TY - BOOK
A1 - Mackenstein, Hans
A1 - Marsch, Steve
T1 - The international relations of the European Union / by Steve Marsh and Hans Mackenstein
Y1 - 2005
SN - 0-582-47293-8
PB - Pearson Education
CY - Harlow [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mackenstein, Hans
A1 - Jeffery, Charlie
T1 - Financial equalization in the 1990s : on the road back to Karlsruhe / Hans Mackenstein and Charlie Jeffery
JF - Recasting German federalism : the legacies of unification
Y1 - 1999
SN - 1-85567-579-x
SP - 155
EP - 176
PB - Pinter
CY - London
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Mackenstein, Hans
T1 - The European system of central banks in relation to the Deutsche Bundesbank : a comparative study of the two institutions and their political and social environment / by Hans Wilhelm Mackenstein
Y1 - 1992
N1 - Birmingham, Univ., Diss., 1992
CY - Birmingham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mackenstein, Hans
T1 - The role of Germany, Japan and the United States on the ECU-bond markets / Hans Wilhelm Mackenstein
JF - De pecunia. 3 (1991), H. 1
Y1 - 1991
SN - 1015-6283
SP - 113
EP - 150
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mackenstein, Hans
T1 - Books Reviewed - European Democratization since 1800 edited by J. Garrard, V. Tolz and R. White
JF - Democratization. 7 (2000), H. 4
Y1 - 2000
SN - 1351-0347
SP - 219
EP - 219
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mackenstein, Hans
T1 - Book Reviews - Cowie, Harry, Private Partnership and Public Networks in Europe
JF - Regional and federal studies. 9 (1999), H. 2
Y1 - 1999
SN - 1359-7566
SP - 111
EP - 111
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mackenstein, Hans
T1 - Book Reviews - Samardzic, Slobodan and Thomas Fleiner, Federalismus und Minderheitenproblem in Multiethnischen Gemeinschaften
JF - Regional and federal studies. 8 (1998), H. 3
Y1 - 1998
SN - 1359-7566
SP - 138
EP - 138
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mackenstein, Hans
T1 - Book Reviews - Morass, Michael; Regionale Interessen auf dem Weg in die Europäische Union: Strukturelle Entwicklung und Perspektiven der Interessenvermittlung Österreichischer und deutscher Ländesakteure im Rahmen der Europäischen Integration
JF - Regional and federal studies. 8 (1998), H. 1
Y1 - 1998
SN - 1359-7566
SP - 227
EP - 227
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lindemann, Markus
A1 - Schmid, Beat F.
T1 - Framework for specifying, building and operating electronic markets
JF - International journal of electronic commerce. Vol. 3 (1998/99), No. 2
Y1 - 1999
SN - 1086-4415
SP - 7
EP - 21
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Lindemann, Markus
A1 - Runge, Alexander
T1 - Electronic contracting within the reference model for electronic markets
T2 - Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 1998, Aix-en-Provence, France, June 4-6, 1998 / Walter Baets (ed.)
Y1 - 1998
SN - 849238333X
SP - 44
EP - 59
PB - Euro-Arab Management School
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lindemann, Markus
A1 - Runge, Alexander
T1 - Permanent IT-support in electronic commerce transactions
JF - Electronic markets : the international journal of networked business. Vol. 7 (1997), iss. 1
Y1 - 1997
SN - 1422-8890
SP - 18
EP - 20
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Kunfermann, Philipp
A1 - Drumm, Christian
T1 - Lifting XML schemas to ontologies - the concept finder algorithm
T2 - MEDIATE 2005 First International Workshop on Mediation in Semantic Web Services Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Mediation in Semantic Web Services (MEDIATE 2005)
Y1 - 2005
SP - 113
EP - 122
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin
T1 - The Reform of German Maintenance Law
JF - The International Survey of Family Law
Y1 - 2018
SP - 85
EP - 100
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin
ED - Boele-Woelki, Katharina
T1 - Unification of Conflict of Laws in Europe. Matrimonial Property Regimes
T2 - European Challenges in Contemporary Family Law
Y1 - 2008
SN - 978-90-5095-692-5
SP - 379
EP - 393
PB - Intersentia
CY - Antwerpen
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin
T1 - Names of individuals
T2 - European Encyclopedia of Private International Law
Y1 - 2017
SN - 9781782547228
PB - Edward Elgar Publishing
CY - Cheltenham, UK
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin
T1 - Small Claims Regulation
T2 - European Encyclopedia of Private International Law
Y1 - 2017
SN - 9781782547228
PB - Edward Elgar Publishing
CY - Cheltenham, UK
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin
ED - Calliess, Gralf-Peter
T1 - Art. 5 Rom III-Regulation (choice of applicable law by the parties)
T2 - Rome Regulations : commentary
Y1 - 2015
SN - 9789041147547
PB - Wolters Kluwer
ET - 2nd ed.
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin
ED - Colliess, Gralf-Peter
T1 - Art. 7 Rome III-Regulation (formal validity)
T2 - Rome Regulations : commentary
Y1 - 2015
SN - 9789041147547
PB - Wolters Kluwer
ET - 2nd ed.
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Kohl, Philipp
A1 - Freyer, Nils
A1 - Krämer, Yoka
A1 - Werth, Henri
A1 - Wolf, Steffen
A1 - Kraft, Bodo
A1 - Meinecke, Matthias
A1 - Zündorf, Albert
ED - Conte, Donatello
ED - Fred, Ana
ED - Gusikhin, Oleg
ED - Sansone, Carlo
T1 - ALE: a simulation-based active learning evaluation framework for the parameter-driven comparison of query strategies for NLP
T2 - Deep Learning Theory and Applications. DeLTA 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science
N2 - Supervised machine learning and deep learning require a large amount of labeled data, which data scientists obtain in a manual, and time-consuming annotation process. To mitigate this challenge, Active Learning (AL) proposes promising data points to annotators they annotate next instead of a subsequent or random sample. This method is supposed to save annotation effort while maintaining model performance.
However, practitioners face many AL strategies for different tasks and need an empirical basis to choose between them. Surveys categorize AL strategies into taxonomies without performance indications. Presentations of novel AL strategies compare the performance to a small subset of strategies. Our contribution addresses the empirical basis by introducing a reproducible active learning evaluation (ALE) framework for the comparative evaluation of AL strategies in NLP.
The framework allows the implementation of AL strategies with low effort and a fair data-driven comparison through defining and tracking experiment parameters (e.g., initial dataset size, number of data points per query step, and the budget). ALE helps practitioners to make more informed decisions, and researchers can focus on developing new, effective AL strategies and deriving best practices for specific use cases. With best practices, practitioners can lower their annotation costs. We present a case study to illustrate how to use the framework.
KW - Active learning
KW - Query learning
KW - Natural language processing
KW - Deep learning
KW - Reproducible research
Y1 - 2023
SN - 978-3-031-39058-6 (Print)
SN - 978-3-031-39059-3 (Online)
U6 - http://dx.doi.org/978-3-031-39059-3
N1 - 4th International Conference, DeLTA 2023, Rome, Italy, July 13–14, 2023.
SP - 235
EP - 253
PB - Springer
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Knackstedt, Ralf
A1 - Eggert, Mathias
A1 - Heddier, Marcel
A1 - Chasin, Friedrich
A1 - Becker, Jörg
T1 - The Relationship Of Is And Law - The Perspective Of And Implications For IS Research
T2 - ECIS 2013 Completed Research. 18
Y1 - 2013
N1 - Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Information Systems
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Knackstedt, Ralf
A1 - Eggert, Mathias
A1 - Heddier, Marcel
A1 - Chasin, Friedrich
A1 - Becker, Jörg
T1 - The Relationship of IS and Law - Insights into the German Online Car Registration Case
T2 - ECIS 2013 Completed Research. 18. Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Information Systems
Y1 - 2013
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Knackstedt, Ralf
A1 - Eggert, Mathias
A1 - Fleischer, Stefan
T1 - The Legal Perspective on Business to Government Reporting - A Conceptual Modeling Approach and Its Application in the Financial Sector
T2 - 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2012
Y1 - 2012
SN - 978-0-7695-4525-7
U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2012.576
SP - 2309
EP - 2318
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Klettke, Tanja
A1 - Homburg, Carsten
A1 - Gell, Sebastian
T1 - How to measure analyst forecast effort
JF - European Accounting Review
N2 - We introduce a new way to measure the forecast effort that analysts devote to their earnings forecasts by measuring the analyst's general effort for all covered firms. While the commonly applied effort measure is based on analyst behaviour for one firm, our measure considers analyst behaviour for all covered firms. Our general effort measure captures additional information about analyst effort and thus can identify accurate forecasts. We emphasise the importance of investigating analyst behaviour in a larger context and argue that analysts who generally devote substantial forecast effort are also likely to devote substantial effort to a specific firm, even if this effort might not be captured by a firm-specific measure. Empirical results reveal that analysts who devote higher general forecast effort issue more accurate forecasts. Additional investigations show that analysts' career prospects improve with higher general forecast effort. Our measure improves on existing methods as it has higher explanatory power regarding differences in forecast accuracy than the commonly applied effort measure. Additionally, it can address research questions that cannot be examined with a firm-specific measure. It provides a simple but comprehensive way to identify accurate analysts.
Y1 - 2015
U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2014.909291
SN - 0963-8180
VL - 24
IS - 1
SP - 129
EP - 146
PB - Taylor & Francis
CY - London
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Klein, Stefan
A1 - Lindemann, Markus
ED - Vogel, Douglas R.
T1 - New architectures for web-enabled EDI-applications and their impact on VANS
T2 - Global business in practice : proceedings of the Tenth International Bled Electronic Commerce Conference BLED '97, Bled, Slovenia, June 9-11 1997
Y1 - 1997
SP - 556
EP - 573
PB - Moderna organizacija
CY - Kranj
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kempt, Hendrik
A1 - Freyer, Nils
A1 - Nagel, Saskia K.
T1 - Justice and the normative standards of explainability in healthcare
JF - Philosophy & Technology
N2 - Providing healthcare services frequently involves cognitively demanding tasks, including diagnoses and analyses as well as complex decisions about treatments and therapy. From a global perspective, ethically significant inequalities exist between regions where the expert knowledge required for these tasks is scarce or abundant. One possible strategy to diminish such inequalities and increase healthcare opportunities in expert-scarce settings is to provide healthcare solutions involving digital technologies that do not necessarily require the presence of a human expert, e.g., in the form of artificial intelligent decision-support systems (AI-DSS). Such algorithmic decision-making, however, is mostly developed in resource- and expert-abundant settings to support healthcare experts in their work. As a practical consequence, the normative standards and requirements for such algorithmic decision-making in healthcare require the technology to be at least as explainable as the decisions made by the experts themselves. The goal of providing healthcare in settings where resources and expertise are scarce might come with a normative pull to lower the normative standards of using digital technologies in order to provide at least some healthcare in the first place. We scrutinize this tendency to lower standards in particular settings from a normative perspective, distinguish between different types of absolute and relative, local and global standards of explainability, and conclude by defending an ambitious and practicable standard of local relative explainability.
KW - Clinical decision support systems
KW - Justice
KW - Medical AI
KW - Explainability
KW - Normative standards
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13347-022-00598-0
VL - 35
IS - Article number: 100
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Springer Nature
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Jarke, Matthias
A1 - Gebhardt, Michael
A1 - Jacobs, Stephan
A1 - Nissen, Hans W.
T1 - Conflict analysis across heterogeneous viewpoints: formalization and visualization
T2 - Proceedings of the 29th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Y1 - 1996
SN - 0-8186-7324-9
U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1996.493191
SP - 199
EP - 208
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Peters, Bettina
T1 - Innovation and Innovation Success in the German Manufacturing Sector. Econometric Evidence at Firm Level / Janz, N. and Peters, B.
Y1 - 2002
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Lööf, Hans
A1 - Peters, Bettina
T1 - Firm Level Innovation and Productivity, Is there a Common Story Across Countries?
JF - Problems and Perspectives in Management (2004)
Y1 - 2004
SN - ISSN 1727-7051
N1 - online download: http://businessperspectives.org/files/ppm/PPM_EN_2004_02_Janz.pdf
SP - 184
EP - 204
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Lööf, Hans
A1 - Peters, Bettina
T1 - Firm Level Innovation and Productivity, Is there a Common Story Across Countries?
Y1 - 2003
SN - ISSN 1727-7051
N1 - ZEW Diskussion Paper. No 03-26 Online : ftp://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp0326.pdf
PB - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung ZEW
CY - Mannheim
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Licht, Georg
A1 - Ebling, Günther
A1 - Niggemann, Hiltrud
T1 - Innovation in the Service Sector. Selected Facts and Some Policy Conclusions / Licht, G., G. Ebling, N. Janz, H. Niggemann
Y1 - 1999
PB - European Commission
CY - Luxembourg
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Licht, Georg
T1 - Innovation Activities and European Patenting of German Firms. A Panel Data Analysis / Janz, N., G. Licht
Y1 - 2002
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Gottschalk, Sandra
A1 - Hempell, Thomas
A1 - Peters, Bettina
T1 - Innovation Activities in the German Economy. Report on Indicators from the Innovation Survey 2000 (English translation) / Janz, N., S. Gottschalk, T. Hempell, B. Peters, G. Ebling und H. Niggemann
Y1 - 2002
PB - ZEW Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung
CY - Mannheim
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Gottschalk, Sandra
T1 - Innovation Dynamics and Endogenours Market Structue. An Econometric Investigation with Aggregated Innovation Survey Data / Gottschalk, S. und N. Janz
Y1 - 2001
N1 - ZEW-Discussion Paper 01-39 online unter ftp://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp0139.pdf
PB - ZEW Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsförderung
CY - Mannheim
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Goedhuys, Micheline
A1 - Mohnen, Pierre
T1 - What drives productivity in Tanzanian manufacturing firms: technology or business environment? / Goedhuys, Micheline ; Janz, Norbert ; Mohnen, Pierre
JF - The European Journal of Development Research. 20 (2008), H. 2
Y1 - 2008
SN - 1743-9728
SP - 199
EP - 218
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Goedhuys, Micheline
A1 - Mohnen, Pierre
T1 - Knowledge-based productivity in "low-tech" industries : evidence from firms in developing countries / Goedhuys, Micheline ; Janz, Norbert ; Mohnen, Pierre
Y1 - 2008
N1 - Working paper series // United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; 2008,007
PB - UNU-MERIT
CY - Maastricht
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Goedhuys, Micheline
A1 - Mohnen, Pierre
T1 - What drives productivity in Tanzanian manufacturing firms: technology or institutions? / Goedhuys, Micheline ; Janz, Norbert ; Mohnen, Pierre
Y1 - 2006
N1 - Working paper series // United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; 2006,037
PB - UnU-MERIT
CY - Maastricht
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Goedhuys, Micheline
A1 - Mairesse, Jacques
A1 - Mohnen, Pierre
T1 - Micro-evidence on innovation and development (MEIDE): an introduction / Goedhuys, Micheline ; Janz, Norbert ; Mairesse, Jacques ; Mohnen, Pierre
JF - The European Journal of Development Research. 20 (2008), H. 2
Y1 - 2008
SN - 1743-9728
SP - 167
EP - 171
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Ebling, Günther
A1 - Niggemann, Hiltrud
A1 - Stahl, Harald
T1 - 2nd Community Innovation Survey. 1st Interim Report. Report prepared for Eurostat / Ebling, G., N. Janz, H. Niggemann und H. Stahl
Y1 - 1998
PB - ZEW Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsförderung
CY - Mannheim
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Ebling, Günther
A1 - Göggerle, J.
A1 - Licht, Georg
T1 - The Longitudinal Aspect of Innovation Surveys / G. Ebling, J. Göggerle, N. Janz, G. Licht und H. Stahl
Y1 - 1998
PB - ZEW Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsförderung
CY - Mannheim
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Ebling, Günther
A1 - Gottschalk, Sandra
A1 - Peters, Bettina
T1 - Innovation Activities in the German Economy: Report on indicators from the Innovation Survey 2001 (english translation) / Janz, N., G. Ebling, S. Gottschalk, B. Peters und T. Schmidt
Y1 - 2002
PB - ZEW Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung
CY - Mannheim
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Ebling, Günther
A1 - Gottschalk, Sandra
A1 - Niggemann, Hiltrud
T1 - The Mannheim Innovation Panels (MIP and MIP-S) of the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW) / Janz, N., G. Ebling, S. Gottschalk und H. Niggemann
JF - Schmollers Jahrbuch : Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften ; journal of applied social science studies. 121 (2001)
Y1 - 2001
SN - 0342-1783
SP - 123
EP - 129
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Ebling, Günther
A1 - Gottschalk, Sandra
A1 - Niggemann, Hiltrud
T1 - Prospects of the German Economy: Innovation Activities in the Manufacturing Sector. Survey 1999 Report to the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (English translation) / Janz, N., G. Ebling, S. Gottschalk und H. Niggemann
Y1 - 2000
PB - ZEW Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung
CY - Mannheim
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Ebling, Günther
A1 - Gottschalk, Sandra
A1 - Niggemann, Hiltrud
T1 - Services in the Future: Innovation Activities in the Service Sector. Survey 1999 (English translation) / Janz, N., G. Ebling, S. Gottschalk und H. Niggemann
Y1 - 2000
PB - ZEW Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung
CY - Mannheim
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Ebling, Günther
A1 - Gottschalk, Sandra
A1 - Niggemann, Hiltrud
T1 - 2nd Community Innovation Survey. Final Report. Report prepared for Eurostat / Ebling, G. , S. Gottschalk, N. Janz und H. Niggemann
Y1 - 1999
PB - ZEW Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung
CY - Mannheim
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Ebling, Günther
A1 - Gottschalk, Sandra
A1 - Niggemann, Hiltrud
T1 - 2nd Community Innovation Survey. 2nd Interim Report. Report prepared for Eurostat / Ebling, G. , S. Gottschalk, N. Janz und H. Niggemann
Y1 - 1999
PB - ZEW Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung
CY - Mannheim
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Ebling, Günther
A1 - Gottschalk, Sandra
A1 - Licht, Georg
T1 - Prospects of the German Economy: Innovation Activities in the Manufacturing Sector. Survey 1998 (English translation) / Janz, N., G. Ebling, S. Gottschalk, G. Licht und H. Niggemann
Y1 - 1999
PB - ZEW Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung
CY - Mannheim
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Ebling, Günther
A1 - Gottschalk, Sandra
A1 - Licht, Georg
T1 - Services in the Future. Innovation Activities in the Service Sector. Survey 1998 (English translation) / Janz, N., G. Ebling, S. Gottschalk, G. Licht und H. Niggemann
Y1 - 1999
PB - ZEW Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung
CY - Mannheim
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
A1 - Ebling, Günther
T1 - Export and Innovation Activities in the German Service Sector. Empirical Evidence at the Firm Level / Ebling, G.. und N. Janz
Y1 - 1999
N1 - ZEW-Discussion Paper 99-53 online unter ftp://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp5399.pdf
PB - ZEW Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsförderung
CY - Mannheim
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Janz, Norbert
T1 - Outlier Robust Estimation of an Euler Equation Investment Model with German Firm Level Panel Data
JF - Contributions to modern econometrics : from data analysis to economic policy ; [dedicated to Gerd Hansen on the occasion of his 65th Birthday] / ed. by Ingo Klein and Stefan Mittnik
Y1 - 2002
SN - 1402073348
N1 - Dynamic modeling in econometrics in economics and finance ; 4
SP - 87
EP - 103
PB - Kluwer Academic Publ.
CY - Dordrecht [u.a.]
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Janz, Norbert
T1 - Interpreting Estimation Result of Euler Equation Investment Models when Factor Markets are Imperfectly Competitive
Y1 - 1997
N1 - ZEW-Discussion Paper 97-29 online unter ftp://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp2997.pdf
PB - ZEW Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung
CY - Mannheim
ER -