TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haeger, Gerrit
A1  - Grankin, Alina
A1  - Wagner, Michaela
T1  - Construction of an Aspergillus oryzae triple amylase deletion mutant as a chassis to evaluate industrially relevant amylases using multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 editing technology
JF  - Applied Research
N2  - Aspergillus oryzae is an industrially relevant organism for the secretory production of heterologous enzymes, especially amylases. The activities of potential heterologous amylases, however, cannot be quantified directly from the supernatant due to the high background activity of native α-amylase. This activity is caused by the gene products of amyA, amyB, and amyC. In this study, an in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 system was established in A. oryzae to delete these genes simultaneously. First, pyrG of A. oryzae NSAR1 was mutated by exploiting NHEJ to generate a counter-selection marker. Next, all amylase genes were deleted simultaneously by co-transforming a repair template carrying pyrG of Aspergillus nidulans and flanking sequences of amylase gene loci. The rate of obtained triple knock-outs was 47%. We showed that triple knockouts do not retain any amylase activity in the supernatant. The established in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to achieve sequence-specific knock-in of target genes. The system was intended to incorporate a single copy of the gene of interest into the desired host for the development of screening methods. Therefore, an integration cassette for the heterologous Fpi amylase was designed to specifically target the amyB locus. The site-specific integration rate of the plasmid was 78%, with exceptional additional integrations. Integration frequency was assessed via qPCR and directly correlated with heterologous amylase activity. Hence, we could compare the efficiency between two different signal peptides. In summary, we present a strategy to exploit CRISPR/Cas9 for gene mutation, multiplex knock-out, and the targeted knock-in of an expression cassette in A. oryzae. Our system provides straightforward strain engineering and paves the way for development of fungal screening systems.
KW  - aspergillus
KW  - CRISPR/Cas9
KW  - filamentous fungi
KW  - genome engineering
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202200106
SN  - 2702-4288
IS  - Early View
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Wiley-VCH
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Groß, Rolf Fritz
A1  - Timmer, H.
T1  - Energetische und betriebswirtschaftliche Bewertung von Kühlsystemen für Kühllager
JF  - HLH. Heizung, Lüftung/Klima, Haustechnik
KW  - Heizung
KW  - Lüftung
KW  - Klimatechnik
KW  - Lüftungstechnik
KW  - Haustechnik
Y1  - 1998
SN  - 1436-5103
VL  - 49
IS  - 9
SP  - 74
EP  - 77
PB  - Springer
CY  - Düsseldorf
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herzwurm, Georg
A1  - Krams, Benedikt
A1  - Pietsch, Wolfram
A1  - Schockert, Sixten
T1  - Report from the 3rd international workshop on requirements prioritization for customer oriented software development (RePriCo’12)
JF  - ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
N2  - Prioritization is an essential task within requirements engineering to cope with complexity and to establish focus properly. The 3rd Workshop on Requirements Prioritization for customer oriented Software Development (RePriCo’12) focused on requirements prioritization and adjacent themes in the context of customer oriented development of bespoke and standard software. Five submissions have been accepted for the proceedings and for presentation. The report summarizes and points out key findings.
KW  - Requirements relations
KW  - Discourse ethics
KW  - Tool support
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Requirements prioritization
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1145/2237796.2237817
SN  - 0163-5948
VL  - 37
IS  - 4
SP  - 32
EP  - 34
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pfaff, Raphael
T1  - Braking distance prediction for vehicle consist in low-speed on-sight operation: a Monte Carlo approach
JF  - Railway Engineering Science
N2  - The first and last mile of a railway journey, in both freight and transit applications, constitutes a high effort and is either non-productive (e.g. in the case of depot operations) or highly inefficient (e.g. in industrial railways). These parts are typically managed on-sight, i.e. with no signalling and train protection systems ensuring the freedom of movement. This is possible due to the rather short braking distances of individual vehicles and shunting consists. The present article analyses the braking behaviour of such shunting units. For this purpose, a dedicated model is developed. It is calibrated on published results of brake tests and validated against a high-definition model for low-speed applications. Based on this model, multiple simulations are executed to obtain a Monte Carlo simulation of the resulting braking distances. Based on the distribution properties and established safety levels, the risk of exceeding certain braking distances is evaluated and maximum braking distances are derived. Together with certain parameters of the system, these can serve in the design and safety assessment of driver assistance systems and automation of these processes.
KW  - Freight rail
KW  - Shunting
KW  - Braking curves
KW  - Brake set-up
KW  - Driver assistance system
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-023-00303-7
SN  - 2662-4753 (eISSN)
SN  - 2662-4745 (Print)
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
SP  - 135
EP  - 144
PB  - SpringerOpen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dellmann, Sophia Florence
A1  - Glorius, J.
A1  - Litvinov, Yu A.
A1  - Reifarth, R.
A1  - Al-Khasawneh, Kafa
A1  - Aliotta, M.
A1  - Bott, L.
A1  - Brückner, Benjamin
A1  - Bruno, C. G.
A1  - Chen, Ruijiu
A1  - Davinson, T.
A1  - Dickel, T.
A1  - Dillmann, Iris
A1  - Dmytriev, D.
A1  - Erbacher, P.
A1  - Freire-Fernández, D.
A1  - Forstner, Oliver
A1  - Geissel, H.
A1  - Göbel, K.
A1  - Griffin, Christopher J.
A1  - Grisenti, R.
A1  - Gumberidze, Alexandre
A1  - Haettner, Emma
A1  - Hagmann, Siegbert
A1  - Heil, M.
A1  - Heß, R.
A1  - Hillenbrand, P.-M.
A1  - Joseph, R.
A1  - Jurado, B.
A1  - Kozhuharov, Christophor
A1  - Kulikov, I.
A1  - Löher, Bastian
A1  - Langer, Christoph
A1  - Leckenby, Guy
A1  - Lederer-Woods, C.
A1  - Lestinsky, M.
A1  - Litvinov, S. A.
A1  - Lorenz, B. A.
A1  - Lorenz, E.
A1  - Marsh, J.
A1  - Menz, Esther Babette
A1  - Morgenroth, T.
A1  - Petridis, N.
A1  - Pibernat, Jerome
A1  - Popp, U.
A1  - Psaltis, Athanasios
A1  - Sanjari, Shahab
A1  - Scheidenberger, C.
A1  - Sguazzin, M.
A1  - Sidhu, Ragandeep Singh
A1  - Spillmann, Uwe
A1  - Steck, M.
A1  - Stöhlker, T.
A1  - Surzhykov, A.
A1  - Swartz, J. A.
A1  - Törnqvist, H.
A1  - Varga, L.
A1  - Vescovi, Diego
A1  - Weick, H.
A1  - Weigand, M.
A1  - Woods, P.
A1  - Xing, Y.
A1  - Yamaguchi, Taiyo
T1  - Proton capture on stored radioactive ¹¹⁸Te ions
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
N2  - Experimental determination of the cross sections of proton capture on radioactive nuclei is extremely difficult. Therefore, it is of substantial interest for the understanding of the production of the p-nuclei. For the first time, a direct measurement of proton-capture cross sections on stored, radioactive ions became possible in an energy range of interest for nuclear astrophysics. The experiment was performed at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI by making use of a sensitive method to measure (p,γ) and (p,n) reactions in inverse kinematics. These reaction channels are of high relevance for the nucleosyn-thesis processes in supernovae, which are among the most violent explosions in the universe and are not yet well understood. The cross section of the ¹¹⁸Te(p,γ) reaction has been measured at energies of 6 MeV/u and 7 MeV/u. The heavy ions interacted with a hydrogen gas jet target. The radiative recombination process of the fully stripped ¹¹⁸Te ions and electrons from the hydrogen target was used as a luminosity monitor. An overview of the experimental method and preliminary results from the ongoing analysis will be presented.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327911018
SN  - 2100-014X
N1  - Volume 279, 2023. Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics – X (NPA-X 2022).
VL  - 279
IS  - Article Number: 11018
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - EDP Sciences
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thulfaut, Christian
A1  - Groß, Rolf Fritz
T1  - Experimentelle Untersuchung der Luftstromvermischung in Hybridzellenkühltürmen
JF  - HLH. Heizung, Lüftung/Klima, Haustechnik
N2  - Zwangsbelüftete Nasskühltürme haben im Gegensatz zur Trockenkühlung bei naßkaltem Wetter Nebelschwaden zur Folge. Dagegen ist bei Naßkühlung die spezifische Kühlleistung durch abgeführte Kondensationswärme höher als bei der Trockenkühlung. Hybridzellenkühltürme kombinieren beide Methoden, so daß ein Mischstrom beider Abluftströme die Wasserdampf-Sättigungsgrenze nicht überschreitet. Durch das Mischungsverhältnis kann man den gewünschten Sättigungsgrad einstellen. Je dichter dieser an der Sättigungsgrenze liegt, desto höher ist die Kühlleistung. Der von unten zugeführte Luftstrom der Naßkühlung und der seitlich zugeführte trockene Abluftstrom müssen sehr gut durchmischt werden, um über den gesamten Austrittsquerschnitt des Kühlturms die Sättigungsgrenze nicht zu überschreiten. In einem maßstabsgerechten Modell wurde der Mischungsgrad mit und ohne Einbauten untersucht. Über ein Raster von 10 mal 10 Punkten wurde die örtliche Temperaturverteilung ermittelt. Wärmebilanzen ergeben dann die Mischungsgüte in einer Ebene oberhalb der Zellenkrone. Während ohne Mischeinbauten der Trockenluftanteil in der Mitte des Querschnitts bei unter 15 % liegt erhöhen Einbauten den Trockenluftanteil auf 30 % bis über 40 %. Dabei wurde die Trockenluft auf jeder Kühlturmseite durch 4 konisch zulaufende, unten offene und oben geschlitzte Einbauten kanalisiert. Die Nassluft wurde durch eine im Querschnitt dreieckige Rinne in Richtung der Trockenluftauslässe umgelenkt. Im Raster leicht zu lokalisierende Abweichungen vom gewünschten Mittelwert zeigen Potential für die weitere Verbesserung der Einbauten.
KW  - Trockenkühlturm
KW  - Nasskühlturm
KW  - kombiniertes Verfahren
KW  - Mischen
KW  - Abluft
Y1  - 2000
SN  - 1436-5103
VL  - 51
IS  - 8
SP  - 48
EP  - 49
PB  - Springer
CY  - Düsseldorf
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herssens, Nolan
A1  - Cowburn, James
A1  - Albracht, Kirsten
A1  - Braunstein, Bjoern
A1  - Cazzola, Dario
A1  - Colyer, Steffi
A1  - Minetti, Alberto E.
A1  - Pavei, Gaspare
A1  - Rittweger, Jörn
A1  - Weber, Tobias
A1  - Green, David A.
ED  - Cattaneo, Luigi
T1  - Movement in low gravity environments (MoLo) programme – the MoLo-L.O.O.P. study protocol
JF  - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science
N2  - Exposure to prolonged periods in microgravity is associated with deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system due to chronic changes in mechanical stimulation. Given astronauts will operate on the Lunar surface for extended periods of time, it is critical to quantify both external (e.g., ground reaction forces) and internal (e.g., joint reaction forces) loads of relevant movements performed during Lunar missions. Such knowledge is key to predict musculoskeletal deconditioning and determine appropriate exercise countermeasures associated with extended exposure to hypogravity.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278051
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 17
IS  - 11
PB  - Plos
CY  - San Francisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Groß, Rolf Fritz
A1  - Berger, J.
T1  - Quo Vadis - Ausblick in die Gebäudeleittechnik der Zukunft
T1  - Whitherfacility management? An outlook to the future
JF  - HLH. Heizung, Lüftung/Klima, Haustechnik
N2  - Auf dem Weg zum vernetzten Haus stoßen Hersteller und Planer, insbesondere im privaten Wohnungsbau, zur Zeit noch auf erhebliche Widerstände bei der Durchdringung des Marktes.
N2  - Producers and planners of facility management systems are still faced with building owners' reluctance, especially when it comes to private homes.
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 1436-5103
VL  - 56
IS  - 1
SP  - 39
EP  - 41
PB  - Springer
CY  - Düsseldorf
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Groß, Rolf Fritz
A1  - Berger, J.
A1  - Groß, H.
T1  - Gebäudeautomation - Betriebsdatenerfassung und Gebäudeleittechnik im Klartext
T1  - Operating data- and facility management in clear
JF  - HLH. Heizung, Lüftung/Klima, Haustechnik
KW  - Heizung
KW  - Lüftung
KW  - Klimatechnik
KW  - Lüftungstechnik
KW  - Haustechnik
Y1  - 2003
SN  - 1436-5103
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
SP  - 81
PB  - Springer
CY  - Düsseldorf
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Coll-Perales, Baldomero
A1  - Schulte-Tigges, Joschua
A1  - Rondinone, Michele
A1  - Gozalvez, Javier
A1  - Reke, Michael
A1  - Matheis, Dominik
A1  - Walter, Thomas
T1  - Prototyping and evaluation of infrastructure-assisted transition of control for cooperative automated vehicles
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
N2  - Automated driving is now possible in diverse road and traffic conditions. However, there are still situations that automated vehicles cannot handle safely and efficiently. In this case, a Transition of Control (ToC) is necessary so that the driver takes control of the driving. Executing a ToC requires the driver to get full situation awareness of the driving environment. If the driver fails to get back the control in a limited time, a Minimum Risk Maneuver (MRM) is executed to bring the vehicle into a safe state (e.g., decelerating to full stop). The execution of ToCs requires some time and can cause traffic disruption and safety risks that increase if several vehicles execute ToCs/MRMs at similar times and in the same area. This study proposes to use novel C-ITS traffic management measures where the infrastructure exploits V2X communications to assist Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) in the execution of ToCs. The infrastructure can suggest a spatial distribution of ToCs, and inform vehicles of the locations where they could execute a safe stop in case of MRM. This paper reports the first field operational tests that validate the feasibility and quantify the benefits of the proposed infrastructure-assisted ToC and MRM management. The paper also presents the CAV and roadside infrastructure prototypes implemented and used in the trials. The conducted field trials demonstrate that infrastructure-assisted traffic management solutions can reduce safety risks and traffic disruptions.
KW  - Automated driving
KW  - automated vehicles
KW  - connected automated vehicles
KW  - CAV
KW  - experimental evaluation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2021.3061085
SN  - 1524-9050 (Print)
SN  - 1558-0016 (Online)
VL  - 23
IS  - 7
SP  - 6720
EP  - 6736
PB  - IEEE
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Morais, Paulo V.
A1  - Suman, Pedro H.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Siqueira Junior, José R.
A1  - Orlandi, Marcelo O.
T1  - Layer-by-layer film based on Sn₃O₄ nanobelts as sensing units to detect heavy metals using a capacitive field-effect sensor platform
JF  - Chemosensors
N2  - Lead and nickel, as heavy metals, are still used in industrial processes, and are classified as “environmental health hazards” due to their toxicity and polluting potential. The detection of heavy metals can prevent environmental pollution at toxic levels that are critical to human health. In this sense, the electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensor is an attractive sensing platform concerning the fabrication of reusable and robust sensors to detect such substances. This study is aimed to fabricate a sensing unit on an EIS device based on Sn₃O₄ nanobelts embedded in a polyelectrolyte matrix of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The EIS-Sn₃O₄ sensor exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance for detecting Pb²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions, revealing a higher affinity for Pb²⁺ ions, with sensitivities of ca. 25.8 mV/decade and 2.4 mV/decade, respectively. Such results indicate that Sn₃O₄ nanobelts can contemplate a feasible proof-of-concept capacitive field-effect sensor for heavy metal detection, envisaging other future studies focusing on environmental monitoring.
KW  - Sn₃O₄
KW  - nanobelts
KW  - field-effect sensor
KW  - LbL films
KW  - heavy metals
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11080436
SN  - 2227-9040
N1  - This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Sensors or Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schulze, Sven
A1  - Feyerl, Günter
A1  - Pischinger, Stefan
T1  - Advanced ECMS for hybrid electric heavy-duty trucks with predictive battery discharge and adaptive operating strategy under real driving conditions
JF  - Energies
N2  - To fulfil the CO2 emission reduction targets of the European Union (EU), heavy-duty (HD) trucks need to operate 15% more efficiently by 2025 and 30% by 2030. Their electrification is necessary as conventional HD trucks are already optimized for the long-haul application. The resulting hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) truck gains most of the fuel saving potential by the recuperation of potential energy and its consecutive utilization. The key to utilizing the full potential of HEV-HD trucks is to maximize the amount of recuperated energy and ensure its intelligent usage while keeping the operating point of the internal combustion engine as efficient as possible. To achieve this goal, an intelligent energy management strategy (EMS) based on ECMS is developed for a parallel HEV-HD truck which uses predictive discharge of the battery and adaptive operating strategy regarding the height profile and the vehicle mass. The presented EMS can reproduce the global optimal operating strategy over long phases and lead to a fuel saving potential of up to 2% compared with a heuristic strategy. Furthermore, the fuel saving potential is correlated with the investigated boundary conditions to deepen the understanding of the impact of intelligent EMS for HEV-HD trucks.
KW  - Energy management strategies
KW  - ECMS
KW  - CO2 emission reduction targets
KW  - Driving cycle recognition
KW  - Predictive battery discharge
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135171
SN  - 1996-1073
N1  - The article belongs to the Special Issue "Energy Management Strategies of Electrified Vehicles toward the Real-World Driving".
VL  - 16
IS  - 13
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Waldvogel, Janice
A1  - Freyler, Kathrin
A1  - Helm, Michael
A1  - Monti, Elena
A1  - Stäudle, Benjamin
A1  - Gollhofer, Albert
A1  - Narici, Marco V.
A1  - Ritzmann, Ramona
A1  - Albracht, Kirsten
T1  - Changes in gravity affect neuromuscular control, biomechanics, and muscle-tendon mechanics in energy storage and dissipation tasks
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
N2  - This study evaluates neuromechanical control and muscle-tendon interaction during energy storage and dissipation tasks in hypergravity. During parabolic flights, while 17 subjects performed drop jumps (DJs) and drop landings (DLs), electromyography (EMG) of the lower limb muscles was combined with in vivo fascicle dynamics of the gastrocnemius medialis, two-dimensional (2D) kinematics, and kinetics to measure and analyze changes in energy management. Comparisons were made between movement modalities executed in hypergravity (1.8 G) and gravity on ground (1 G). In 1.8 G, ankle dorsiflexion, knee joint flexion, and vertical center of mass (COM) displacement are lower in DJs than in DLs; within each movement modality, joint flexion amplitudes and COM displacement demonstrate higher values in 1.8 G than in 1 G. Concomitantly, negative peak ankle joint power, vertical ground reaction forces, and leg stiffness are similar between both movement modalities (1.8 G). In DJs, EMG activity in 1.8 G is lower during the COM deceleration phase than in 1 G, thus impairing quasi-isometric fascicle behavior. In DLs, EMG activity before and during the COM deceleration phase is higher, and fascicles are stretched less in 1.8 G than in 1 G. Compared with the situation in 1 G, highly task-specific neuromuscular activity is diminished in 1.8 G, resulting in fascicle lengthening in both movement modalities. Specifically, in DJs, a high magnitude of neuromuscular activity is impaired, resulting in altered energy storage. In contrast, in DLs, linear stiffening of the system due to higher neuromuscular activity combined with lower fascicle stretch enhances the buffering function of the tendon, and thus the capacity to safely dissipate energy.
KW  - electromyography
KW  - locomotion
KW  - overload
KW  - stretch-shortening cycle
KW  - ultrasound
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00279.2022
SN  - 1522-1601 (Onlineausgabe)
SN  - 8750-7587 (Druckausgabe)
VL  - 134
IS  - 1
SP  - 190
EP  - 202
PB  - American Physiological Society
CY  - Bethesda, Md.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heieis, Jule
A1  - Böcker, Jonas
A1  - D'Angelo, Olfa
A1  - Mittag, Uwe
A1  - Albracht, Kirsten
A1  - Schönau, Eckhard
A1  - Meyer, Andreas
A1  - Voigtmann, Thomas
A1  - Rittweger, Jörn
T1  - Curvature of gastrocnemius muscle fascicles as function of muscle–tendon complex length and contraction in humans
JF  - Physiological Reports
N2  - It has been shown that muscle fascicle curvature increases with increasing contraction level and decreasing muscle–tendon complex length. The analyses were done with limited examination windows concerning contraction level, muscle–tendon complex length, and/or intramuscular position of ultrasound imaging. With this study we aimed to investigate the correlation between fascicle arching and contraction, muscle–tendon complex length and their associated architectural parameters in gastrocnemius muscles to develop hypotheses concerning the fundamental mechanism of fascicle curving. Twelve participants were tested in five different positions (90°/105°*, 90°/90°*, 135°/90°*, 170°/90°*, and 170°/75°*; *knee/ankle angle). They performed isometric contractions at four different contraction levels (5%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of maximum voluntary contraction) in each position. Panoramic ultrasound images of gastrocnemius muscles were collected at rest and during constant contraction. Aponeuroses and fascicles were tracked in all ultrasound images and the parameters fascicle curvature, muscle–tendon complex strain, contraction level, pennation angle, fascicle length, fascicle strain, intramuscular position, sex and age group were analyzed by linear mixed effect models. Mean fascicle curvature of the medial gastrocnemius increased with contraction level (+5 m−1 from 0% to 100%; p = 0.006). Muscle–tendon complex length had no significant impact on mean fascicle curvature. Mean pennation angle (2.2 m−1 per 10°; p < 0.001), inverse mean fascicle length (20 m−1 per cm−1; p = 0.003), and mean fascicle strain (−0.07 m−1 per +10%; p = 0.004) correlated with mean fascicle curvature. Evidence has also been found for intermuscular, intramuscular, and sex-specific intramuscular differences of fascicle curving. Pennation angle and the inverse fascicle length show the highest predictive capacities for fascicle curving. Due to the strong correlations between pennation angle and fascicle curvature and the intramuscular pattern of curving we suggest for future studies to examine correlations between fascicle curvature and intramuscular fluid pressure.
KW  - biomechanics
KW  - connective tissue
KW  - physiology
KW  - ultrasound
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.15739
SN  - 2051-817X
VL  - 11
IS  - 11
SP  - e15739, Seite 1-11
PB  - Wiley
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kempt, Hendrik
A1  - Freyer, Nils
A1  - Nagel, Saskia K.
T1  - Justice and the normative standards of explainability in healthcare
JF  - Philosophy & Technology
N2  - Providing healthcare services frequently involves cognitively demanding tasks, including diagnoses and analyses as well as complex decisions about treatments and therapy. From a global perspective, ethically significant inequalities exist between regions where the expert knowledge required for these tasks is scarce or abundant. One possible strategy to diminish such inequalities and increase healthcare opportunities in expert-scarce settings is to provide healthcare solutions involving digital technologies that do not necessarily require the presence of a human expert, e.g., in the form of artificial intelligent decision-support systems (AI-DSS). Such algorithmic decision-making, however, is mostly developed in resource- and expert-abundant settings to support healthcare experts in their work. As a practical consequence, the normative standards and requirements for such algorithmic decision-making in healthcare require the technology to be at least as explainable as the decisions made by the experts themselves. The goal of providing healthcare in settings where resources and expertise are scarce might come with a normative pull to lower the normative standards of using digital technologies in order to provide at least some healthcare in the first place. We scrutinize this tendency to lower standards in particular settings from a normative perspective, distinguish between different types of absolute and relative, local and global standards of explainability, and conclude by defending an ambitious and practicable standard of local relative explainability.
KW  - Clinical decision support systems
KW  - Justice
KW  - Medical AI
KW  - Explainability
KW  - Normative standards
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-022-00598-0
VL  - 35
IS  - Article number: 100
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Timme, Michael
T1  - Bauliche Veränderungen durch Wohnungseigentümer und die Zustimmung der Gemeinschaft : Zugleich eine Besprechung des BGH, Urt. v. 17.3.2023 – V ZR 140/22, MDR 2023, 619
JF  - Monatsschrift für Deutsches Recht
N2  - Durch das WEMoG (Gesetz v. 16.10.2020, BGBl. I 2187) hat der Gesetzgeber die Regelung des § 20 WEG eingeführt. Demnach ist auch für bauliche Veränderungen an Räumen und Flächen, die einem Sondernutzungsrecht unterliegen, die Zustimmung der Gemeinschaft  notwendig. Der BGH hat  nun mit  Urt. v. 17.3.2023 –V ZR 140/22, MDR 2023, 619 deutlich gemacht, dass bei Fehlen eines entsprechenden Beschlusses, die bauliche Veränderung durch einen einzelnen Wohnungseigentümer nicht vorgenommen werden darf, sondern eine rechtswidrige Eigentumsbeeinträchtigung darstellt. Der folgende Beitrag nimmt die Entscheidung zum Anlass, um die neue Rechtslage durch § 20 WEG eingehend zu erläutern. Gleichzeitig werden die Folgen der aktuellen Entscheidung näher dargestellt.
Y1  - 2023
SN  - 2194-4202 (online)
SN  - 0340-1812 (print)
VL  - 77
IS  - 13
SP  - 815
EP  - 818
PB  - Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt
CY  - Köln
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lepke, Dietrich
A1  - Lillie, Dirk
A1  - Peterson, Leif Arne
A1  - Hempe, Thomas
T1  - Liegedauer von Holzschwellen in Tunneln der Hamburger Hochbahn AG
JF  - EI - Der Eisenbahningenieur
N2  - Die Hamburger Hochbahn AG benötigte im Rahmen der Überarbeitung einer langfristigen Instandhaltungs- und Erneuerungsstrategie für ihre U-Bahn-Infrastruktur eine belastbare Aussage über die Restlebensdauer der Holzschwellen im Tunnel. Aus diesem Grunde beauftragte sie das Institut für Verkehrswesen, Eisenbahnbau und -betrieb (IVE) der Universität Hannover mit der Erstellung eines entsprechenden Gutachtens. Das Ergebnis führte zu der gesicherten Aussage einer erheblich längeren Restlebensdauer der Tunnelschwellen gegenüber den bisherigen, geschätzten Annahmen.
Y1  - 2006
SN  - 0013-2810
IS  - 2
SP  - 46
EP  - 50
PB  - DVV Media Group
CY  - Hamburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nabil, F.
A1  - Peterson, Leif Arne
A1  - Schmidt, A.
A1  - Geerdes, D.
T1  - Die Holzkuppel des Neuen Palais in Potsdam
JF  - Bauingenieur
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 0005-6650
VL  - 85
IS  - 8
SP  - 324
EP  - 330
PB  - Springer-VDI-Verlag
CY  - Düsseldorf
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Özsoylu, Dua
A1  - Aliazizi, Fereshteh
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Template bacteria-free fabrication of surface imprinted polymer-based biosensor for E. coli detection using photolithographic mimics: Hacking bacterial adhesion
JF  - Biosensors and Bioelectronics
N2  - As one class of molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs), surface imprinted polymer (SIP)-based biosensors show great potential in direct whole-bacteria detection. Micro-contact imprinting, that involves stamping the template bacteria immobilized on a substrate into a pre-polymerized polymer matrix, is the most straightforward and prominent method to obtain SIP-based biosensors. However, the major drawbacks of the method arise from the requirement for fresh template bacteria and often non-reproducible bacteria distribution on the stamp substrate. Herein, we developed a positive master stamp containing photolithographic mimics of the template bacteria (E. coli) enabling reproducible fabrication of biomimetic SIP-based biosensors without the need for the “real” bacteria cells. By using atomic force and scanning electron microscopy imaging techniques, respectively, the E. coli-capturing ability of the SIP samples was tested, and compared with non-imprinted polymer (NIP)-based samples and control SIP samples, in which the cavity geometry does not match with E. coli cells. It was revealed that the presence of the biomimetic E. coli imprints with a specifically designed geometry increases the sensor E. coli-capturing ability by an “imprinting factor” of about 3. These findings show the importance of geometry-guided physical recognition in bacterial detection using SIP-based biosensors. In addition, this imprinting strategy was employed to interdigitated electrodes and QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) chips. E. coli detection performance of the sensors was demonstrated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and QCM measurements with dissipation monitoring technique (QCM-D).
KW  - Surface imprinted polymer
KW  - E. coli detection
KW  - Photolithographic mimics
KW  - Master stamp
KW  - Quartz crystal microbalance
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2024.116491
SN  - 1873-4235 (eISSN)
SN  - 0956-5663
N1  - Corresponding author: Michael J. Schöning
VL  - 261
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ketelhut, Maike
A1  - Brügge, G. M.
A1  - Göll, Fabian
A1  - Braunstein, Bjoern
A1  - Albracht, Kirsten
A1  - Abel, Dirk
T1  - Adaptive iterative learning control of an industrial robot during neuromuscular training
JF  - IFAC PapersOnLine
N2  - To prevent the reduction of muscle mass and loss of strength coming along with the human aging process, regular training with e.g. a leg press is suitable. However, the risk of training-induced injuries requires the continuous monitoring and controlling of the forces applied to the musculoskeletal system as well as the velocity along the motion trajectory and the range of motion. In this paper, an adaptive norm-optimal iterative learning control algorithm to minimize the knee joint loadings during the leg extension training with an industrial robot is proposed. The response of the algorithm is tested in simulation for patients with varus, normal and valgus alignment of the knee and compared to the results of a higher-order iterative learning control algorithm, a robust iterative learning control and a recently proposed conventional norm-optimal iterative learning control algorithm. Although significant improvements in performance are made compared to the conventional norm-optimal iterative learning control algorithm with a small learning factor, for the developed approach as well as the robust iterative learning control algorithm small steady state errors occur.
KW  - Iterative learning control
KW  - Robotic rehabilitation
KW  - Adaptive control
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.741
SN  - 2405-8963
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
SP  - 16468
EP  - 16475
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -