TY - CHAP A1 - Gerhards, Michael A1 - Sander, Volker A1 - Belloum, Adam ED - Zimmermann, Wolf ED - Lee, Yong Woo ED - Demchenko, Yuri T1 - About the flexible Migration of Workflow Tasks to Clouds : Combining on- and off-premise Executions of Applications T2 - CLOUD COMPUTING 2012 : The Third International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization ; July 22-27, 2012 - Nice, France N2 - An increasing number of applications target their executions on specific hardware like general purpose Graphics Processing Units. Some Cloud Computing providers offer this specific hardware so that organizations can rent such resources. However, outsourcing the whole application to the Cloud causes avoidable costs if only some parts of the application benefit from the specific expensive hardware. A partial execution of applications in the Cloud is a tradeoff between costs and efficiency. This paper addresses the demand for a consistent framework that allows for a mixture of on- and off-premise calculations by migrating only specific parts to a Cloud. It uses the concept of workflows to present how individual workflow tasks can be migrated to the Cloud whereas the remaining tasks are executed on-premise. KW - Workflow Orchestration KW - Workflow KW - Grid Computing KW - Cloud Service Broker KW - Cloud Computing Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-61208-216-5 SP - 82 EP - 87 PB - IARIA Journals ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin A1 - Lanzl, Ines M. A1 - Hanssen, Henner A1 - Eberhardt, Karla A1 - Vilser, Walthard A1 - Halle, Martin A1 - Heemann, Uwe A1 - Schmidt-Trucksäss, Arno A1 - Baumann, Marcus T1 - Does increased blood pressure rather than aging influence retinal pulse wave velocity? JF - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, IOVS N2 - Purpose: It was demonstrated previously that retinal pulse wave velocity (rPWV) as a measure of retinal arterial stiffness is increased in aged anamnestically healthy volunteers compared with young healthy subjects. Using novel methodology of rPWV assessment this finding was confirmed and investigated whether it might relate to the increased blood pressure usually accompanying the aging process, rather than to the aging itself. Methods: A total of 12 young 25.5-year-old (24.0–28.8) [median(1st quartile–3rd quartile)] and 12 senior 68.5-year-old (63.8–71.8) anamnestically healthy volunteers; and 12 senior 63.0-year-old (60.8–65.0) validated healthy volunteers and 12 young 33.0-year-old (29.5–35.0) hypertensive patients were examined. Time-dependent alterations of vessel diameter were assessed by the Dynamic Vessel Analyzer in a retinal artery of each subject. The data were filtered and processed using mathematical signal analysis and rPWVs were calculated. Results: rPWV amounted to 1200 (990-1470) RU (relative units)/s in the hypertensive group and to 1040 (700-2230) RU/s in anamnestically healthy seniors. These differed significantly from rPWVs in young healthy group (410 [280–500] RU/s) and in validated healthy seniors (400 [320–510] RU/s). rPWV associated with age and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the pooled cohort excluded validated healthy seniors. In a regression model these associations remain when alternately adjusted for MAP and age. When including validated healthy seniors in the pooled cohort only association with MAP remains. Conclusions: Both aging (with not excluded cardiovascular risk factors) and mild hypertension are associated with elevated rPWV. rPWV increases to a similar extent both in young mildly hypertensive subjects and in aged anamnestically healthy persons. Healthy aging is not associated with increased rPWV. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-8815 SN - 0146-0404 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 2119 EP - 2126 PB - ARVO CY - Rockville, Md. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bohrn, U. A1 - Stütz, E. A1 - Fuchs, K. A1 - Fleischer, M. A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Wagner, P. T1 - Monitoring of irritant gas using a whole-cell-based sensor system JF - Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical N2 - Cell-based sensors for the detection of gases have long been underrepresented, due to the cellular requirement of being cultured in a liquid environment. In this work we established a cell-based gas biosensor for the detection of toxic substances in air, by adapting a commercial sensor chip (Bionas®), previously used for the measurement of pollutants in liquids. Cells of the respiratory tract (A549, RPMI 2650, V79), which survive at a gas phase in a natural context, are used as biological receptors. The physiological cell parameters acidification, respiration and morphology are continuously monitored in parallel. Ammonia was used as a highly water-soluble model gas to test the feasibility of the sensor system. Infrared measurements confirmed the sufficiency of the medium draining method. This sensor system provides a basis for many sensor applications such as environmental monitoring, building technology and public security. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.05.088 SN - 0925-4005 VL - 175 SP - 208 EP - 217 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Frederik A1 - Groebel, Simone A1 - Krumbe, Christoph A1 - Wagner, Torsten A1 - Selmer, Thorsten A1 - Yoshinobu, Tatsuo A1 - Baumann, Marcus A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Nutrient concentration-sensitive microorganism-based biosensor JF - Physica Status Solidi (a) Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201100801 SN - 1862-6319 VL - 209 IS - 5 SP - 900 EP - 904 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirchner, Patrick A1 - Reisert, Steffen A1 - Pütz, Patrick A1 - Keusgen, Michael A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Characterisation of polymeric materials as passivation layer for calorimetric H2O2 gas sensors JF - Physica Status Solidi (a) N2 - Calorimetric gas sensors for monitoring the H₂O₂ concentration at elevated temperatures in industrial sterilisation processes have been presented in previous works. These sensors are built up in form of a differential set-up of a catalytically active and passive temperature-sensitive structure. Although, various types of catalytically active dispersions have been studied, the passivation layer has to be established and therefore, chemically as well as physically characterised. In the present work, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoralkoxy (PFA) and epoxy-based SU-8 photoresist as temperature-stable polymeric materials have been investigated for sensor passivation in terms of their chemical inertness against H₂O₂, their hygroscopic properties as well as their morphology. The polymeric materials were deposited via spin-coating on the temperature-sensitive structure, wherein spin-coated FEP and PFA show slight agglomerates. However, they possess a low absorption of humidity due to their hydrophobic surface, whereas the SU-8 layer has a closed surface but shows a slightly higher absorption of water. All of them were inert against gaseous H₂O₂ during the characterisation in H₂O₂ atmosphere that demonstrates their suitability as passivation layer for calorimetric H₂O₂ gas sensors. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201100773 SN - 1862-6319 VL - 209 IS - 5 SP - 859 EP - 863 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hüning, Felix T1 - Using Trench PowerMOSFETs in Linear Mode JF - Power Electronics Europe (2012) N2 - If we think about applications for modern Power MOSFETs using trench technology, running them in linear mode may not be top of the priority list. Yet there are multiple uses for Trench Power MOSFETs in linear mode. In fact, even turning the device on and off in switching applications is a form of linear operation. Also, these components can be run in linear mode to protect the device against voltage surges. This article will illustrate the factors that need to be considered for linear operation and show how Trench Power MOSFETs are suited to it. Y1 - 2012 SN - 1748-3530 SP - 27 EP - 29 PB - DFA Media CY - Tonbridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engels, Elmar A1 - Schnabel, Holger T1 - Rapid-control-prototyping of industrial drives for the sercos automation bus T2 - 13th International Workshop on Mechatronics (MECATRONICS), 2012 9th France-Japan & 7th Europe-Asia Congress on and Research and Education in Mechatronics (REM) N2 - This article describes the functionality of a MATLAB® library that can be used to develop motion-logic applications in MATLAB programming language for industrial drive and control systems using the well known sercos automation bus. Therewith MATLAB's functionality is extended to designing automation applications from single axis machines up to multi-kinematic robots. KW - MATLAB , MLPI , Motion control , Open Core , industrial drives , rapid control prototypin , sercos automation bus Y1 - 2012 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MECATRONICS.2012.6451005 SN - 978-1-4673-4771-6 SP - 177 EP - 181 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reisgen, Uwe A1 - Schleser, Markus A1 - Schoene, Jens A1 - Hegger, Josef A1 - Gallwoszus, Jörg A1 - Feldmann, Markus A1 - Kopp, Maik A1 - Gündel, Max ED - Cairns, John W. T1 - Investigation on bond mechanisms of innovative small-scale shear connectors between steel and concrete T2 - Bond in concrete 2012. Vol. 2. Bond in new materials and under severe conditions Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-88-907078-3-4 SP - 893 EP - 898 PB - Publisher creations CY - Manerbio, Brescia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reisgen, Uwe A1 - Schleser, Markus A1 - Mokrov, Oleg A1 - Ahmed, Essam T1 - Statistical modeling of laser welding of DP/TRIP steel sheets JF - Optics and laser technology N2 - In this research work, a statistical analysis of the CO2 laser beam welding of dual phase (DP600)/transformation induced plasticity (TRIP700) steel sheets was done using response surface methodology. The analysis considered the effect of laser power (2–2.2 kW), welding speed (40–50 mm/s) and focus position (−1 to 0 mm) on the heat input, the weld bead geometry, uniaxial tensile strength, formability limited dome height and welding operation cost. The experimental design was based on Box–Behnken design using linear and quadratic polynomial equations for predicting the mathematical models. The results indicate that the proposed models predict the responses adequately within the limits of welding parameters being used and the welding speed is the most significant parameter during the welding process. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2011.05.025 SN - 1879-2545 (E-Journal); 0030-3992 (Print); 0308-4280 (Print) VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 92 EP - 101 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reisgen, Uwe A1 - Schleser, Markus A1 - Mokrov, Oleg A1 - Ahmed, Essam T1 - Optimization of laser welding of DP/TRIP steel sheets using statistical approach JF - Optics and laser technology N2 - Generally, the quality of a weld joint is directly influenced by the welding input parameter settings. Selection of proper process parameters is important to obtain the desired weld bead profile and quality. In this research work, numerical and graphical optimization techniques of the CO2 laser beam welding of dual phase (DP600)/transformation induced plasticity (TRIP700) steel sheets were carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design. The procedure was established to improve the weld quality, increase the productivity and minimize the total operation cost by considering the welding parameters range of laser power (2–2.2 kW), welding speed (40–50 mm/s) and focus position (−1 to 0 mm). It was found that, RSM can be considered as a powerful tool in experimental welding optimization, even when the experimenter does not have a model for the process. Strong, efficient and low cost weld joints could be achieved using the optimum welding conditions. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2011.06.028 SN - 1879-2545 (E-Journal); 0030-3992 (Print); 0308-4280 (Print) VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 255 EP - 262 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reisgen, Uwe A1 - Olschok, Simon A1 - Jakobs, Stefan A1 - Schleser, Markus A1 - Mokrov, Oleg A1 - Rossiter, Eduardo T1 - Laser beam submerged arc hybrid welding JF - Physics procedia N2 - The laser beam-submerged arc hybrid welding method originates from the knowledge that, with increasing penetration depth, the laser beam process has a tendency to pore formation in the lower weld regions. The coupling with the energy-efficient submerged-arc process improves degassing and reduces the tendency to pore formation. The high deposition rate of the SA process in combination with the laser beam process offers, providing the appropriate choice of weld preparation, the possibility of welding plates with a thickness larger than 20° mm in a single pass, and also of welding thicker plates with the double-sided single pass technique. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.10.016 SN - 1875-3892 N1 - Part of special issue "Laser assisted net shape engineering 7 (LANE 2012)" VL - 39 SP - 75 EP - 83 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reisgen, Uwe A1 - Schleser, Markus A1 - Abdurakhmanov, Aydemir A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey T1 - Measuring of plasma properties induced by non-vacuum electron beam welding JF - Physics of plasma N2 - Electron beam plasma measurement was realised by means of DIABEAM system invented by ISF RWTH Aachen. The Langmuir probe method is used for measurement. The relative simplicity of the method and the possibility of dispersion of high power on the probe allow its application for the investigation of high-power electron beams. The key element of the method is a rotating thin tungsten wire, which intersects the beam transversely on its axis and collects part of the current by itself. The signals, which are registered in the DIABEAM as a voltage, were taken in the form of amplitude. The conversion of the probe current into the distribution along the beam radius was realised using the Abel’s method. A voltage-current characteristic was built for the beam current. The local electron density as well as the electron temperature, the floating potential and the plasma potential were measured and calculated by means of this characteristic. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3675874 SN - 1089-7674 (E-Journal); 1070-664X (Print) VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - AIP Publishing CY - Melville, NY ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Quadflieg, Till A1 - Schoene, Jens A1 - Schleser, Markus A1 - Jockenhövel, Stefan A1 - Reisgen, Uwe A1 - Gries, Thomas ED - Heslehurst, Rikard Benton T1 - Shear connectors for hybrid joints of metal and FRP T2 - Diversity in composites : conference proceedings : Composites Australia and CRC-ACS 2012 conference Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-0-9873285-0-2 SP - [152] EP - [160] PB - Composites Australia CY - Hawthorne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reisgen, Uwe A1 - Schleser, Markus A1 - Mokrov, Oleg A1 - Zabirov, Alexander A1 - Füssel, Uwe A1 - Schnick, Michael A1 - Hertel, Martin A1 - Jaeckel, Sebastian T1 - Modelling and visualisation of the GMA process JF - Welding and Cutting Y1 - 2012 SN - 1612-3433 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 242 EP - 249 PB - DVS Verlag CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reisgen, Uwe A1 - Schleser, Markus A1 - Abdurakhmanov, Aydemir A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrej T1 - Application of electron beam welding to fabrication of steel-aluminium dissimilar joint T2 - Beam technologies & laser application : proceedings of the VII international conference, Saint Petersburg, Sept. 18-21, 2012 Y1 - 2012 SP - 265 EP - 279 PB - Publ. House CY - Saint Petersburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reisgen, Uwe A1 - Schleser, Markus A1 - Abdurakhmanov, Aydemir A1 - Turichin, Gleb A1 - Valdaitseva, Elena A1 - Bach, Friedrich-Wilhelm A1 - Hassel, Thomas A1 - Beniyashi, Alexander T1 - Investigation of factors influencing the formation of weld defects in non-vacuum electron beam welding JF - The Paton welding journal N2 - The influence of welding condition parameters and properties of material on formation of defects, such as humping and undercuts, in non-vacuum electron beam welding was investigated. The influence of separate welding parameters on the quality of welds was determined. Y1 - 2012 SN - 0957-798X VL - 2012 IS - 2 SP - 11 EP - 18 PB - Paton Publishing House CY - Kiev ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Feldmann, Markus A1 - Pyschny, D. A1 - Döring, Bernd A1 - Kuhnhenne, Markus T1 - Life cycle assessment of steel constructions T2 - Life-cycle and sustainability of civil infrastructure systems : proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE'12) : Vienna, Austria, October 3-6, 2012 Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-0-203-10336-4 SP - 321 PB - Taylor and Francis CY - Hoboken ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kuhnhenne, Markus A1 - Döring, Bernd A1 - Pyschny, Dominik A1 - Feldmann, Markus T1 - Energy efficient sandwich construction T2 - Proceedings of the VI International Congress on Architectural Envelopes : 20.6. - 22.6.2012, San Sebastian, Spain Y1 - 2012 SP - 277 EP - 285 PB - ICAE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hötter, Jan-Steffen A1 - Fateri, Miranda A1 - Gebhardt, Andreas T1 - Selective laser melting of metals: desktop machines open up new chances even for small companies JF - Advanced materials research N2 - Additive manufacturing (AM) of metal parts by using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) has become a powerful tool mostly in the area of automotive, aerospace engineering and others. Especially in the field of dentistry, jewelry and related branches that require individualized or even one-of-a-kind products, the direct digital manufacturing process opens up new ways of design and manufacturing. In these fields, mostly small and medium sized businesses (SME) are operating which do not have sufficient human and economic resources to invest in this technology. But to stay competitive, the application of AM can be regarded as a necessity. In this situation a new desktop machine (Realizer SLM 50) was introduced that cost about 1/3 of a shop floor SLM machine and promises small quality parts. To find out whether the machine really is an alternative for SMEs the University of Applied Science, Aachen, Germany, designed, build and optimized typical parts from the dentistry and the jewelry branches using CoCr and silver material, the latter being new with this application. The paper describes the SLM procedure and how to find and optimize the most important parameters. The test is accompanied by digital simulation in order to verify the build parameters and to plan future builds. The procedure is shown as well as the resulting parts made from CoCr and silver material. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.622-623.461 SN - 1662-8985 (E-Journal); 1022-6680 (Print) VL - 622-623 SP - 461 EP - 465 PB - Trans Tech Publ. CY - Baech ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boettcher, Martin A1 - Haselhuhn, Angelika A1 - Jakse, Gerhard A1 - Brehmer, Bernhard A1 - Kirschner-Hermanns, Ruth T1 - Overactive bladder syndrome: an underestimated long-term problem after treatment of patients with localized prostate cancer? JF - BJU international N2 - In this study we observed courses of micturition symptoms and differentiated degrees of symptoms for each point in time while also considering the impact of bothersomeness. Our data show that not only significantly more patients who have undergone BT suffer from OAB than those who have undergone RP, but also that those affected show significantly higher values for severity of OAB symptoms throughout the whole observation period of 36 months. Our data analysis further shows that variability of OAB symptoms as well as fluctuation of severity of OAB symptoms vary to a significantly higher degree after BT than after RP. Looking only at mean figures at a given point in time clearly underestimates the underlying problem. This fact is not reflected in the literature. KW - quality of life KW - prostate cancer KW - prostatectomy KW - incontinence KW - brachytherapy Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10623.x SN - 1365-2176 (E-Journal); 1464-410X (E-Journal); 0007-1331 (Print); 1464-4096 (Print) VL - 109 IS - 12 SP - 1824 EP - 1830 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ribitsch, D. A1 - Heumann, S. A1 - Karl, W. A1 - Gerlach, J. A1 - Leber, R. A1 - Birner-Gruenberger, R. A1 - Gruber, K. A1 - Eiteljoerg, I. A1 - Remler, P. A1 - Siegert, Petra A1 - Lange, J. A1 - Maurer, Karl-Heinz A1 - Berg, G. A1 - Guebitz, G. M. A1 - Schwab, H. T1 - Extracellular serine proteases from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Screening, isolation and heterologous expression in E. coli JF - Journal of biotechnology N2 - A large strain collection comprising antagonistic bacteria was screened for novel detergent proteases. Several strains displayed protease activity on agar plates containing skim milk but were inactive in liquid media. Encapsulation of cells in alginate beads induced protease production. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia emerged as best performer under washing conditions. For identification of wash-active proteases, four extracellular serine proteases called StmPr1, StmPr2, StmPr3 and StmPr4 were cloned. StmPr2 and StmPr4 were sufficiently overexpressed in E. coli. Expression of StmPr1 and StmPr3 resulted in unprocessed, insoluble protein. Truncation of most of the C-terminal domain which has been identified by enzyme modeling succeeded in expression of soluble, active StmPr1 but failed in case of StmPr3. From laundry application tests StmPr2 turned out to be a highly wash-active protease at 45 °C. Specific activity of StmPr2 determined with suc-l-Ala-l-Ala-l-Pro-l-Phe-p-nitroanilide as the substrate was 17 ± 2 U/mg. In addition we determined the kinetic parameters and cleavage preferences of protease StmPr2. KW - Alginate beads KW - Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KW - Detergent protease Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.09.025 SN - 1873-4863 (E-Journal); 0168-1656 (Print) VL - 157 IS - 1 SP - 140 EP - 147 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmitz, Philipp A1 - Weber, Martin T1 - Buying and selling behavior of individual investors in option-like securities JF - Die Betriebswirtschaft : DBW N2 - We analyze the trading behavior of individual investors in option-like securities, namely bankissued warrants, and thus expand the growing literature of investors behavior to a new kind of securities. A unique data set from a large German discount broker gives us the opportunity to analyze the trading behavior of 1,454 investors, making 89,958 transactions in 6,724 warrants on 397 underlyings. In different logit regression, we make use of the facts that investors can speculate on rising and falling prices of the underlying with call and put warrants and that we also have information about the stock portfolios of the investors. We report several facts about the trading behavior of individual investors in warrants that are consistent with the literature on the behavior of individual investors in the stock market. The warrant investors buy calls and sell puts if the price of the underlying has decreased over the past trading days and they sell calls and buy puts if the price of the underlying has increased. That means, the investors follow negative feedback trading strategies in all four trading categories observed. In addition, we find strong evidence for the disposition effect for call as well as put warrants, which is reversed in December. The trading behavior is also influenced if the underlying reaches some exceptionally prices, e.g. highs, lows or the strike price. We show that hedging, as one natural candidate to buy puts, does not play an important role in the market for bank-issued warrants. KW - Bank-issued Warrants KW - Disposition Effect KW - Negative Feedback Trading KW - Trading Behavior KW - Individual Investors Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2055088 SN - 0342-7064 VL - 72 IS - 5 SP - 409 EP - 426 PB - Schäffer-Poeschel CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leidinger, Rafael A1 - Noisten, Thomas A1 - Wollert, Jörg T1 - Realtime automation networks in moVing industrial environments JF - Journal of systemics, cybernetics and informatics N2 - The radio-based wireless data communication has made the realization of new technical solutions possible in many fields of the automation technology (AT). For about ten years, a constant disproportionate growth of wireless technologies can be observed in the automation technology. However, it shows that especially for the AT, conventional technologies of office automation are unsuitable and/or not manageable. The employment of mobile services in the industrial automation technology has the potential of significant cost and time savings. This leads to an increased productivity in various fields of the AT, for example in the factory and process automation or in production logistics. In this paper technologies and solutions for an automation-suited supply of mobile wireless services will be introduced under the criteria of real time suitability, IT-security and service orientation. Emphasis will be put on the investigation and development of wireless convergence layers for different radio technologies, on the central provision of support services for an easy-to-use, central, backup enabled management of combined wired / wireless networks and on the study on integrability in a Profinet real-time Ethernet network. KW - PROFINET KW - Distributed Control Systems, KW - Industrial Automation Technology, KW - 802.15.4 KW - Bluetooth KW - Wireless Networks Y1 - 2012 SN - 1690-4532 VL - Vol. 10 IS - Iss. 2 SP - 52 EP - 56 PB - IIIC CY - Orlando ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wollert, Jörg T1 - The performance of UWB-communication in an industrial environment T2 - IEEE 1st International Symposium on Wireless Systems : (IDAACS-SWS) : Offenburg, 20-21 Sept. 2012 Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-4673-4678-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/IDAACS-SWS.2012.6377639 SP - 85 EP - 90 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mottaghy, Darius A1 - Dijkshoorn, Lydia T1 - Implementing an effective finite difference formulation for borehole heat exchangers into a heat and mass transport code JF - Renewable Energy N2 - We present an effective finite difference formulation for implementing and modeling multiple borehole heat exchangers (BHE) in the general 3-D coupled heat and flow transport code SHEMAT. The BHE with arbitrary length can be either coaxial or double U-shaped. It is particularly suitable for modeling deep BHEs which contain varying pipe diameters and materials. Usually, in numerical simulations, a fine discretization of the BHE assemblage is required, due to the large geometric aspect ratios involved. This yields large models and long simulation times. The approach avoids this problem by considering heat transport between fluid and the soil through pipes and grout via thermal resistances. Therefore, the simulation time can be significantly reduced. The coupling with SHEMAT is realized by introducing an effective heat generation. Due to this connection, it is possible to consider heterogeneous geological models, as well as the influence of groundwater flow. This is particularly interesting when studying the long term behavior of a single BHE or a BHE field. Heating and cooling loads can enter the model with an arbitrary interval, e.g. from hourly to monthly values. When dealing with large BHE fields, computing times can be further significantly reduced by focusing on the temperature field around the BHEs, without explicitly modeling inlet and outlet temperatures. This allows to determine the possible migration of cold and warm plumes due to groundwater flow, which is of particular importance in urban areas with a high BHE installation density. The model is validated against the existing BHE modeling codes EWS and EED. A comparison with monitoring data from a deep BHE in Switzerland shows a good agreement. Synthetic examples demonstrate the field of application of this model. KW - Borehole heat exchanger KW - Finite differences KW - Heat transport Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.02.013 SN - 0960-1481 VL - 45 SP - 59 EP - 71 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kern, Alexander A1 - Schelthoff, Christof A1 - Mathieu, Moritz T1 - Calculation of interception efficiencies for mesh-type air-terminations according to IEC 62305-3 using a dynamic electro-geometrical model T2 - International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) : 2 - 7 Sept. 2012, Vienna Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-4673-1896-9 (E-Book) ; 978-1-4673-1898-3 (Print) SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lo Piparo, G. B. A1 - Kern, Alexander A1 - Mazzetti, C. T1 - Some masterpoints about risk due to lightning T2 - International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) : 2 - 7 Sept. 2012, Vienna Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-4673-1896-9 (E-Book) ; 978-1-4673-1898-3 (Print) SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bohrn, Ulrich A1 - Mucha, Andreas A1 - Werner, Frederik A1 - Stütz, Evamaria A1 - Bäcker, Matthias A1 - Krumbe, Christoph A1 - Schienle, Meinrad A1 - Fleischer, Maximilian A1 - Wagner, Patrick A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Detection of toxic chromium species in water using cellbased sensor systems Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-9813484-2-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5162/IMCS2012/P2.1.14 SP - 1364 EP - 1367 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bohrn, Ulrich A1 - Stütz, Evamaria A1 - Fleischer, Maximilian A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Wagner, Patrick T1 - Living cell-based gas sensor system for the detection of acetone in air Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-9813484-2-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5162/IMCS2012/3.2.3 SP - 269 EP - 272 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Takenaga, Shoko A1 - Werner, Frederik A1 - Sawada, Kazuaki A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Comparison of label-free ACh image sensors based on CCD and LAPS Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-9813484-2-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5162/IMCS2012/4.2.6 SP - 356 EP - 359 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henken, F. E. A1 - Oosterhuis, K. A1 - Öhlschläger, Peter A1 - Bosch, L. A1 - Hooijberg, E. A1 - Haanen, J. B. A. G. A1 - Steenbergen, R. D. M. T1 - Preclinical safety evaluation of DNA vaccines encoding modified HPV16 E6 and E7 JF - Vaccine N2 - Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) can result in the formation of anogenital cancers. As hrHPV proteins E6 and E7 are required for cancer initiation and maintenance, they are ideal targets for immunotherapeutic interventions. Previously, we have described the development of DNA vaccines for the induction of HPV16 E6 and E7 specific T cell immunity. These vaccines consist of ‘gene-shuffled’ (SH) versions of HPV16 E6 and E7 that were fused to Tetanus Toxin Fragment C domain 1 (TTFC) and were named TTFC-E6SH and TTFC-E7SH. Gene-shuffling was performed to avoid the risk of inducing malignant transformation at the vaccination site. Here, we describe the preclinical safety evaluation of these candidate vaccines by analysis of their transforming capacity in vitro using established murine fibroblasts (NIH 3T3 cells) and primary human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs). We demonstrate that neither ectopic expression of TTFC-E6SH and TTFC-E7SH alone or in combination enabled NIH 3T3 cells to form colonies in soft agar. In contrast, expression of HPV16 E6WT and E7WT alone or in combination resulted in effective transformation. Similarly, retroviral transduction of HFKs from three independent donors with both TTFC-E6SH and TTFC-E7SH alone or in combination did not show any signs of immortalization. In contrast, the combined expression of E6WT and E7WT induced immortalization in HFKs from all donors. Based on these results we consider it justified to proceed to clinical evaluation of DNA vaccines encoding TTFC-E6SH and TTFC-E7SH in patients with HPV16 associated (pre)malignancies. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.013 SN - 0264-410X VL - 30 IS - 28 SP - 4259 EP - 4266 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Immel, Timo A1 - Grützke, Martin A1 - Späte, Anne-Katrin A1 - Groth, Ulrich A1 - Öhlschläger, Peter A1 - Huhn, Thomas T1 - Synthesis and X-ray structure analysis of a heptacoordinate titanium(IV)-bis-chelate with enhanced in vivo antitumor efficacy JF - Chemical Communications N2 - Chelate stabilization of a titanium(IV)–salan alkoxide by ligand exchange with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (dipic) resulted in heptacoordinate complex 3 which is not redox-active, stable on silica gel and has increased aqueous stability. 3 is highly toxic in HeLa S3 and Hep G2 and has enhanced antitumor efficacy in a mouse cervical-cancer model. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CC31624B SN - 1364-548X VL - 48 IS - 46 SP - 5790 EP - 5792 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bung, Daniel Bernhard T1 - Sensitivity of phase detection techniques in aerated chute flows to hydraulic design parameters T2 - 2nd European IAHR congress : 27. - 29. June 2012, München Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-943683-03-5 SP - Artikelkennnummer: B15 PB - Lehrstuhl u. Versuchsanst. für Wasserbau u. Wasserwirtschaft d. TU München CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fricke, Barbara A1 - Ziolko, C. A1 - Anthrakidis, Anette A1 - Alexopoulos, Spiros A1 - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard A1 - Giese, F. A1 - Dillig, M. T1 - InnoSol - environmental aspects of the open volumetric receiver technology T2 - 30th ISES Biennial Solar World Congress 2011 : : Kassel, Germany, 28 August - 2 September 2011. Vol. 5 Y1 - 2012 SP - 3895 EP - 3900 PB - Curran CY - Red Hook, NY ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Inferring complex networks from time series of dynamical systems: Pitfalls, misinterpretations, and possible solutions Y1 - 2012 N1 - Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Diss., 2012 PB - Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sauerborn, Markus A1 - Klimek, J. A1 - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard A1 - Essen, H. A1 - Sieger, S. A1 - Biegel, G. A1 - Göttsche, Joachim A1 - Hilger, Patrick T1 - Eurosun 2012 : radar technology for heliostat posititon control T2 - Eurosun 2012 : Solar energy for a brighter future : conference proceedings : Rijeka, 18.-22.09.2012 Y1 - 2012 SP - ID 80 CY - Rijeka ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Duong, Minh Tuan A1 - Nguyen, Nhu Hunyh A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - Finite Element Implementation of a 3D Fung-type Model T2 - ESMC-2012 - 8th European Solid Mechanics Conference, Graz, Austria, July 9-13, 2012 Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-85125-223-1 PB - Verlag d. Technischen Universität Graz CY - Graz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ferrein, Alexander A1 - Steinbauer, Gerald A1 - Vassos, Stavros T1 - Action-Based Imperative Programming with YAGI N2 - Many tasks for autonomous agents or robots are best described by a specification of the environment and a specification of the available actions the agent or robot can perform. Combining such a specification with the possibility to imperatively program a robot or agent is what we call the actionbased imperative programming. One of the most successful such approaches is Golog. In this paper, we draft a proposal for a new robot programming language YAGI, which is based on the action-based imperative programming paradigm. Our goal is to design a small, portable stand-alone YAGI interpreter. We combine the benefits of a principled domain specification with a clean, small and simple programming language, which does not exploit any side-effects from the implementation language. We discuss general requirements of action-based programming languages and outline YAGI, our action-based language approach which particularly aims at embeddability. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Cognitive Robotics AAAI Technical Report WS-12-06 SP - 24 EP - 31 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Achenbach, Timm A1 - Geimer, Konstantin A1 - Lynen, Arthur A1 - Göttsche, Joachim A1 - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard T1 - Simulation of thermo-mechanical processes in open volumetric absorber modules T2 - SolarPaces 2012 : concentrating solar power and chemical energy systems : Sept. 11 - 14 2012, Marrakech, Marokko Y1 - 2012 SP - 1 EP - 8 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard A1 - Alexopoulos, Spiros A1 - Göttsche, Joachim A1 - Sauerborn, Markus T1 - High concentration solar collectors T2 - Comprehensive renewable energy / ed. Ali Sayigh. Vol. 3: Solar thermal systems: components and applications N2 - Solar thermal concentrated power is an emerging technology that provides clean electricity for the growing energy market. To the solar thermal concentrated power plant systems belong the parabolic trough, the Fresnel collector, the solar dish, and the central receiver system. For high-concentration solar collector systems, optical and thermal analysis is essential. There exist a number of measurement techniques and systems for the optical and thermal characterization of the efficiency of solar thermal concentrated systems. For each system, structure, components, and specific characteristics types are described. The chapter presents additionally an outline for the calculation of system performance and operation and maintenance topics. One main focus is set to the models of components and their construction details as well as different types on the market. In the later part of this chapter, different criteria for the choice of technology are analyzed in detail. KW - Central receiver system KW - Concentrated solar collector KW - Fresnel collector KW - Optical and thermal analysis KW - Solar concentration Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-0-08-087873-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-087872-0.00306-1 VL - 3 SP - 165 EP - 209 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kurulgan Demirci, Eylem A1 - Demirci, Taylan A1 - Linder, Peter A1 - Trzewik, Jürgen A1 - Gierkowski, Jessica Ricarda A1 - Gossmann, Matthias A1 - Kayser, Peter A1 - Porst, Dariusz A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Artmann, Gerhard A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül T1 - rhAPC reduces the endothelial cell permeability via a decrease of contractile tensions induced by endothelial cells JF - Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering N2 - All cells generate contractile tension. This strain is crucial for mechanically controlling the cell shape, function and survival. In this study, the CellDrum technology quantifying cell's (the cellular) mechanical tension on a pico-scale was used to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on human aortic endothelial cell (HAoEC) tension. The LPS effect during gram-negative sepsis on endothelial cells is cell contraction causing endothelium permeability increase. The aim was to finding out whether recombinant activated protein C (rhAPC) would reverse the endothelial cell response in an in-vitro sepsis model. In this study, the established in-vitro sepsis model was confirmed by interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels at the proteomic and genomic levels by ELISA, real time-PCR and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation by florescence staining. The thrombin cellular contraction effect on endothelial cells was used as a positive control when the CellDrum technology was applied. Additionally, the Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) mRNA expression level was checked by real time-PCR to support contractile tension results. According to contractile tension results, the mechanical predominance of actin stress fibers was a reason of the increased endothelial contractile tension leading to enhanced endothelium contractility and thus permeability enhancement. The originality of this data supports firstly the basic measurement principles of the CellDrum technology and secondly that rhAPC has a beneficial effect on sepsis influenced cellular tension. The technology presented here is promising for future high-throughput cellular tension analysis that will help identify pathological contractile tension responses of cells and prove further cell in-vitro models. KW - Cell permeability KW - Cellular force KW - Endothelial cells KW - Recombinant activated protein C KW - Lipopolysaccharide KW - Contractile tension KW - CellDrum Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.03.019 SN - 1347-4421 VL - 113 IS - 2 SP - 212 EP - 219 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rosemann, Michael A1 - Eggert, Mathias A1 - Voigt, Matthias A1 - Beverungen, Daniel T1 - Leveraging Social Network Data for Analytical CRM Strategies - The Introduction of Social BI. T2 - ECIS 2012 Proceedings Y1 - 2012 N1 - European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), 2012 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dachwald, Bernd A1 - Feldmann, Marco A1 - Espe, Clemens A1 - Plescher, Engelbert A1 - Konstantinidis, K. A1 - Forstner, R. T1 - Enceladus explorer - A maneuverable subsurface probe for autonomous navigation through deep ice T2 - 63rd International Astronautical Congress 2012, IAC 2012; Naples; Italy; 1 October 2012 through 5 October 2012. (Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC ; 3) Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-62276-979-7 SP - 1756 EP - 1766 PB - Curran CY - Red Hook, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oertel, Mario A1 - Bung, Daniel Bernhard T1 - Initial stage of two-dimensional dam-break waves: laboratory versus VOF JF - Journal of hydraulic research N2 - Since several decades, dam-break waves have been of main research interest. Mathematical approaches have been developed by analytical, physical and numerical models within the past 120 years. During the past 10 years, the number of research investigations has increased due to improved measurement techniques as well as significantly increased computer memories and performances. In this context, the present research deals with the initial stage of two-dimensional dam-break waves by comparing physical and numerical model results as well as analytical approaches. High-speed images and resulting particle image velocimetry calculations are thereby compared with the numerical volume-of-fluid (VOF) method, included in the commercial code FLOW-3D. Wave profiles and drag forces on placed obstacles are analysed in detail. Generally, a good agreement between the laboratory and VOF results is found. KW - VOF KW - PIV KW - physical model KW - numerical model KW - drag force KW - dam-break Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2011.639981 SN - 1814-2079 (E-Journal); 0022-1686 (Print) VL - 50 IS - 1 SP - 89 EP - 97 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nguyen, Nhu Huynh A1 - Duong, Minh Tuan A1 - Tran, Thanh Ngoc A1 - Pham, Phu Tinh A1 - Grottke, O. A1 - Tolba, R. A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - Influence of a freeze–thaw cycle on the stress–stretch curves of tissues of porcine abdominal organs JF - Journal of Biomechanics N2 - The paper investigates both fresh porcine spleen and liver and the possible decomposition of these organs under a freeze–thaw cycle. The effect of tissue preservation condition is an important factor which should be taken into account for protracted biomechanical tests. In this work, tension tests were conducted for a large number of tissue specimens from twenty pigs divided into two groups of 10. Concretely, the first group was tested in fresh state; the other one was tested after a freeze-thaw cycle which simulates the conservation conditions before biomechanical experiments. A modified Fung model for isotropic behavior was adopted for the curve fitting of each kind of tissues. Experimental results show strong effects of the realistic freeze–thaw cycle on the capsule of elastin-rich spleen but negligible effects on the liver which virtually contains no elastin. This different behavior could be explained by the autolysis of elastin by elastolytic enzymes during the warmer period after thawing. Realistic biomechanical properties of elastin-rich organs can only be expected if really fresh tissue is tested. The observations are supported by tests of intestines. KW - Autolysis KW - Decomposition KW - Freeze–thaw process KW - Spleen KW - Liver Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.07.008 SN - 1873-2380 VL - 45 IS - 14 SP - 2382 EP - 2386 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Trenz, Eva A1 - Lohmann, Philipp A1 - Frotscher, Ralf A1 - Klinge, Uwe A1 - Tabaza, Ruth A1 - Kirschner-Hermanns, Ruth T1 - New measurements to compare soft tissue anchoring systems in pelvic floor surgery JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials N2 - Suburethral slings as well as different meshes are widely used treating stress urinary incontinence and prolaps in women. With the development of MiniSlings and special meshes using less alloplastic material anchorage systems become more important to keep devices in place and to put some tension especially on the MiniSlings. To date, there are many different systems of MiniSlings of different companies on the market which differ in the structure of the used meshes and anchors. A new objective measurement method to compare different properties of MiniSling systems (mesh and anchor) is presented in this article. Ballistic gelatine acts as soft tissue surrogate. Significant differences in parameters like pull-out strength of anchors or shrinkage of meshes under loading conditions have been determined. The form and size of the anchors as well as the structural stability of the meshes are decisive for a proper integration. The tested anchorings sytems showed markedly different mechanical function at their respective load bearing capacity. As the stable fixation of the device in tissue is a prerequisite for a permanet reinforcement, the proposed test system permits further optimisation of anchor and mesh devices to improve the success of the surgical treatment Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.32654 SN - 1552-4981 VL - 100B IS - 4 SP - 924 EP - 933 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Novacek, V. A1 - Tran, Thanh Ngoc A1 - Klinge, U. A1 - Tolba, R. H. A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Bronson, D. G. A1 - Miesse, A. M. A1 - Whiffen, J. A1 - Turquier, F. T1 - Finite element modelling of stapled colorectal end-to-end anastomosis : Advantages of variable height stapler design JF - Journal of Biomechanics N2 - The impact of surgical staplers on tissues has been studied mostly in an empirical manner. In this paper, finite element method was used to clarify the mechanics of tissue stapling and associated phenomena. Various stapling modalities and several designs of circular staplers were investigated to evaluate the impact of the device on tissues and mechanical performance of the end-to-end colorectal anastomosis. Numerical simulations demonstrated that a single row of staples is not adequate to resist leakage due to non-linear buckling and opening of the tissue layers between two adjacent staples. Compared to the single staple row configuration, significant increase in stress experienced by the tissue at the inner staple rows was observed in two and three rows designs. On the other hand, adding second and/or third staple row had no effect on strain in the tissue inside the staples. Variable height design with higher staples in outer rows significantly reduced the stresses and strains in outer rows when compared to the same configuration with flat cartridge. KW - Variable height stapler design KW - Anastomotic leakage KW - Finite element modelling KW - End-to-end colorectal anastomosis KW - Surgical staplers Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.07.021 SN - 1873-2380 VL - 45 IS - 115 SP - 2693 EP - 2697 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bassam, Rasha A1 - Hescheler, Jürgen A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül A1 - Artmann, Gerhard A1 - Digel, Ilya T1 - Effects of spermine NONOate and ATP on the thermal stability of hemoglobin JF - BMC Biophysics N2 - Background Minor changes in protein structure induced by small organic and inorganic molecules can result in significant metabolic effects. The effects can be even more profound if the molecular players are chemically active and present in the cell in considerable amounts. The aim of our study was to investigate effects of a nitric oxide donor (spermine NONOate), ATP and sodium/potassium environment on the dynamics of thermal unfolding of human hemoglobin (Hb). The effect of these molecules was examined by means of circular dichroism spectrometry (CD) in the temperature range between 25°C and 70°C. The alpha-helical content of buffered hemoglobin samples (0.1 mg/ml) was estimated via ellipticity change measurements at a heating rate of 1°C/min. Results Major results were: 1) spermine NONOate persistently decreased the hemoglobin unfolding temperature T u irrespectively of the Na + /K + environment, 2) ATP instead increased the unfolding temperature by 3°C in both sodium-based and potassium-based buffers and 3) mutual effects of ATP and NO were strongly influenced by particular buffer ionic compositions. Moreover, the presence of potassium facilitated a partial unfolding of alpha-helical structures even at room temperature. Conclusion The obtained data might shed more light on molecular mechanisms and biophysics involved in the regulation of protein activity by small solutes in the cell. KW - Nitric Oxide Donor KW - NONOate KW - Circular Dichroism KW - Nitric Oxide Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-1682-5-16 SN - 2046-1682 VL - 5 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mansurov, Z. A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Biisenbaev, M. A1 - Savistkaya, I. A1 - Kistaubaeva, A. A1 - Akimbekov, Nuraly S. A1 - Zhubanova, A. T1 - Bio-composite material on the basis of carbonized rice husk in biomedicine and environmental applications JF - Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18321/ectj105 SN - 2522-4867 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 115 EP - 131 PB - Institute of Combustion Problems CY - Almaty ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheer, Nico A1 - Kapelyukh, Yury A1 - McEwan, Jillian A1 - Beuger, Vincent A1 - Stanley, Lesley A. A1 - Rode, Anja A1 - Wolf, C. Roland T1 - Modeling Human Cytochrome P450 2D6 Metabolism and Drug-drug Interaction by a Novel Panel of Knockout and Humanized Mouse Lines JF - Molecular Pharmacology N2 - The highly polymorphic human cytochrome P450 2D6 enzyme is involved in the metabolism of up to 25% of all marketed drugs and accounts for significant individual differences in response to CYP2D6 substrates. Because of the differences in the multiplicity and substrate specificity of CYP2D family members among species, it is difficult to predict pathways of human CYP2D6-dependent drug metabolism on the basis of animal studies. To create animal models that reflect the human situation more closely and that allow an in vivo assessment of the consequences of differential CYP2D6 drug metabolism, we have developed a novel straightforward approach to delete the entire murine Cyp2d gene cluster and replace it with allelic variants of human CYP2D6. By using this approach, we have generated mouse lines expressing the two frequent human protein isoforms CYP2D6.1 and CYP2D6.2 and an as yet undescribed variant of this enzyme, as well as a Cyp2d cluster knockout mouse. We demonstrate that the various transgenic mouse lines cover a wide spectrum of different human CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotypes. The novel humanization strategy described here provides a robust approach for the expression of different CYP2D6 allelic variants in transgenic mice and thus can help to evaluate potential CYP2D6-dependent interindividual differences in drug response in the context of personalized medicine. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.111.075192 SN - 1521-0111 VL - 81 IS - 1 SP - 63 EP - 72 PB - ASPET CY - Bethesda, Md. ER -