TY - JOUR A1 - Druckenmüller, Katharina A1 - Günther, Klaus A1 - Elbers, Gereon T1 - Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a tool to monitor exhaust air from poultry operations JF - Science of the Total Environment N2 - Intensive poultry operation systems emit a considerable volume of inorganic and organic matter in the surrounding environment. Monitoring cleaning properties of exhaust air cleaning systems and to detect small but significant changes in emission characteristics during a fattening cycle is important for both emission and fattening process control. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometric techniques as a monitoring tool of exhaust air from poultry operation systems. To generate a high-quality data set for evaluation, the exhaust air of two poultry houses was sampled by applying state-of-the-art filter sampling protocols. The two stables were identical except for one crucial difference, the presence or absence of an exhaust air cleaning system. In total, twenty-one exhaust air samples were collected at the two sites to monitor spectral differences caused by the cleaning device, and to follow changes in exhaust air characteristics during a fattening period. The total dust load was analyzed by gravimetric determination and included as a response variable in multivariate data analysis. The filter samples were directly measured with NIR spectroscopy. Principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and factor analysis (FA) were effective in classifying the NIR exhaust air spectra according to fattening day and origin. The results indicate that the dust load and the composition of exhaust air (inorganic or organic matter) substantially influence the NIR spectral patterns. In conclusion, NIR spectroscopy as a tool is a promising and very rapid way to detect differences between exhaust air samples based on still not clearly defined circumstances triggered during a fattening period and the availability of an exhaust air cleaning system. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.072 SN - 0048-9697 VL - 630 SP - 536 EP - 543 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckert, Alexander A1 - Rudolph, Tobias A1 - Guo, Jiaqi A1 - Mang, Thomas A1 - Walther, Andreas T1 - Exceptionally Ductile and Tough Biomimetic Artificial Nacre with Gas Barrier Function JF - Advanced Materials N2 - Synthetic mimics of natural high-performance structural materials have shown great and partly unforeseen opportunities for the design of multifunctional materials. For nacre-mimetic nanocomposites, it has remained extraordinarily challenging to make ductile materials with high stretchability at high fractions of reinforcements, which is however of crucial importance for flexible barrier materials. Here, highly ductile and tough nacre-mimetic nanocomposites are presented, by implementing weak, but many hydrogen bonds in a ternary nacre-mimetic system consisting of two polymers (poly(vinyl amine) and poly(vinyl alcohol)) and natural nanoclay (montmorillonite) to provide efficient energy dissipation and slippage at high nanoclay content (50 wt%). Tailored interactions enable exceptional combinations of ductility (close to 50% strain) and toughness (up to 27.5 MJ m⁻³). Extensive stress whitening, a clear sign of high internal dynamics at high internal cohesion, can be observed during mechanical deformation, and the materials can be folded like paper into origami planes without fracture. Overall, the new levels of ductility and toughness are unprecedented in highly reinforced bioinspired nanocomposites and are of critical importance to future applications, e.g., as barrier materials needed for encapsulation and as a printing substrate for flexible organic electronics. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802477 VL - 30 IS - 32 SP - Article number 1802477 PB - Wiley-VCH ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edip, K. A1 - Sesov, V. A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Bojadjieva, J. T1 - Development of coupled numerical model for simulation of multiphase soil JF - Computers and Geotechnics N2 - In this paper, a coupled multiphase model considering both non-linearities of water retention curves and solid state modeling is proposed. The solid displacements and the pressures of both water and air phases are unknowns of the proposed model. The finite element method is used to solve the governing differential equations. The proposed method is demonstrated through simulation of seepage test and partially consolidation problem. Then, implementation of the model is done by using hypoplasticity for the solid phase and analyzing the fully saturated triaxial experiments. In integration of the constitutive law error controlling is improved and comparisons done accordingly. In this work, the advantages and limitations of the numerical model are discussed. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.08.016 SN - 0266-352X VL - 96 SP - 118 EP - 131 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Engel, Mareike A1 - Holtmann, Dirk A1 - Ulber, Roland A1 - Tippkötter, Nils T1 - Increased Biobutanol Production by Mediator‐Less Electro‐Fermentation JF - Biotechnology Journal N2 - A future bio-economy should not only be based on renewable raw materials but also in the raise of carbon yields of existing production routes. Microbial electrochemical technologies are gaining increased attention for this purpose. In this study, the electro-fermentative production of biobutanol with C. acetobutylicum without the use of exogenous mediators is investigated regarding the medium composition and the reactor design. It is shown that the use of an optimized synthetic culture medium allows higher product concentrations, increased biofilm formation, and higher conductivities compared to a synthetic medium supplemented with yeast extract. Moreover, the optimization of the reactor system results in a doubling of the maximum product concentrations for fermentation products. When a working electrode is polarized at −600 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, a shift from butyrate to acetone and butanol production is induced. This leads to an increased final solvent yield of Yᴀᴃᴇ = 0.202 gg⁻¹ (control 0.103 gg⁻¹), which is also reflected in a higher carbon efficiency of 37.6% compared to 23.3% (control) as well as a fourfold decrease in simplified E-factor to 0.43. The results are promising for further development of biobutanol production in bioelectrochemical systems in order to fulfil the principles of Green Chemistry. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biot.201800514 SN - 1860-7314 IS - Volume 14, Issue 4 SP - Artikel 1800514 PB - Wiley-VCH ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. A1 - Buhl, Eva Miriam A1 - Draack, Sebastian A1 - Viereck, Thilo A1 - Frank, A1 - Schmitz-Rode, Thomas A1 - Slabu, Ioana T1 - Magnetic relaxation of agglomerated and immobilized iron oxide nanoparticles for hyperthermia and imaging applications JF - IEEE Magnetic Letters N2 - Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used as therapeutic and diagnostic agents for local delivery of heat and image contrast enhancement in diseased tissue. Besides magnetization, the most important parameter that determines their performance for these applications is their magnetic relaxation, which can be affected when MNPs immobilize and agglomerate inside tissues. In this letter, we investigate different MNP agglomeration states for their magnetic relaxation properties under excitation in alternating fields and relate this to their heating efficiency and imaging properties. With focus on magnetic fluid hyperthermia, two different trends in MNP heating efficiency are measured: an increase by up to 23% for agglomerated MNP in suspension and a decrease by up to 28% for mixed states of agglomerated and immobilized MNP, which indicates that immobilization is the dominant effect. The same comparatively moderate effects are obtained for the signal amplitude in magnetic particle spectroscopy. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2018.2879034 SN - 1949-307X VL - 9 IS - Article number 8519617 PB - IEEE CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. A1 - Roeth, Anjali A.J. A1 - Eberbeck, Dietmar A1 - Buhl, Eva Miriam A1 - Neumann, Ulf Peter A1 - Schmitz-Rode, Thomas A1 - Slabu, Ioana T1 - Combining Bulk Temperature and Nanoheating Enables Advanced Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia Efficacy on Pancreatic Tumor Cells JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Many efforts are made worldwide to establish magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) as a treatment for organ-confined tumors. However, translation to clinical application hardly succeeds as it still lacks of understanding the mechanisms determining MFH cytotoxic effects. Here, we investigate the intracellular MFH efficacy with respect to different parameters and assess the intracellular cytotoxic effects in detail. For this, MiaPaCa-2 human pancreatic tumor cells and L929 murine fibroblasts were loaded with iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and exposed to MFH for either 30 min or 90 min. The resulting cytotoxic effects were assessed via clonogenic assay. Our results demonstrate that cell damage depends not only on the obvious parameters bulk temperature and duration of treatment, but most importantly on cell type and thermal energy deposited per cell during MFH treatment. Tumor cell death of 95% was achieved by depositing an intracellular total thermal energy with about 50% margin to damage of healthy cells. This is attributed to combined intracellular nanoheating and extracellular bulk heating. Tumor cell damage of up to 86% was observed for MFH treatment without perceptible bulk temperature rise. Effective heating decreased by up to 65% after MNP were internalized inside cells. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31553-9 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - Article number 13210 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ermolaev, A.P. A1 - Nivokov, I.A. A1 - Melnikova, L.I. A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin T1 - Сравнительная характеристика химического состава витреального содержимого кадаверных глаз и глаз с рефрактерной терминальной глаукомой T1 - Comparative characteristics of the chemical composition of vitreal contents of cadaver eyes and eyes with terminal refractory glaucoma JF - Vestnik oftalmologii N2 - Purpose — to compare the chemical elemental composition of vitreous cavity content taken from cadaveric eyes compared to samples taken from the eyes with terminal stage refractory glaucoma with decompensated intraocular pressure (IOP). Material and methods. The vitreous contents of the eyes from 2 groups were studied. The 1st group included 15 cadaveric eyes; the 2nd group included 15 eyes with refractory glaucoma in the terminal stage of the disease with decompensated IOP in patients with hypertension pain. The vitreal content samples were taken in the course of antiglaucoma surgery aimed at preserving the eye as an organ and involving employment of drainage in the vitreous cavity. The study of virtual contents was carried out on energy dispersive spectrometer Oxford X-Max 50 integrated into scanning electron microscope Zeiss EVO LS10. Results. Increased concentrations of Kalium and Phosphorus were detected in the vitreous content of cadaveric eyes compared with the vitreal content from the eyes with terminal glaucoma with decompensated IOP taken in vivo (K — 0.172/0.093; P — 0.045/0.025 mmol/L). In the vitreous cavity in the eyes with end-stage glaucoma with decompensated IOP, the concentration of Nitrogen was higher in comparison with human cadaver eyes (2.030/1.424 mmol/L). Conclusion. The increased concentrations of Kalium and Phosphorus in the vitreous content of cadaveric eyes is associated with postmortem autolytic processes and with the release of intracellular content in the destruction of cell membranes. The increased Nitrogen concentration in the vitreal contents of the eyes with terminal stage glaucoma with decompensated IOP may be associated with the presence of osmotically active nitrogen-containing compounds in the eyes with increased IOP. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2018134051195 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 195 EP - 201 PB - Media Sfera CY - Moskau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Figueroa-Miranda, Gabriela A1 - Feng, Lingyan A1 - Shiu, Simon Chi-Chin A1 - Dirkzwager, Roderick Marshall A1 - Cheung, Yee-Wai A1 - Tanner, Julian Alexander A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Offenhäusser, Andreas A1 - Mayer, Dirk T1 - Aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive and selective malaria detection with adjustable dynamic response range and reusability JF - Sensor and Actuators B: Chemical N2 - Malaria infection remains a significant risk for much of the population of tropical and subtropical areas, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, it is of high importance to develop sensitive, accurate and inexpensive malaria diagnosis tests. Here, we present a novel aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor (aptasensor) for malaria detection by impedance spectroscopy, through the specific recognition between a highly discriminatory DNA aptamer and its target Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH). Interestingly, due to the isoelectric point (pI) of PfLDH, the aptasensor response showed an adjustable detection range based on the different protein net-charge at variable pH environments. The specific aptamer recognition allows sensitive protein detection with an expanded detection range and a low detection limit, as well as a high specificity for PfLDH compared to analogous proteins. The specific feasibility of the aptasensor is further demonstrated by detection of the target PfLDH in human serum. Furthermore, the aptasensor can be easily regenerated and thus applied for multiple usages. The robustness, sensitivity, and reusability of the presented aptasensor make it a promising candidate for point-of-care diagnostic systems. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.07.117 SN - 0925-4005 VL - 255 IS - P1 SP - 235 EP - 243 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Finger, Felix A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Bil, Cees T1 - Impact of electric propulsion technology and mission requirements on the performance of VTOL UAVs JF - CEAS Aeronautical Journal N2 - One of the engineering challenges in aviation is the design of transitioning vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft. Thrust-borne flight implies a higher mass fraction of the propulsion system, as well as much increased energy consumption in the take-off and landing phases. This mass increase is typically higher for aircraft with a separate lift propulsion system than for aircraft that use the cruise propulsion system to support a dedicated lift system. However, for a cost–benefit trade study, it is necessary to quantify the impact the VTOL requirement and propulsion configuration has on aircraft mass and size. For this reason, sizing studies are conducted. This paper explores the impact of considering a supplemental electric propulsion system for achieving hovering flight. Key variables in this study, apart from the lift system configuration, are the rotor disk loading and hover flight time, as well as the electrical systems technology level for both batteries and motors. Payload and endurance are typically used as the measures of merit for unmanned aircraft that carry electro-optical sensors, and therefore the analysis focuses on these particular parameters. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-018-0352-x SN - 1869-5582 print SN - 1869-5590 online VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 843 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fissabre, Anke T1 - Die Relevanz der historischen Bauforschung für neue Impulse in Stadtplanung und Architektur. Das Beispiel der Chiesa della SS. Maria Incoronata und des Servitenklosters in Sabbioneta. JF - archimaera N2 - Durch die Bauforschung im Rahmen des mehrjährigen Projektes "Die Hochkorridore von Sabbioneta" konnten der Verlauf und viele Anschlüsse der hochliegenden Gänge an bestehende Bauten weitgehend geklärt werden. Im Bereich der Chiesa della SS. Maria Incoronata und des angrenzenden Servitenklosters führten die Bauuntersuchungen zu völlig neuen Erkenntnissen über den ehemaligen Verlauf des Hochkorridors und damit zu einer Neuinterpretation des baulichen Ensembles sowie seiner Bedeutung für die Idealstadt. Aus dieser historischen Umdeutung entstanden Ideen für die Umnutzung des ehemaligen Servitenklosters und seiner angrenzenden Freiflächen, die im Rahmen von studentischen Entwürfen am Lehrstuhl für Baugeschichte und Denkmalpflege in Kooperation mit dem Lehrstuhl für Landschaftsarchitektur der RWTH Aachen weiterentwickelt wurden. Somit stellten sich Befunde einer historisch orientierten Bauforschung mit übergeordneter Fragestellung als neue Impulsgeber für Stadtplanung, Architektur und Denkmalpflege heraus. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0009-21-47067 SN - 1865-7001 IS - Nr. 7, Juli 2018 SP - 99 EP - 105 PB - Archimaera CY - Aachen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fissabre, Anke A1 - Wilson, Ariane T1 - Der Turm mit zehn Spornen – Ein in Monthoiron gebauter Entwurf von Leonardo Da Vinci? JF - In situ: Zeitschrift für Architekturgeschichte Y1 - 2018 SN - 1866-959X N1 - gedruckt in der Bereichsbibliothek Bayernallee vorhanden. Signatur 13 Z 959-2018 IS - 1 SP - 65 EP - 82 PB - Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft CY - Worms ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franzen, Julius A1 - Pinders, Erik A1 - Pfaff, Raphael A1 - Enning, Manfred T1 - RailCrowd’s virtual fleets: Make most of your asset data JF - Deine Bahn N2 - For smaller railway operators or those with a diverse fleet, it can be difficult to collect sufficient data to improve maintenance programs. At the same time, new rules such as entity in charge of maintenance – ECM – regulations impose an additional workload by requiring a dedicated maintenance management system and specific reports. The RailCrowd platform sets out to facilitate compliance with ECM and similar regulations while at the same time pooling anonymised fleet data across operators to form virtual fleets, providing greater data insights. Y1 - 2018 SN - 0948-7263 IS - 9 SP - 11 EP - 13 PB - Bahn-Fachverlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Beckmann, Nils A1 - Keinz, Jan A1 - Abanteriba, Sylvester T1 - Comparison of Numerical Combustion Models for Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Applied for Dry-Low-Nox-Micromix-Combustion JF - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power N2 - The Dry-Low-NOx (DLN) Micromix combustion technology has been developed as low emission combustion principle for industrial gas turbines fueled with hydrogen or syngas. The combustion process is based on the phenomenon of jet-in-crossflow-mixing (JICF). Fuel is injected perpendicular into the air-cross-flow and burned in a multitude of miniaturized, diffusion-like flames. The miniaturization of the flames leads to a significant reduction of NOx emissions due to the very short residence time of reactants in the flame. In the Micromix research approach, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses are validated toward experimental results. The combination of numerical and experimental methods allows an efficient design and optimization of DLN Micromix combustors concerning combustion stability and low NOx emissions. The paper presents a comparison of several numerical combustion models for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas. They differ in the complexity of the underlying reaction mechanism and the associated computational effort. The performance of a hybrid eddy-break-up (EBU) model with a one-step global reaction is compared to a complex chemistry model and a flamelet generated manifolds (FGM) model, both using detailed reaction schemes for hydrogen or syngas combustion. Validation of numerical results is based on exhaust gas compositions available from experimental investigation on DLN Micromix combustors. The conducted evaluation confirms that the applied detailed combustion mechanisms are able to predict the general physics of the DLN-Micromix combustion process accurately. The FGM method proved to be generally suitable to reduce the computational effort while maintaining the accuracy of detailed chemistry. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4038882 SN - 0742-4795 N1 - Article number 081504; Paper No: GTP-17-1567 VL - 140 IS - 8 PB - ASME CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golland, Alexander T1 - Das neue kirchliche Datenschutzrecht – Herausforderungen für Unternehmen der Privatwirtschaft JF - DSB Datenschutz-Berater Y1 - 2018 SN - 0170-7256 VL - 42 IS - 9 SP - 179 EP - 181 PB - dfv Mediengruppe CY - Frankfurt a.M. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golland, Alexander T1 - Gemeinsame Verantwortlichkeit in mehrstufigen Verarbeitungsszenarien N2 - Die Rechtsfigur der gemeinsamen Verantwortlichkeit beschäftigt die datenschutzrechtliche Literatur seit Langem. Die Bestimmung der Verantwortlichkeit bei arbeitsteiligen Verarbeitungsverfahren, welche vor allem bei heutigen Plattformdiensten üblich sind, ist komplex: Stets sind mehrere Akteure beteiligt und in der Regel werden durch die Handlung eines Beteiligten mehrere Verarbeitungsschritte ausgelöst. Nun hat sich der EuGH in einem in mehrfacher Hinsicht bemerkenswerten Urteil geäußert. Y1 - 2018 SN - 1434-6354 N1 - Zugleich Kommentar zu EuGH, Urteil vom 5. 6. 2018 – C-210/16, K&R 2018, 475 ff. (in diesem Heft) VL - 21 IS - 7-8 SP - 433 EP - 438 PB - dfv Mediengruppe CY - Frankfurt a.M. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golland, Alexander T1 - Der räumliche Anwendungsbereich der DS-GVO JF - DuD Datenschutz und Datensicherheit N2 - Die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DS-GVO) regelt in ihrem Art. 3 das räumlich anwendbare Datenschutzrecht und zielt dabei gerade auch auf Angebote nichteuropäischer Diensteanbieter ab. Die bisherige Diskussion konzentriert sich bislang in erster Linie darauf, das eingeführte Marktortprinzip zu thematisieren; das weitgehend unangetastete Niederlassungsprinzip und vor allem die Probleme, die sich durch dessen unveränderte Beibehaltung ergeben, werden dagegen nicht erörtert. Der folgende Beitrag versucht sich an einer systematischen Analyse eines teils kontrovers, teils kaum diskutierten Themas. Y1 - 2018 SN - 1862-2607 VL - 42 IS - 6 SP - 351 EP - 357 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golland, Alexander T1 - Das Kopplungsverbot in der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung Anwendungsbereich, ökonomische Auswirkungen auf Web 2.0-Dienste und Lösungsvorschlag JF - MMR Multimedia und Recht N2 - Das Kopplungsverbot fristete – obwohl in rechtswissenschaftlicher Literatur seit jeher diskutiert – unter der Geltung des BDSG ein Schattendasein. Mit der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DS-GVO) ist eine Änderung absehbar: Der neue Art. EWG_DSGVO Artikel 7 Abs. EWG_DSGVO Artikel 7 Absatz 4 DS-GVO stellt klar, dass die Leistungserbringung nicht von der Einwilligungserteilung abhängig gemacht werden darf. Doch dieses scheinbare Novum des Datenschutzrechts wirft zahlreiche Fragen auf. Während vor allem Vertreter der unternehmerischen Praxis die Anwendung des Kopplungsverbots in zahlreichen Konstellationen ablehnen, beschwören dessen Apologeten das Ende sämtlicher „datenfinanzierten“ Dienste herauf. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt Einblick in die Regelungstiefe einer Norm, die das Web 2.0 revolutionieren könnte, und schlägt eine Lösung vor, die dem Schutz der Privatsphäre des Betroffenen und den wirtschaftlichen Interessen von Diensteanbietern gleichermaßen gerecht wird. Y1 - 2018 SN - 1434-596X VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 130 EP - 135 PB - Beck CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golland, Alexander T1 - Umsetzung der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung – Neue Herausforderungen für Unternehmen JF - NWB Rechnungswesen - BBK N2 - Nach einem intensiven politischen Diskurs wurde im vergangenen Jahr die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO) verabschiedet. Die DSGVO ersetzt zum 25.5.2018 die bislang geltende, aus dem Jahre 1995 stammende Datenschutz-Richtlinie 95/46/EG. Die Novellierung des Datenschutzrechts bringt zahlreiche neue Anforderungen mit sich. Unternehmen sind daher gezwungen, sich auf die Änderungen einzustellen, ihre datenschutzrelevanten Prozesse im Hinblick auf die neuen Anforderungen zu überprüfen und bis zum Mai 2018 an der DSGVO auszurichten. Der Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die zentralen Aspekte der Datenschutzreform und die damit einhergehenden Herausforderungen für Unternehmen. Y1 - 2018 SN - 0340-9848 IS - 1 SP - 35 EP - 39 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Götten, Falk A1 - Finger, Felix A1 - Havermann, Marc A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Gomez, Francisco A1 - Bill, C. T1 - On the flight performance impact of landing gear drag reduction methods for unmanned air vehicles JF - Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2018 N2 - The flight performance impact of three different landing gear configurations on a small, fixed-wing UAV is analyzed with a combination of RANS CFD calculations and an incremental flight performance algorithm. A standard fixed landing gear configuration is taken as a baseline, while the influence of retracting the landing gear or applying streamlined fairings is investigated. A retraction leads to a significant parasite drag reduction, while also fairings promise large savings. The increase in lift-to-drag ratio is reduced at high lift coefficients due to the influence of induced drag. All configurations are tested on three different design missions with an incremental flight performance algorithm. A trade-off study is performed using the retracted or faired landing gear's weight increase as a variable. The analysis reveals only small mission performance gains as the aerodynamic improvements are negated by weight penalties. A new workflow for decision-making is presented that allows to estimate if a change in landing gear configuration is beneficial for a small UAV. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.25967/480058 PB - DGLR CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinke, Lars N. A1 - Knicker, Axel J. A1 - Albracht, Kirsten T1 - Evaluation of passively induced shoulder stretch reflex using an isokinetic dynamometer in male overhead athletes JF - Isokinetics and Exercise Science N2 - BACKGROUND: Muscle stretch reflexes are widely considered to beneficially influence joint stability and power generation in the lower limbs. While in the upper limbs and especially in the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint such evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the electromyographical response in the muscles crossing the shoulder of specifically trained overhead athletes to an anterior perturbation force. METHODS: Twenty healthy male participants performed six sets of different external shoulder rotation stretches on an isokinetic dynamometer over a range of amplitudes and muscle pre-activation moment levels. All stretches were applied with a dynamometer acceleration of 10,000∘/s2 and a velocity of 150∘/s. Electromyographical response was measured via sEMG. RESULTS: Consistent reflexes were not observed in all experimental conditions. The reflex latencies revealed a significant muscle main effect (F (2,228) = 99.31, p< 0.001; η2= 0.466; f= 0.934) and a pre-activation main effect (F (1,228) = 142.21, p< 0.001; η2= 0.384; f= 1.418). The stretch reflex amplitude yielded a significant pre-activation main effect (F (1,222) = 470.373, p< 0.001; η2= 0.679; f= 1.454). CONCLUSION: Short latency muscle reflexes showed a tendency to an anterior to posterior muscle recruitment whereby the main internal rotator muscles of the shoulder revealed the most consistent results. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/IES-184111 SN - 1878-5913 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 265 EP - 274 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER -