 SP - 3525 EP - 3530 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barbazán, Paula A1 - Hagenbach, Adelheid A1 - Paulßen, Elisabeth A1 - Abram, Ulrich A1 - Carballo, Rosa A1 - Rodriguez-Hermida, Sabina A1 - Vázquez-López, Ezequiel M. T1 - Tricarbonyl Rhenium(I) and Technetium(I) Complexes with Hydrazones Derived from 4,5-Diazafluoren-9-one and 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione JF - European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry N2 - Tricarbonylrhenium(I) and -technetium(I) halide (halide = Cl and Br) complexes of ligands derived from 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one (df) and 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phen) derivatives of benzoic and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazides have been prepared. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, MS, IR, 1H NMR and absorption and emission UV/Vis spectroscopic methods. The metal centres (ReI and TcI) are coordinated through the nitrogen imine atoms and establish five-membered chelate rings, whereas the hydrazone groups stand uncoordinated. The 1H NMR spectra suggest the same behaviour in solution on the basis of only marginal variations in the chemical shifts of the hydrazine protons. Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201000522 SN - 1099-0682 IS - 29 SP - 4622 EP - 4630 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wilke, Thomas ED - Heussler, Carla T1 - Piemont – Grenzregion zwischen Frankreich und Italien T2 - Sehnsucht Italien – Die schönsten Kunstlandschaften von Piemont bis Sizilien Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-534-22986-4 SP - 13 EP - 24 PB - WBG CY - Darmstadt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wilke, Thomas ED - Castor, Markus A. T1 - Vorlagegraphik versus Künstlergraphik: Überlegungen zu Jean Lepautres Kupferstichfolgen für die Innenraumgestaltung T2 - Druckgraphik : zwischen Reproduktion und Invention Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-422-06940-4 N1 - Passagen ; 31 SP - 419 EP - 432 PB - Dt. Kunstverl. CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernecker, Andreas T1 - A European Private Company: Is Europe’s single legal form for SMEs close to approval? JF - Research Briefing N2 - This Research Briefing, issued in July 2010, concluded that: - Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe have long called for a matching legal form valid across the EU (similar to that of the European company (SE) for large firms) - The main benefits would be the availability of uniform Europe-wide company structures, significant cost reductions for businesses and further integration of the internal market - Given the differing national views regarding the concrete features of the new legal form there is currently no sign of an agreement being reached at the European level in the short term; however, it is possible that progress will be made in negotiations during the year - The key issues being discussed in depth are company formation, transnationality and employee participation rights in the new European private company (SPE). Y1 - 2010 SN - 2193-5955 PB - Deutsche Bank Research CY - Frankfurt a. M. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grajewski, Matthias A1 - Köster, Michael A1 - Turek, Stefam T1 - Numerical analysis and implementational aspects of a new multilevel grid deformation method JF - Applied Numerical Mathematics N2 - Recently, we introduced and mathematically analysed a new method for grid deformation (Grajewski et al., 2009) [15] we call basic deformation method (BDM) here. It generalises the method proposed by Liao et al. (Bochev et al., 1996; Cai et al., 2004; Liao and Anderson, 1992) [4], [6], [20]. In this article, we employ the BDM as core of a new multilevel deformation method (MDM) which leads to vast improvements regarding robustness, accuracy and speed. We achieve this by splitting up the deformation process in a sequence of easier subproblems and by exploiting grid hierarchy. Being of optimal asymptotic complexity, we experience speed-ups up to a factor of 15 in our test cases compared to the BDM. This gives our MDM the potential for tackling large grids and time-dependent problems, where possibly the grid must be dynamically deformed once per time step according to the user's needs. Moreover, we elaborate on implementational aspects, in particular efficient grid searching, which is a key ingredient of the BDM. Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnum.2010.03.017 SN - 0168-9274 VL - 60 IS - 8 SP - 767 EP - 781 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Büdenbender, Martin T1 - Entflechtung von Stromnetzen in Deutschland und Europa im Rahmen des dritten EU-Legislativpakets – Eine Problemdarstellung T2 - Arbeitspapiere des Instituts für Genossenschaftswesen der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Nr. 91 Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czarnecki, Christian A1 - Winkelmann, Axel A1 - Spiliopoulou, Myra T1 - Services in electronic telecommunication markets: a framework for planning the virtualization of processes JF - Electronic Markets N2 - The potential of electronic markets in enabling innovative product bundles through flexible and sustainable partnerships is not yet fully exploited in the telecommunication industry. One reason is that bundling requires seamless de-assembling and re-assembling of business processes, whilst processes in telecommunication companies are often product-dependent and hard to virtualize. We propose a framework for the planning of the virtualization of processes, intended to assist the decision maker in prioritizing the processes to be virtualized: (a) we transfer the virtualization pre-requisites stated by the Process Virtualization Theory in the context of customer-oriented processes in the telecommunication industry and assess their importance in this context, (b) we derive IT-oriented requirements for the removal of virtualization barriers and highlight their demand on changes at different levels of the organization. We present a first evaluation of our approach in a case study and report on lessons learned and further steps to be performed. KW - Telecommunication KW - Services KW - Process virtualization KW - Product bundling KW - Transformation Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-010-0045-8 SN - 1422-8890 VL - 20 IS - 3-4 SP - 197 EP - 207 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olbertz, Klaus T1 - Kurzarbeit und betriebsbedingte Kündigungen - Wissenswertes für die betriebliche Praxis JF - NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht N2 - Kurzarbeit war und ist eines der wesentlichen Elemente der Unternehmen, um dem durch die Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise begründeten Arbeitskräfteüberhang begegnen zu können. Laut statistischer Mitteilung der Bundesagentur für Arbeit waren im Mai 2009 ca. 1,52 Mio. Arbeitnehmer in Kurzarbeit, im März 2010 waren es immer noch 830.000 Arbeitnehmer, die Kurzarbeitergeld bezogen haben. Bis Ende 2010 können Arbeitgeber Kurzarbeit noch für die verlängerte Höchstbezugsdauer von bis zu 18 Monaten beantragen. Zudem hat der Bundestag am 8.7.2010 eine nochmalige Verlängerung der Erstattung der Sozialversicherungsbeiträge bis März 2012 verabschiedet. Trotzdem müssen zahlreiche Arbeitgeber inzwischen feststellen, dass sie allein mit dem Mittel der Kurzarbeit nicht um einen Personalabbau herumkommen. Dies gilt insbesondere für diejenigen Unternehmen, die gleich zu Beginn der Krise im Herbst 2008 Kurzarbeit eingeführt haben und bei denen deshalb die damals noch geltende 24-monatige Höchstbezugsdauer im Herbst 2010 auslaufen wird Y1 - 2018 SN - 1860-9449 IS - 37 SP - 2966 EP - 2972 PB - NWB-Verlag CY - Herne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stefan, Middendorf A1 - Olbertz, Klaus T1 - Betriebsratswahlen 2010 JF - NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht N2 - Die nächsten regelmäßigen Wahlen zum Betriebsrat (BR) stehen vor der Tür. Sie finden in der Zeit vom 1.3.2010 bis 31.5.2010 statt. Die Wahlen sind zwar vornehmlich Sache der Arbeitnehmer, allerdings sollten auch die Arbeitgeber darauf achten, dass die Wahlen korrekt ablaufen, schließlich haben die Arbeitgeber die Kosten der Wahlen zu tragen. Kommt es hierbei zu Fehlern, die schlimmstenfalls eine Wiederholung der Wahlen erfordern, hat auch für die hierdurch zusätzlich entstehenden Kosten der Arbeitgeber aufzukommen. Zudem bietet die aktive und unterstützende Begleitung der Wahlen für die Arbeitgeber die Chance, die Grundlagen für eine konstruktive Zusammenarbeit mit dem künftigen Betriebsrat zu legen. Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert die wesentlichen Abläufe des Wahlverfahrens sowie die hierbei zwingend zu beachtenden Fristen. Y1 - 2018 SN - 1860-9449 IS - 4 SP - 290 EP - 297 PB - NWB-Verlag CY - Herne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olbertz, Klaus A1 - Thiergart, Kirsten T1 - Börsengang leicht gemacht? Gesellschafts- und arbeitsrechtliche Aspekte bei Übernahme und Verschmelzung eines Zielunternehmens auf die SPAC in der Rechtsform der SE JF - Betriebs-Berater: BB ; Recht, Wirtschaft, Steuern N2 - Die SPAC-SE ist börsenfähig und damit eine für eine SPAC grundsätzlich geeignete Rechtsform. Die Tatsache, dass es sich hierbei (zunächst) um eine leere, arbeitnehmerlose Hülle handelt, ändert hieran nichts. Die Gründung einer solchen Vorrats-SE ist trotz fehlender Arbeitnehmerbeteiligung unter teleologischer Reduktion von Art. 12 II SE-VO zulässig. Im Gegenzug muss die Arbeitnehmerbeteiligung gemaß § 18 III SEBG analog nachgeholt werden, wenn das später erworbene Zielunternehmen auf die SPAC-SE verschmolzen werden soll. Aus gesellschaftsrechtlicher Sicht ist zu beachten, dass die SPAC-SE mit Sitz in Deutschland, welche auch den deutschen, aktienrechtlichen Bestimmungen unterliegt, nur bedingt für eine SPAC geeignet erscheint. Das deutsche Aktienrecht enthält strenge Regelungen, die der für eine SPAC-SE erforderlichen Flexibilität entgegenstehen können. Dies gilt insbesondere für das Erfordernis der Zustimmung der Hauptversammlung zur Akquisition des Zielunternehmens, die Rückzahlung des Treuhandvermögens an Aktionäre, die der Akquisition nicht zugestimmt haben und die Liquidation der SPAC-SE im Falle des Scheiterns des Erwerbs des Zielobjektes. Y1 - 2018 SN - 0340-7918 SP - 1547 PB - Beck CY - München ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Barnat, Miriam T1 - Beobachtungskommunikation Y1 - 2010 N1 - Research Report / Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Institut für Technik und Gesellschaft, 18; Deposit Licence - Keine Weiterverbreitung, keine Bearbeitung ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olbertz, Klaus A1 - Kleinertz, Caroline T1 - Urlaub, Feiertage und Krankheit - Kurzarbeit in Vollzug JF - Arbeit und Arbeitsrecht : AuA Y1 - 2010 SN - 0323-4568 IS - 6 SP - 348 EP - 351 PB - Huss Medien CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dachwald, Bernd T1 - Solar sail dynamics and control T2 - Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering N2 - Solar sails are large and lightweight reflective structures that are propelled by solar radiation pressure. This chapter covers their orbital and attitude dynamics and control. First, the advantages and limitations of solar sails are discussed and their history and development status is outlined. Because the dynamics of solar sails is governed by the (thermo-)optical properties of the sail film, the basic solar radiation pressure force models have to be described and compared before parameters to measure solar sail performance can be defined. The next part covers the orbital dynamics of solar sails for heliocentric motion, planetocentric motion, and motion at Lagrangian equilibrium points. Afterwards, some advanced solar radiation pressure force models are described, which allow to quantify the thrust force on solar sails of arbitrary shape, the effects of temperature, of light incidence angle, of surface roughness, and the effects of optical degradation of the sail film in the space environment. The orbital motion of a solar sail is strongly coupled to its rotational motion, so that the attitude control of these soft and flexible structures is very challenging, especially for planetocentric orbits that require fast attitude maneuvers. Finally, some potential attitude control methods are sketched and selection criteria are given. KW - solar sail KW - sailcraft KW - orbital dynamics KW - orbit control KW - attitude dynamics Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470686652.eae292 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Borggräfe, Andreas A1 - Dachwald, Bernd T1 - Mission performance evaluation for solar sails using a refined SRP force model with variable optical coefficients T2 - 2nd International Symposium on Solar Sailing N2 - Solar sails provide ignificant advantages over other low-thrust propulsion systems because they produce thrust by the momentum exchange from solar radiation pressure (SRP) and thus do not consume any propellant.The force exerted on a very thin sail foil basically depends on the light incidence angle. Several analytical SRP force models that describe the SRP force acting on the sail have been established since the 1970s. All the widely used models use constant optical force coefficients of the reflecting sail material. In 2006,MENGALI et al. proposed a refined SRP force model that takes into account the dependancy of the force coefficients on the light incident angle,the sail’s distance from the sun (and thus the sail emperature) and the surface roughness of the sail material [1]. In this paper, the refined SRP force model is compared to the previous ones in order to identify the potential impact of the new model on the predicted capabilities of solar sails in performing low-cost interplanetary space missions. All force models have been implemented within InTrance, a global low-thrust trajectory optimization software utilizing evolutionary neurocontrol [2]. Two interplanetary rendezvous missions, to Mercury and the near-Earth asteroid 1996FG3, are investigated. Two solar sail performances in terms of characteristic acceleration are examined for both scenarios, 0.2 mm/s2 and 0.5 mm/s2, termed “low” and “medium” sail performance. In case of the refined SRP model, three different values of surface roughness are chosen, h = 0 nm, 10 nm and 25 nm. The results show that the refined SRP force model yields shorter transfer times than the standard model. Y1 - 2010 N1 - 2nd International Symposium on Solar Sailing, ISSS 2010, 2010-07-20 - 2010-07-22. New York City College of Technology of the City University of New York, USA SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Orzada, Stephan A1 - Maderwald, Stefan A1 - Poser, Benedikt Andreas A1 - Bitz, Andreas A1 - Quick, Harald H. A1 - Ladd, Mark E. T1 - RF excitation using time interleaved acquisition of modes (TIAMO) to address B1 inhomogeneity in high-field MRI JF - Magnetic Resonance in Medicine N2 - As the field strength and, therefore, the operational frequency in MRI is increased, the wavelength approaches the size of the human head/body, resulting in wave effects, which cause signal decreases and dropouts. Several multichannel approaches have been proposed to try to tackle these problems, including RF shimming, where each element in an array is driven by its own amplifier and modulated with a certain (constant) amplitude and phase relative to the other elements, and Transmit SENSE, where spatially tailored RF pulses are used. In this article, a relatively inexpensive and easy to use imaging scheme for 7 Tesla imaging is proposed to mitigate signal voids due to B1 field inhomogeneity. Two time-interleaved images are acquired using a different excitation mode for each. By forming virtual receive elements, both images are reconstructed together using GRAPPA to achieve a more homogeneous image, with only small SNR and SAR penalty in head and body imaging at 7 Tesla. Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.22527 SN - 1522-2594 VL - 64 IS - 2 SP - 327 EP - 333 PB - Wiley-Liss CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraff, Oliver A1 - Bitz, Andreas A1 - Dammann, Philipp A1 - Ladd, Susanne C. A1 - Ladd, Mark E. A1 - Quick, Harald H. T1 - An eight-channel transmit/receive multipurpose coil for musculoskeletal MR imaging at 7 T JF - Medical Physics N2 - Purpose: MRI plays a leading diagnostic role in assessing the musculoskeletal (MSK) system and is well established for most questions at clinically used field strengths (up to 3 T). However, there are still limitations in imaging early stages of cartilage degeneration, very fine tendons and ligaments, or in locating nerve lesions, for example. 7 T MRI of the knee has already received increasing attention in the current published literature, but there is a strong need to develop new radiofrequency (RF) coils to assess more regions of the MSK system. In this work, an eight-channel transmit/receive RF array was built as a multipurpose coil for imaging some of the thus far neglected regions. An extensive coil characterization protocol and first in vivo results of the human wrist, shoulder, elbow, knee, and ankle imaged at 7 T will be presented. Methods: Eight surface loop coils with a dimension ofurn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp7176:mp7176-math-0001 were machined from FR4 circuit board material. To facilitate easy positioning, two coil clusters, each with four loop elements, were combined to one RF transmit/receive array. An overlapped and shifted arrangement of the coil elements was chosen to reduce the mutual inductance between neighboring coils. A phantom made of body-simulating liquid was used for tuning and matching on the bench. Afterward, the S-parameters were verified on a human wrist, elbow, and shoulder. For safety validation, a detailed compliance test was performed including full wave simulations of the RF field distribution and the corresponding specific absorption rate (SAR) for all joints. In vivo images of four volunteers were assessed with gradient echo and spin echo sequences modified to obtain optimal image contrast, full anatomic coverage, and the highest spatial resolution within a reasonable acquisition time. The performance of the RF coil was additionally evaluated by in vivo B1 mapping. Results: A comparison of B1 per unit power, flip angle distribution, and anatomic images showed a fairly homogeneous excitation for the smaller joints (elbow, wrist, and ankle), while for the larger joints, the shoulder and especially the knee, B1 inhomogeneities and limited penetration depth were more pronounced. However, the greater part of the shoulder joint could be imaged.In vivo images rendered very fine anatomic details such as fascicles of the median nerve and the branching of the nerve bundles. High-resolution images of cartilage, labrum, and tendons could be acquired. Additionally, turbo spin echo (TSE) and inversion recovery sequences performed very well. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the concept of two four-channel transmit/receive RF arrays can be used as a multipurpose coil for high-resolutionin vivo MR imaging of the musculoskeletal system at 7 T. Not only gradient echo but also typical clinical and SAR-intensive sequences such as STIR and TSE performed well. Imaging of small structures and peripheral nerves could in particular benefit from this technique. Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3517176 SN - 2473-4209 VL - 37 IS - 12 SP - 6368 EP - 6376 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER -