TY  - JOUR
A1  - Benkner, Thorsten
T1  - Wireless ATM - Broadband Mobile Radio Systems
JF  - Multiaccess, mobility and teletraffic for wireless communications. Workshop on Multiaccess, Mobility and Teletraffic for Wireless Communications <4, 1998, Washington, DC>
Y1  - 1999
N1  - Proceedings of the IEEE MMT'98, 21.-23. Oktober 1998, Washington D.C., USA
SP  - 155
EP  - 170
PB  - Kluwer
CY  - Boston [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Benkner, Thorsten
T1  - Optimum Transmission Power in High Capacity Umbrella Cell Systems
JF  - Multiaccess, mobility and teletraffic : advances in wireless networks ; [proceedings of the Third Workshop on Multiaccess, Mobility and Teletraffic for Personal Communications held in December 1997 in Melbourne, Australia] / ed. by David Everitt ...
Y1  - 1998
SN  - 0-7923-8091-6
N1  - Workshop on Multiaccess, Mobility and Teletraffic for Personal Communications <3, 1997, Melbourne>
SP  - 221
EP  - 232
PB  - Kluwer
CY  - Boston, Mass. [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kern, Alexander
T1  - Time dependent temperature distribution in metal sheets caused by direct lightning strikes
JF  - Proceedings / Sixth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : 28. August - 1. September, 1989, Westin Canal Place Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
Y1  - 1989
N1  - International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering <6, 1989, New Orleans, La.>
PB  - Mississippi State University
CY  - Mississippi State, Miss.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kern, Alexander
A1  - Lang, U.
A1  - Wiesinger, J.
A1  - Zischank, Wolfgang J.
T1  - The longitudinal voltage of cable tubes with a screening mesh caused by partial lightning currents
JF  - Proceedings / Sixth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : 28. August - 1. September, 1989, Westin Canal Place Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
Y1  - 1989
N1  - International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering <6, 1989, New Orleans, La.>
PB  - Mississippi State University
CY  - Mississippi State, Miss.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kern, Alexander
A1  - Zischank, Wolfgang J.
T1  - Melting effects on metal sheets and air termination wires caused by direct lightning strikes
JF  - Conference proceedings : Graz, Österreich, 25. - 29. April 1988 / Gesamtorganisation: Österr. Verb. für Elektrotechnik (ÖVE), Fachausschuß Blitzschutz ... [Red.: G. Diendorfer ...]
Y1  - 1988
SN  - 3-85133-001-3
N1  - International Conference on Lightning Protection >19, 1988, Graz> ; ICLP <19, 1988, Graz> ; Österreichischer Verband für Elektrotechnik / Fachausschuss Blitzschutz
PB  - Eigenverl. des ÖVE
CY  - Wien
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gebhardt, Andreas
A1  - Schmidt, Frank-Michael
T1  - Practical experiences with making and finishing of coloured models using 3D printing
Y1  - 2002
N1  - International Conference on Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing <2, 2002, Beijing>
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schulte-Zurhausen, Manfred
A1  - Poznanska, K.
T1  - Kryteria klasyfikacji malych i srednich przedsiebiorstw = Kriterien zur Klassifizierung von kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen
JF  - Przeglad Organizacji (1994)
Y1  - 1994
SP  - 24
EP  - 27
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gebhardt, Andreas
T1  - Rapid Prototyping and PIV
Y1  - 2001
N1  - Workshop on Industrial Applications of Particle Image Velocimetry <2001, Köln>
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gebhardt, Andreas
T1  - Laserwelding with fillerwire
JF  - LIA handbook of laser material processing / Laser Institute of America
Y1  - 2001
SN  - 3-540-41770-2
N1  - Chapter 11.2.12
CY  - Orlando, Florida
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ritz, Thomas
T1  - Personalized Information Services: Production and Distribution of these Services employing Mass-Customization
Y1  - 2002
N1  - International Congress on Mass Media and Communications in the e-society of the 21st Century, Moskau, 17.-19.10.2002
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ritz, Thomas
T1  - Personalized information services : an electronic information commodity and its production
JF  - International Journal of E-Business Strategy Management
Y1  - 2000
SN  - 1467-0305
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagemann, Hans-Jürgen
A1  - Breitschuh, S.
A1  - Graber, S.
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
T1  - Internet Laboratory Courses with Remote Access and Control of Real Measurements on Sensors and Electronic Components
JF  - Mechatronics & Robotics 2004 : Aachen, Germany, September 13 - 15, 2004 / [APS - European Centre for Mechatronics]. P. Drews (ed.)
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 3-938153-30-X
N1  - MechRob <2004, Aachen>
SP  - 1280
EP  - 1284
PB  - Eysoldt
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagemann, Hans-Jürgen
A1  - Bachmann, P. K.
A1  - Lade, H.
A1  - Leers, D.
T1  - Thermal properties of C/H-, C/H/O-, C/H/N- and C/H/X-grown polycrystalline CVD diamond. P. K. Bachmann, H. J. Hagemann, H. Lade,  ...
JF  - Diamond and Related Material. Vol 4. (1995), H. Issue 5-6
Y1  - 1995
N1  - <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-9635(94)05229-8">abstract online:</a>
SP  - 820
EP  - 826
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Gregor
A1  - Fruth, B.
T1  - Dielectric Properties of Polyolefins Stressed by High Electrical Fields / Fruth, B. ; Krause, G.
JF  - Plenary lectures and contributions presented at the International Symposium on Polymer Materials : held in San Sebastian (Donostia), Spain, 31 August - 4 September, 1987 / symposium ed. G. M. Guzmán ; A. Santamaria
Y1  - 1988
SN  - 3-85739-220-7
N1  - International Symposium on Polymer Materials <1987, San Sebastián, Golfo de Vizcaya>
PB  - Huethig & Wepf
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Gregor
A1  - Schuppe, W.D.
A1  - Saure, M.
A1  - Andress, H.
T1  - Sensitive Analytical and Physical Methods for Diagnosis of Variations in Polyolefin Plaques and Cable Insulations / W.D. Schuppe, M. Saure, H. Andress, K. Möller, D. Meurer, G. Krause
JF  - Proceedings of the 32nd session : 28th August - 3rd September.
Y1  - 1988
N1  - International Conference on Large Electric Systems, CIGRÉ <32, Paris, 1988>
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Gregor
A1  - Meurer, D.
A1  - Klee, D.
T1  - Space Charge Formation Related to the Morphology of Polymers
JF  - ISE 6 : 6th International symposium on electrets : Papers
Y1  - 1988
N1  - International Symposium on Electrets <6, 1988, Oxford>
PB  - IEEE
CY  - Piscataway, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Gregor
A1  - Möller, K.
A1  - Meurer, D.
T1  - Dielectric phenomena in semicrystalline polymers
JF  - IEEE Transaction on Electrical Insulation. Vol. 24 (1989), H. No. 2
Y1  - 1989
N1  - Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/14.90276
SP  - 215
EP  - 222
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Gregor
A1  - Meurer, D.
A1  - Klee, D.
T1  - Space charge formation related to the morphology of polymers
JF  - IEEE Transaction on Electrical Insulation. Vol. 24 (1989), H. No. 3
Y1  - 1989
N1  - Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/14.30883
SP  - 215
EP  - 222
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
A1  - Schiek, B.
T1  - Results of network analyzer measurements with leakage errors-corrected with direct calibration techniques
JF  - IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement : IM / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Instrumentation and Measurement Group. 46 (1997), H. 5
Y1  - 1997
SN  - 0018-9456
SP  - 1120
EP  - 1127
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
A1  - Schiek, B.
T1  - 15-term self-calibration methods for the error-correction of on-wafer measurements
JF  - IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement : IM / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Instrumentation and Measurement Group. 46 (1997), H. 5
Y1  - 1997
SN  - 0018-9456
SP  - 1105
EP  - 1110
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
A1  - Schiek, Burkhard
T1  - Error Corrected Impedance Measurements with a Network Analyzer
Y1  - 1994
N1  - 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements digest : 27 June - 1 July 1994, Boulder, Colorado, USA / Organized by National Institute of Standards and Technology. Ed. by Edie DeWeese
SP  - 125
EP  - 126
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
A1  - Schiek, Burkhard
T1  - A Generalization of the Txx Network Analyzer Self-Calibration Procedure
JF  - Conference proceedings : monday 24th to thursday 27th august 1992, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland ; [the international conference and exhibition designed for the Microwave Community]. Vol. 2
Y1  - 1992
SN  - 0-946821-77-1
N1  - European Microwave Conference <22, 1992, Espoo> ; Teknillinen Korkeakoulu <Helsinki>
SP  - 907
EP  - 912
PB  - Microwave Exhibitions and Publishers
CY  - Tunbridge Wells
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
T1  - LZY: A Self-Calibration Approach in Competition to the LRM Method for On-Wafer Measurements
Y1  - 1995
N1  - 45th ARFTG Conference digest, Spring 1995 : [conference topic: Testing and design of RFIC'S], May 19, 1995, Orange County Convention Center, Orlando, Florida / Automatic RF Techniques Group. Publications chairman: Ed Godshalk;  ARFTG Conference digest ; 4
SP  - 129
EP  - 136
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wrede, Oliver
T1  - Mnemotechnik in graphischen Benutzeroberflächen
JF  - Form <Basel> / Form-Diskurs : Zeitschrift für Design und Theorie. 1 (1996), H. 2
Y1  - 1996
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
A1  - Schiek, Burkhard
T1  - LNN( Line-Network-Network): The In-Fixture Calibration Procedure
Y1  - 1993
N1  - XXIVth General Assembly of the International URSI, Kyoto
SP  - 149
EP  - 149
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagemann, Hans-Jürgen
A1  - Backhaus, U.
A1  - Goessner, S.
T1  - Collaborative eLearning Concepts for University Level Online Laboratory Courses in Engineering. U. Backhaus, S. Goessner, H. J. Hagemann
JF  - Proceedings Online Educa Berlin: 8th International Conference on Technology Supported Learning & Training. 2002
Y1  - 2002
N1  - Online Educa <2002, Berlin>
SP  - 62
EP  - 66
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Gregor
A1  - Fruth, Bernhard
T1  - Dielectric Properties of Polyolefins Stressed by High Electrical Fields. Fruth, B. ; Krause, G.
Y1  - 1987
N1  - Fifth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : Proceedings; Braunschweig, Stadthalle, August, 24-28, 1987 / International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering <5, 1987, Braunschweig>
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Gregor
A1  - Göttlich, S.
A1  - Möller, K.
A1  - Meurer, D.
T1  - Space Charge Phenomena in Partially Crystalline Polymers: On-Line Measurement of Charge Carrier Motion under High AC-Field Strength / G. Krause, S. Göttlich, K. Möller, D. Meurer
JF  - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics : Trondheim, Norway ... 1989
Y1  - 1989
N1  - International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics <3, 1989, Trondheim>
PB  - IEEE
CY  - Piscataway, N.J.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Gregor
A1  - Neubert, R.
A1  - Pietsch, R.
T1  - Investigations of Electrical Aging in Polymers under High AC-Field Strength
JF  - 1990 annual report : October 28 - October 31, 1990 / sponsored by the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society
Y1  - 1990
N1  - Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena ; (59, 1990, Pocono Manor, Pa.)
PB  - IEEE Service Center
CY  - Piscataway, N.J
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Gregor
T1  - High Field Phenomena of Polymeric Insulation Investigated at PE Needle-Plane Specimen
JF  - Seventh International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : Dresden, August 26 - 30, 1991 / Technische Universität Dresden
Y1  - 1991
N1  - International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering ; (7, 1991, Dresden); International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering (ISH) ; (7 : ; 1991.08.26-30 : ; Dresden)
PB  - TU Dresden
CY  - Dresden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kämper, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Kurzawa, R.
A1  - Schmitt, W.
A1  - Güntherodt, G.
T1  - Spin-resolved photoemission study of in situ grown epitaxial Fe layers on W(110). Kurzawa, R.; Kämper, K.-P.; Schmitt, W.; Güntherodt, G.
JF  - Solid State Communications. 60 (1986), H. 10
Y1  - 1986
SN  - 0038-1098
SP  - 777
EP  - 780
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Siepmann, Thomas
A1  - Rupietta, D.
T1  - Closer to the customer with computerized  product support
JF  - Technische Mitteilungen Krupp (1993)
Y1  - 1993
CY  - Essen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Siepmann, Thomas
A1  - Schuh, G.
A1  - Levering, V.
T1  - PROPLAN / Schuh, G.; Siepmann, Th.; Levering, V.
JF  - Handbook on architectures of information systems : with 24 tables / Peter Bernus ... (ed.)
Y1  - 1998
SN  - 3-540-64453-9
N1  - International handbooks on information systems ; 1
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Siepmann, Thomas
T1  - Exploitation Plan of the TELEflow Project
Y1  - 1999
N1  - 4th Framework Programme Report
CY  - Brussels
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagemann, Hans-Jürgen
A1  - Bachmann, P.K.
A1  - Lade, H.
A1  - Leers, D.
T1  - CVD Diamond Growth: Gas Compositions and Film Properties / P.K. Bachmann, H.J. Hagemann, H. Lade, D. Leers, D.U. Wiechert and H. Wilson
JF  - Advanced materials '94 : proceedings of the NIRIM International Symposium on Advanced Materials '94, Tsukuba, Japan, March 13 - 17, 1994 / National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials. Ed. by M. Kamo ...
Y1  - 1994
N1  - NIRIM International Symposium on Advanced Materials ; 1994 (Tsukuba) : 1994.03.13-17
SP  - 115
EP  - 120
PB  - International Communications Specialists
CY  - Tokyo
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagemann, Hans-Jürgen
A1  - Bachmann, P.K.
A1  - Lade, H.
A1  - Leers, D.
T1  - Diamond chemical vapor deposition: gas compositions and film properties / Bachmann, P.K.; Hagemann, H.-J.; Lade, H; Leers, D.; Picht, F.; Wiechert, D.U.; Wilson, H.
JF  - Diamond, SiC and nitride wide bandgap semiconductors : symposium held April 4 - 8, 1994, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. / ed.: Calvin H. Carter, Jr. ...
Y1  - 1994
SN  - 1-55899-239-1
N1  - Materials Research Society symposium proceedings ; 339
SP  - 267
EP  - 277
CY  - Pittsburgh, Penn.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kämper, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Berg, U.
A1  - Begemann, M.
A1  - Hagemann, B. (u.a.)
T1  - Series production and testing of a micro motor. Serienfertigung und Prüfung eines Mikromotors
JF  - Actuator 98 : 6th International Conference on New Actuators ; 17 - 19 June, 1998, Bremen, Germany ; conference proceedings / ed.: Hubert Borgmann ...
Y1  - 1998
SN  - 3-933339-00-6
N1  - Konferenz-Einzelbericht: ACTUATOR, Internat. Conf. on New Actuators
SP  - 552
EP  - 555
PB  - Messe Bremen
CY  - Bremen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kämper, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Döpper, J.
A1  - Clemens, M.
A1  - Ehrfeld, W.
T1  - Micro gear pumps for dosing of viscous fluids. / Döpper, J. (u.a.)
JF  - Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. 7 (1997), H. 3
Y1  - 1997
SN  - 0960-1317
SP  - 230
EP  - 232
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kämper, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Lehr, H.
A1  - Abel, S.
A1  - Döpper, J.
T1  - Microactuators as driving units for microrobotic systems. Herstellung von Mikroaktoren mit dem LIGA-Verfahren für Mikroroboter  / Lehr, H.; Abel, S.; Döpper, J.; Ehrfeld, W.; Hagemann, B.; Kämper, K.-P.; Michel, F.; Schulu, c.; Thürigen, C.
JF  - Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Y1  - 1996
SN  - 0277-786X
N1  - Konferenz-Einzelbericht.
SP  - 202
EP  - 210
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kämper, Klaus-Peter
T1  - Development of low-cost injection moulded micropumps. Entwicklung von kostengünstigen, mittels Spritzguß hergestellten Mikropumpen / Döpper, J. (u.a.)
JF  - Actuator 96 : Conference Proceedings ; 5th International Conference on New Actuators ; 26- 28 June, Bremen, Germany / Ed.: Hubert Borgmann. Publ. by: AXON Technology Consult GmbH
Y1  - 1996
N1  - Konferenz-Einzelbericht: ACTUATOR, Internat. Conf. on New Actuators, 5
SP  - 37
EP  - 40
CY  - Bremen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Samm, Doris
A1  - Faissner, H.
A1  - Frenzel, E.
A1  - Heinrigs, W.
T1  - Limit on axion decay into an electron pair / H. Faissner, E. Frenzel, W. Heinrigs, A. Preussger, D. Samm und U. Samm
JF  - Physics Letters B. Vol. 96 (1980), H. Issues 1-2
Y1  - 1980
SP  - 201
EP  - 205
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Samm, Doris
A1  - Faissner, H.
A1  - Frenzel, E.
A1  - Heinrigs, W.
T1  - Observation of the two-photon decay of a light penetrating particle / H. Faissner, E. Frenzel, W. Heinrigs, A. Preussger, D. Samm und U. Samm
JF  - Physics Letters B. Vol. 103 (1980), H. Issues 3
Y1  - 1980
SP  - 234
EP  - 240
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Samm, Doris
A1  - Faissner, H.
A1  - Heinrigs, W.
A1  - Preussger, A.
T1  - Search for the two-photon decay of a light penetrating particle from a 590 MeV proton beam dump / Faissner, H.; Heinrigs, W.; Preussger, A.; Reitz, J.; Samm, D. [u.a.]
JF  - Zeitschrift für Physik, C Particles and Fields. 44 (1989), H. 4
Y1  - 1989
SP  - 557
EP  - 566
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kämper, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Picard, Antoni
A1  - Brill, Manfred
A1  - Cassel, Detlef (u.a.)
T1  - The Virtual Cleanroom – a new tool in teaching MST process technologies
JF  - mst news International newsletter on micro - nano Integration (2003)
Y1  - 2003
SN  - 0948-3128
SP  - 35
EP  - 36
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Samm, Doris
A1  - Bosetti, P.-C.
T1  - Testmessungen an einem grossflaechigen (Durchmesser 35 cm) Photomultiplier Test measurements of a large-area (diameter 35 cm) photomultiplier / Bosetti, P.-C.; ... Samm, D. [u.a.]
JF  - Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft. 25 (1990), H. 1
Y1  - 1990
N1  - Fruehjahrstagung des Fachausschusses Teilchenphysik der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft e.V. (DPG), Hamburg (Germany), 21-24 Mar 1990
SP  - 33
EP  - 33
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Samm, Doris
A1  - Bosetti, P.-C.
T1  - DUMAND und die Suche nach extraterrestrischen Neutrinos / DUMAND and the search for extraterrestrial neutrinos / Bosetti, P.-C.; ... Samm, D. [u.a.]
JF  - Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft. 25 (1990), H. 1
Y1  - 1990
N1  - Fruehjahrstagung des Fachausschusses Teilchenphysik der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft e.V. (DPG), Hamburg (Germany), 21-24 Mar 1990
SP  - 88
EP  - 88
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Samm, Doris
A1  - Faissner, H.
A1  - Göttlicher, P.
A1  - Matela, H.
T1  - Search for scalar and pseudoscalar bosons emitted in nuclear decays via their interactions / Faissner, H.; Goettlicher, P. ; Matela, H. ; Samm, D.
JF  - Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei. 341 (1992), H. 3
Y1  - 1992
SP  - 359
EP  - 364
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Samm, Doris
A1  - Faissner, H.
A1  - Moers, T.
A1  - Priem, R.
T1  - Modular wall-less drift chamber for muon detection at the LHC / H. Faissner, Th. Moers, R. Priem, ... , D. Samm [u.a.]
JF  - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 330 (1993), H. 1-2
Y1  - 1993
SP  - 76
EP  - 82
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Samm, Doris
T1  - DUMAND and the search for high energy neutrino point sources / Samm, Doris [u.a.]
JF  - Trends in astroparticle physics / ed. by Peter Christian Bosetti
Y1  - 1994
SN  - 3-8154-3017-8
N1  - (Teubner-Texte zur Physik; Bd. 28); International Conference on Trends in Astroparticle-Physics ; (2 : ;
SP  - 9
EP  - 20
PB  - Teubner
CY  - Stuttgart
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fredebeul-Krein, Markus
T1  - The case for a more binding WTO agreement on regulatory principles in telecommunication markets
JF  - Telecommunications policy. vol. 23 (1999), H. afl. 9
Y1  - 1999
SN  - 0308-5961
SP  - 625
EP  - 644
ER  -