TY - JOUR A1 - Hüning, Felix A1 - Eifert, T. A1 - Lueken, H. A1 - Schmidt, P. T1 - High-temperature series expansion of the magnetic susceptibility of extended magnetic systems in a complete computer implementation / Eifert, T. ; Hüning, F. ; Lueken, H. ; Schmidt, P. ; Thiele, G. JF - Chemical Physics Letters. 364 (2002), H. 1-2 Y1 - 2002 SN - 0009-2614 SP - 69 EP - 74 PB - - ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hüning, Felix A1 - Eifert, T. A1 - Handrick, K. A1 - Neuhausen, U. T1 - Computational Magnetochemistry: Complementary Quantum Mechanical Tools / Eifert, T. ; Handrick, K. ; Hüning, F. ; Neuhausen, U. ; Schilder, H. ; Lueken, H. JF - Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie (ZAAC) - Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry . 632 (2006), H. 4 Y1 - 2006 SN - 1521-3749 SP - 521 EP - 529 PB - - ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hüning, Felix A1 - Eifert, T. A1 - Handrick, K. A1 - Neuhausen, U. T1 - Computational Magnetochemistry: Complementary Quantum Mechanical Tools / Eifert, T. ; Handrick, K. ; Hüning, F. ; Neuhausen, U. ; Schilder, H. ; Lueken, H. JF - 20 Jahre Wilhelm-Klemm-Stiftung / Kuratorium der Wilhelm-Klemm-Stiftung (Hrsg.) Y1 - 2006 SN - 978-3-8322-5520-6 SP - 193ff PB - Shaker CY - Aachen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hüning, Felix T1 - Entwicklungstrends bei MOSFETs für den Automobilbereich JF - Elektronik-Industrie . 39 (2008), H. 5 Y1 - 2008 SN - 0174-5522 SP - 74 EP - 76 PB - - ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hüning, Felix T1 - SMD packages for PowerMOSFETs in automotive applications – developments and trends JF - Automotive Designline Europe (2009) Y1 - 2009 PB - - ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hüning, Felix T1 - Using Trench PowerMOSFETs in Linear Mode JF - Power Electronics Europe (2012) N2 - If we think about applications for modern Power MOSFETs using trench technology, running them in linear mode may not be top of the priority list. Yet there are multiple uses for Trench Power MOSFETs in linear mode. In fact, even turning the device on and off in switching applications is a form of linear operation. Also, these components can be run in linear mode to protect the device against voltage surges. This article will illustrate the factors that need to be considered for linear operation and show how Trench Power MOSFETs are suited to it. Y1 - 2012 SN - 1748-3530 SP - 27 EP - 29 PB - DFA Media CY - Tonbridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Veggian, Mattea A1 - Hamacher, A. A1 - Protic, D. A1 - Riepe, G. T1 - Doping of germanium by ion implantation JF - Annual report 1992 / Forschungszentrum Jülich Institut für Kernphysik / Baur, G. (Hrsg.). - (Berichte des Forschungszentrums Jülich ; 2726) Y1 - 1993 SP - 274 PB - Verlag des Forschungszentrums Jülich CY - Jülich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Veggian, Mattea A1 - Hamacher, A. A1 - Kinast, R. T1 - Investigation of the grooves on p-contacts of position-sensitive germanium detectors JF - Annual report 1993 / Forschungszentrum Jülich Institut für Kernphysik / Baur, G. (Hrsg.). - (Berichte des Forschungszentrums Jülich ; 2879) Y1 - 1994 PB - Forschungszentrum, Zentralbibliothek CY - Jülich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Veggian, Mattea A1 - Lieder, R. M. A1 - Bochev, B. A1 - Kutsarova, T. T1 - Study of a-induced non-equilibrium reactions with particle-y conincidences JF - Physica scripta. 24 (1981), H. 1-2 Y1 - 1981 SN - 0031-8949 N1 - Hefttitel: Nuclei at very high spin : Sven Gösta in memoriam. Proceedings of Nobel-Symposium 50 Örenäs, Sweden, June 23. - 27., 1980 ; Nobel Symposium <50, 1980, Örenäs> SP - 123 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Veggian, Mattea A1 - Neskakis, A. A1 - Lieder, R. M. A1 - Beuscher, H. T1 - Side-bands in ¹⁸⁰ Os JF - International Conference Nuclear and Atomic Physics With Heay Ions : Bucharest, Romania, 9 - 12 June 1981 / European Physcial Society, Nuclear Physics Division ; The Central Institute of Physics, Romania. - (Europhysics Conference abstracts ; Vol. 5 C) Y1 - 1981 N1 - International Conference Nuclear and Atomic Physics With Heavy Ions <1981, Bucureşti> ; European Physical Society SP - 79 EP - 80 PB - EPS CY - [Petit-Lancy] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Veggian, Mattea A1 - Neskakis, A. A1 - Lieder, R. M. A1 - Beuscher, H. T1 - Investigation of high-spin states in odd-odd ¹⁹⁰,¹⁹²,¹⁹⁴ Au nuclei JF - Nuclear physics / A, Nuclear and hadronic physics. 290 (1982), H. 1 Y1 - 1982 SN - 0375-9474 SP - 53 EP - 69 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Veggian, Mattea A1 - Morek, T. A1 - Beuscher, H. A1 - Bochev, B. T1 - In-beam study of the odd-odd nuclei ¹³⁴ La and ¹³⁶ La JF - Nuclear physics / A, Nuclear and hadronic physics. 433 (1985), H. 2 Y1 - 1985 SN - 0375-9474 SP - 159 EP - 180 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Veggian, Mattea A1 - Neskakis, A. A1 - Lieder, R. M. A1 - Beuscher, H. T1 - Properties of side bands observed in ¹⁸⁰ Os JF - Zeitschrift für Physik / A, Hadrons and nuclei. 304 (1982), H. 3 Y1 - 1982 SN - 1431-5831 N1 - 2. ISSN: 0340-2193 ; 3. ISSN 0930-1151 ; 4. ISSN 0939-7922 SP - 277 EP - 278 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Veggian, Mattea A1 - Bochev, B. A1 - Lieder, R. M. A1 - Morek, T. T1 - Band crossing and blocking in side bands of ¹⁸⁰,¹⁸² Os JF - Frühjahrstagung ... des Fachausschusses Kernphysik und Hochenergiephysik der DPG (Sektion A: Kernphysik) / Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (1982) Y1 - 1982 N1 - Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft ; 1982=6.R.17,6 SP - 1273 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Veggian, Mattea A1 - Gueven, H. A1 - Julin, R. A1 - Lach, M T1 - Proton- and neutron H 11/2 excitations in 63 141 Eu 78 JF - Zeitschrift für Physik / A, Hadrons and nuclei. 330 (1988), H. 4 Y1 - 1988 SN - 1431-5831 N1 - 2. ISSN: 0340-2193 ; 3. ISSN 0930-1151 ; 4. ISSN 0939-7922 SP - 437 EP - 438 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Veggian, Mattea A1 - Zuber, K. A1 - Gueven, H. T1 - In-beam study of 63 143 Eu 80 JF - Zeitschrift für Physik / A, Hadrons and nuclei. 330 (1988), H. 3 Y1 - 1988 SN - 1431-5831 N1 - 2. ISSN: 0340-2193 ; 3. ISSN 0930-1151 ; 4. ISSN 0939-7922 SP - 343 EP - 344 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brüssermann, Klaus A1 - Ashton, P. A1 - Leicht, R. A1 - Martens, B.-R. T1 - Concept of the Konrad repository documentation system for radioactive wastes (DORA) / Ashton, P.; Leicht, R.; Martens, B.-R.; Giller, H. Brüssermann, K. JF - Kerntechnik 94 : Jahrestagung, 17.-19. Mai 1994, Stuttgart: Tagungsbericht = Nuclear technology, annual meeting 94 / Veranst.: Kerntechnische Gesellschaft; Deutsches Atomforum Y1 - 1994 SP - 294 EP - 297 PB - INFORUM Verl.- u. Verwaltungs-Ges. CY - Bonn ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Brüssermann, Klaus T1 - Proceedings of the Workshop on Evaluation and Mitigation of Accidental Releases of Radioactivity, Identification of Uncertainties : Bad Münstereifel, Fed. Republic of Germany, April 5th - 10th, 1981 Y1 - 1982 SN - 3-88668-014-2 N1 - Dokumentation des Workshops Abschätzung und Folgenminderung von Unfallbedingten Freisetzungen von Radioaktivität, Identifizierung und Unsicherheiten PB - Ges. für Umweltüberwachung CY - Aldenhoven ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brüssermann, Klaus T1 - H3 and C14 air monitoring according to KTA 1503.1 JF - 2. Karlsruhe international conference on analytical chemistry in nuclear technology, Karlsruhe (Germany), 5-9 Jun 1989 Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarzer, Klemens A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Kleine-Hering, H. T1 - Simple solar systems for heating, hot water and cooking in high altitude regions with high solar radiation / C. Müller ; K. Schwarzer ; H. Kleine-Hering JF - Proceedings / organised by: ISES Europe ... [Ed.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS, Munich ; PSE GmbH - Forschung Entwicklung Marketing, Freiburg]. - Vol 1 Y1 - 2004 SN - 3-9809656-1-9 N1 - EuroSun <5, 2004, Freiburg, Breisgau> ; Internationales Sonnenforum <14, 2004, Freiburg, Breisgau> ; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie ; CD-ROM-Ausg.: ISBN 3-9809656-4-3 SP - 1-653-1-658 PB - PSE CY - Freiburg [Breisgau] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarzer, Klemens A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Vieira da Silva, E. T1 - Solare Meerwasser-Entsalzungsanlagen mit mehrstufiger Wärmerückgewinnung / C. Müller ; K. Schwarzer ; E. Vieira da Silva ... JF - 14. Symposium Thermische Solarenergie : 12. bis 14. Mai, 2004, Kloster Banz / [Veranst.: OTTI Energie-Kolleg] Y1 - 2004 SN - 3-934681-33-6 N1 - Symposium Thermische Solarenergie ; (14, 2004, Kloster Banz) ; Energie-Kolleg ; (Regensburg) ; OTTI-Symposium Thermische Solarenergie ; Parallel als CD-ROM-Ausg. ersch. SP - 154 EP - 159 PB - Ostbayerisches Technologie-Transfer-Institut CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarzer, Klemens A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Mertes, C. T1 - Solar thermal desalination systems with multi-layer heat recovery / C. Müller ; K. Schwarzer ; C. Mertes ... JF - Proceedings / organised by: ISES Europe ... [Ed.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS, Munich ; PSE GmbH - Forschung Entwicklung Marketing, Freiburg]. - Vol 1 Y1 - 2004 SN - 3-9809656-1-9 N1 - EuroSun <5, 2004, Freiburg, Breisgau> ; Internationales Sonnenforum <14, 2004, Freiburg, Breisgau> ; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie ; CD-ROM-Ausg.: ISBN 3-9809656-4-3 SP - 1-647-1-652 PB - PSE CY - Freiburg [Breisgau] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarzer, Klemens A1 - Silva, Maria Eugênia Vieira da T1 - Solar cooking system with or without heat storage for families and institutions JF - Solar energy. 75 (2003), H. 1 Y1 - 2003 SN - 0038-092x N1 - 2. ISSN: 0375-9865 SP - 34 EP - 41 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Dreiling, V. A1 - Haller, P. A1 - Kaminski, U. T1 - Intercomparison of Eleven Condensation Nucleus Counters / Dreiling, V. ; Haller, P. ; Helsper, C.; Kaminski, U. ; Plomp, A. ; Raes, F. ; Roth, C. ; Schier, J. ; Schürmann, G. JF - Journal of Aerosol Science. 17 (1986), H. 3 Y1 - 1986 SN - 0021-8502 SP - 565 EP - 570 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Mölter, W. A1 - Haller, P. T1 - Representative Dilution of Aerosols by a Factor of 10,000 JF - Journal of Aerosol Science. 21 (1990), H. Suppl. 1 Y1 - 1990 SN - 0021-8502 SP - 637 EP - 640 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Wiedensohler, A. A1 - Weise, W. A1 - Lütkemeier, E. T1 - Determination of the Bipolar Charge Equilibrium in Pure Gases / Wiedensohler, A. ; Weise, W. ; Helsper, C. ; Lütkemeier, E. JF - Aerosols : formation and reactivity ; proceedings of the second International Aerosol Conference, 22-26 Sept. 1986, Berlin (West) / Gesellschaft für Aerosolforschung (GAeF) ; American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) Y1 - 1986 N1 - International Aerosol Conference ; (2, 1986, Berlin (West)) SP - 383 EP - 386 PB - Pergamon Press CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Lütkemeier, E. A1 - Wiedensohler, A. T1 - Charge Distribution by Unipolar Charging of Small Aerosol Particles / Lütkemeier, E. ; Helsper, C. ; Wiedensohler, A. JF - Aerosols : formation and reactivity ; proceedings of the second International Aerosol Conference, 22-26 Sept. 1986, Berlin (West) / Gesellschaft für Aerosolforschung (GAeF) ; American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) Y1 - 1986 N1 - International Aerosol Conference ; (2, 1986, Berlin (West)) SP - 474 EP - 478 PB - Pergamon Press CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph T1 - Measurement Techniques For Ultrafine Particles JF - Ultrafine aerosols. Properties and behaviour. Proceedings of the 1. International Workshop on Ultrafine Aerosols of the Sonderforschungsbereich 209 'Stoff- und Energietransport in Aerosolen' -'Mass and energy transfer in aerosols'-, held at the Univ. of Duisburg on Sept. 29, 1986 Y1 - 1986 N1 - International Workshop on Ultrafine Aerosols ; (01) CY - Duisburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Mölter, W. A1 - Willemer, W. T1 - Fast and Automated Testing of Filter Media / Mölter, W. ; Helsper, C. ; Willemer, W. JF - FILTECH Conference 1987 : Utrecht, Holland; September 23 - 25 1987 / org. by the Filtration Society , Vol. 1. Y1 - 1987 N1 - Filtech Conference ; (1987, Utrecht) SP - 106 EP - 112 PB - Filtration Society CY - Loughborough ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph T1 - Evaluation of Particle Size Distributions by Means of Particle Counters / Fißan, H. J. ; Helsper, C. JF - Proceedings of the First Workshop of Particulate Control : 16. - 17. March 1978, Kernforschung-sanlage Jülich GmbH / prepared by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Off. of Research and Development, Washington, D.C, 1979, Y1 - 1979 N1 - Workshop of Particulate Control ; (1, 1978, Jülich); Berichte der Kernforschungsanlage Jülich Conferences ; 28 PB - Zentralbibliothek d. Kernforschungsanlage Jülich [in Komm.] CY - Jülich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Fißan, H. J. T1 - Numerical Simulation Studies and Data Reduction for Size Classifying Measurement Techniques / Fißan, H. J.; Helsper, C. JF - Aerosols in science, medicine and technology : conference / Gesellschaft für Aerosolforschung 7. 1979. Y1 - 1979 SP - 199 EP - 205 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Fißan, H. J. T1 - Numerical Simulation Studies and Data Reduction for Size Classifying Measurement Techniques / Fißan, H. J.; Helsper, C. JF - Advances in Particle Sampling and Measurement: Proceedings, Daytona Beach, EPA 600/9 80 004, 1980 Y1 - 1980 N1 - Advances in Particle Sampling and Measurement ; (1979.10. : ; Daytona Beach/Fla.) PB - National Technical Information Service CY - Springfield, Va. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Fißan, H. J. A1 - Muggli, J. A1 - Scheidweiler, A. T1 - Particle Number Distributions of Aerosols from Test Fires JF - Journal of Aerosol Science. 11 (1980), H. 5-6 Y1 - 1980 SN - 0021-8502 SP - 439 EP - 446 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Fißan, H. J. T1 - Response Characteristic of a Polytec HC-15 Optical Particle Counter JF - Aerosols in science, medicine and technology : Physical and chemical properties of aerosols : Association for Aerosol Research: annual conference. 1980 : Gesellschaft für Aerosolforschung: annual conference. 1980 : Aerosols in science, medicine and technology : Physical and chemical properties of aerosols : Associa-tion for Aerosol Research: annual conference. 1980 : Gesellschaft für Aerosolforschung: annual conference. 1980 : Schmallenberg, 22.10.80 - 24.10.80 Y1 - 1981 N1 - Journal of aerosol science. Volume 0012 ; no 003 SP - 287 EP - 292 PB - Pergamon Pr. CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Fißan, H. J. A1 - Kapadi, A. A1 - Liu, B. Y. H. T1 - Data Inversion by Simplex Minimization for the Electrical Aerosol Analyzer JF - Aerosol Science and Technology. 1 (1982), H. 1982 Y1 - 1982 SN - 0278-6826 SP - 136 EP - 146 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Mackenstein, Hans T1 - The European system of central banks in relation to the Deutsche Bundesbank : a comparative study of the two institutions and their political and social environment / by Hans Wilhelm Mackenstein Y1 - 1992 N1 - Birmingham, Univ., Diss., 1992 CY - Birmingham ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Mackenstein, Hans A1 - Marsch, Steve T1 - The international relations of the European Union / by Steve Marsh and Hans Mackenstein Y1 - 2005 SN - 0-582-47293-8 PB - Pearson Education CY - Harlow [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mackenstein, Hans T1 - The role of Germany, Japan and the United States on the ECU-bond markets / Hans Wilhelm Mackenstein JF - De pecunia. 3 (1991), H. 1 Y1 - 1991 SN - 1015-6283 SP - 113 EP - 150 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mackenstein, Hans A1 - Jeffery, Charlie T1 - Financial equalization in the 1990s : on the road back to Karlsruhe / Hans Mackenstein and Charlie Jeffery JF - Recasting German federalism : the legacies of unification Y1 - 1999 SN - 1-85567-579-x SP - 155 EP - 176 PB - Pinter CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mackenstein, Hans T1 - Books Reviewed - European Democratization since 1800 edited by J. Garrard, V. Tolz and R. White JF - Democratization. 7 (2000), H. 4 Y1 - 2000 SN - 1351-0347 SP - 219 EP - 219 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mackenstein, Hans T1 - Book Reviews - Cowie, Harry, Private Partnership and Public Networks in Europe JF - Regional and federal studies. 9 (1999), H. 2 Y1 - 1999 SN - 1359-7566 SP - 111 EP - 111 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Mölter, L. T1 - Erzeugung von Prüfaerosolen für die Kalibrierung von optischen Partikelmeßverfahren nach VDI 3491 JF - Technisches Messen. 56 (1989) Y1 - 1989 SN - 0171-8096 N1 - in der Bereichsbibliothek Jülich vorhanden: 63 ZS 008-1989 SP - 229 EP - 234 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Mölter, W. A1 - Kaminski, S. T1 - Fast and Automated Testing of Different Air Filter Media / Mölter, W. ; Helsper, C. ; Kaminski, S. JF - 1. Europäisches Symposium Partikelabscheidung aus Gasen : [PARTEC, Nürnberg, West Germany, 19. - 21. April 1989 ; preprints] = 1. European Symposium Separation of Particles from Gases / [Organisation und Durchführung: NürnbergMesse]. Hrsg. von: Friedrich Löffler Y1 - 1989 N1 - Europäisches Symposion Partikelabscheidung aus Gasen <1, 1989, Nürnberg> SP - 441 EP - 457 PB - NürnbergMesse CY - Nürnberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Mölter, W. A1 - Kaminski, S. T1 - Fast and Automated Testing of Different Air Filter Media / Mölter, W. ; Helsper, C. ; Kaminski, S. JF - Proceedings of the Filtech Conference, Karlsruhe 1989, Vol. 1 Y1 - 1989 SP - 125 EP - 136 PB - Filtration Society CY - Oadby ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Mölter, W. T1 - Characteristics of a Nebulizer with Cyclone Preseparator / Mölter, W. ; Helsper, C. JF - Aerosols, their generation, behaviour and applications. Annual Conference of the Aerosol Society / Aerosol Society (UK) ; 5. Y1 - 1991 SP - 89 EP - 94 CY - Loughborough ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Mölter, W. A1 - Kaminski, S. T1 - Fast, Automated Testing of Different Air Filter Media / Mölter, W. ; Helsper, C. ; Kaminski, S. JF - Filtration and Separation. 29 (1992), H. 1 Y1 - 1992 SN - 0015-1882 SP - 45 EP - 50 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helsper, Christoph A1 - Mölter, W. A1 - Löffler, F. A1 - Wadenpohl, C. T1 - Investigations on a New Aerosol Generator for the Production of Carbon Aggregate Particles / Helsper, C. ; Mölter, W. ; Löffler, F. ; Wadenpohl, C. ; Kaufmann, S. ; Wenninger, G. JF - Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics. 27 A (1993), H. 8 Y1 - 1993 SN - 1352-2310 SP - 1271 EP - 1275 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klocke, Martina T1 - Study Units in the CIM-Oriented Study Factory JF - Qualification for Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. Hrsg.: Felix Rauner Y1 - 1995 SN - 3-540-19971-3 SP - 38 EP - 51 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Förster, Arnold A1 - Darmo, J. A1 - Dubecký, F. A1 - Kordos, P. T1 - Deep-level states and electrical properties of GaAs grown at 250 °C / J. Darmo ; F. Dubecký ; P. Kordos ; A. Förster ... JF - Materials science and engineering B: Solid– state materials for advanced technology. 28 (1994), H. 1-3 Y1 - 1994 SN - 0921-5107 SP - 393 EP - 396 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Förster, Arnold A1 - Betko, J. A1 - Kordos, P. A1 - Kuklovsky, S. T1 - Electrical properties of molecular beam epitaxial GaAs layers grown at low temperature / J. Betko ; P. Kordos ; S. Kuklovsky ; A. Förster ... JF - Materials science and engineering B: Solid– state materials for advanced technology. 28 (1994), H. 1-3 Y1 - 1994 SN - 0921-5107 SP - 147 EP - 150 ER -