TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schäfer, Horst
A1  - Heil, Günter
T1  - Modeling and Graphic Presentation of Acid–Base Titration Curves. Presentation of an Alternative Method
JF  - The Chemical Educator. 7 (2002), H. 6
Y1  - 2002
SN  - 1430-4171
SP  - 339
EP  - 346
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schäfer, Horst
A1  - Gerschütz, J.
A1  - Scholl, S.
A1  - Fischer, A. (u.a.)
T1  - Quanten-Hall-Effekt in CdTe/Cd1-X MgX Te Heterostrukturen
Y1  - 1995
N1  - Als Poster vorgelegt auf der Frühjahrstagung der DPG in Berlin, 20.-24. März 1995, Verhandl. DPG (VI) 30, HL 33.52 / Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schäfer, Horst
A1  - Böttcher, A.
T1  - Mapping of magnetic domain structures inside of ferromagnetic materials by X-ray topography
JF  - Physica Status Solidi (A). 113 (1989)
Y1  - 1989
SN  - 0031-8965
SP  - 551
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schäfer, Horst
A1  - Boege, P.
A1  - Shanjia, Xu
A1  - Xinzhang, Wu (u.a.)
T1  - Improved conductivity-measurement of semiconductor epitaxial layers by means of the contactless microwave method
JF  - Conference digest : 10 - 14 January 1994, San Diego, California / International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications / Mohammed N. Afsar, chair/ed.
Y1  - 1994
SN  - 0-8194-1558-8
N1  - Serie Proceedings / SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering ; 2250
SP  - 649
EP  - 658
PB  - SPIE
CY  - Bellingham, Wash.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schäfer, Horst
T1  - Calculation of the surface stray field and the demagnetizing field of a g.o. 3% SiFe sheet caused by a misoriented grain
JF  - Physica Scripta. 39 (1989), H. 4
Y1  - 1989
SN  - 0031-8949
SP  - 531
EP  - 534
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Wiedenfeld, M.
A1  - Bansal, Narenda K.
A1  - Ertl, Karl-Heinz
T1  - A novel solar sterilization and water destillation system : experiment and thermodynamic analysis
T2  - 1991 Solar World Congress : : proceedings of the Biennial Congress of the International Solar Energy Society, Denver, Colorado, USA, 19 - 23 August 1991 / ed. by M. E. Arden. Bd. 2,II
Y1  - 1991
SN  - 0-08-041690-x
SP  - 2276
EP  - 2281
PB  - Pergamon Pr.
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Werner, M.
A1  - Hartz, T.
T1  - Lacasa - an instrument for the energy analysis and optimisation of buildings including technical equipment
JF  - Proceedings / organised by: ISES Europe ... [Ed.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS, Munich ; PSE GmbH - Forschung Entwicklung Marketing, Freiburg]. - Vol. 2
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 3-9809656-2-7
N1  - EuroSun <5, 2004, Freiburg, Breisgau> ; Internationales Sonnenforum <14, 2004, Freiburg, Breisgau> ; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie ; CD-ROM-Ausg.: ISBN 3-9809656-4-3
SP  - 2-489-2-494
PB  - PSE
CY  - Freiburg [Breisgau]
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Vieira, Maria Eugenia
A1  - Müller, Christoph
A1  - Lehmann, Harry
A1  - Coutinho, Lecimara
T1  - Modular solar thermal desalination system with flat plate collector
T2  - RIO 3 - World Climate & Energy Event : proceedings of the international conference held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1 -5 december 2003 / chief-ed.: Stefan Krauter ...
Y1  - 2003
SN  - 85-902710-2-1
SP  - 281
EP  - 286
PB  - Krauter
CY  - Rio de Janeiro
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Vieira da Silva, Maria Eugenia
A1  - Schwarzer, Tarik
T1  - Field results in Namibia and Brazil of the new solar desalination system for decentralised drinking water production
JF  - Desalination and water treatment. Vol. 31 (2011), iss. 1-3: selected papers presented at EuroMed 2010 — Desalination for Clean Water and Energy: Cooperation among Mediterranean Countries of Europe and MENA Region, 3–7 October 2010, Tel Aviv, Israel
Y1  - 2011
SP  - 379
EP  - 386
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Silva, Maria Eugênia Vieira da
A1  - Faber, Christian
A1  - Müller, Christoph
T1  - Solar thermal desalination system with heat recovery
JF  - Desalination. 137 (2001), H. 1-3
Y1  - 2001
SN  - 0011-9164
SP  - 23
EP  - 29
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Silva, Maria Eugênia Vieira da
T1  - Solar cooking system with or without heat storage for families and institutions
JF  - Solar energy. 75 (2003), H. 1
Y1  - 2003
SN  - 0038-092x
N1  - 2. ISSN: 0375-9865
SP  - 34
EP  - 41
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Silva, Maria Eugenia Vieira da
T1  - Characterisation and design methods of solar cookers / Schwarzer, Klemens ; Silva, Maria Eugenia Vieira da
JF  - Solar energy. 82 (2008), H. 2
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 0038-092X
SP  - 157
EP  - 163
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Schlenger, Barbara J.
T1  - Investigation of fission product aerosol behavior in an HTR containment during severe core-heatup accidents / Barbara J. Schlenger ; K. Schwarzer
JF  - Tagungsbericht : Maritim Kongresszentrum, 17. - 19. Mai '88 Travemünde / Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V.; Deutsches Atomforum e.V. [Red.: K. G. Bauer]
Y1  - 1988
SN  - 0720-9207
N1  - Jahrestagung Kerntechnik <1988, Lübeck-Travemünde> ; Annual Meeting of Nuclear Technology <1988, Lübeck-Travemünde>
SP  - 179
EP  - 182
PB  - Inforum
CY  - Bonn
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Müller, C.
A1  - Vieira da Silva, E.
T1  - Solare Meerwasser-Entsalzungsanlagen mit mehrstufiger Wärmerückgewinnung / C. Müller ; K. Schwarzer ; E. Vieira da Silva ...
JF  - 14. Symposium Thermische Solarenergie : 12. bis 14. Mai, 2004, Kloster Banz / [Veranst.: OTTI Energie-Kolleg]
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 3-934681-33-6
N1  - Symposium Thermische Solarenergie ; (14, 2004, Kloster Banz) ; Energie-Kolleg ; (Regensburg) ; OTTI-Symposium Thermische Solarenergie ; Parallel als CD-ROM-Ausg. ersch.
SP  - 154
EP  - 159
PB  - Ostbayerisches Technologie-Transfer-Institut
CY  - Regensburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Müller, C.
A1  - Mertes, C.
T1  - Solar thermal desalination systems with multi-layer heat recovery / C. Müller ; K. Schwarzer ; C. Mertes ...
JF  - Proceedings / organised by: ISES Europe ... [Ed.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS, Munich ; PSE GmbH - Forschung Entwicklung Marketing, Freiburg]. - Vol 1
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 3-9809656-1-9
N1  - EuroSun <5, 2004, Freiburg, Breisgau> ; Internationales Sonnenforum <14, 2004, Freiburg, Breisgau> ; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie ; CD-ROM-Ausg.: ISBN 3-9809656-4-3
SP  - 1-647-1-652
PB  - PSE
CY  - Freiburg [Breisgau]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Müller, C.
A1  - Kleine-Hering, H.
T1  - Simple solar systems for heating, hot water and cooking in high altitude regions with high solar radiation / C. Müller ; K. Schwarzer ; H. Kleine-Hering
JF  - Proceedings / organised by: ISES Europe ... [Ed.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS, Munich ; PSE GmbH - Forschung Entwicklung Marketing, Freiburg]. - Vol 1
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 3-9809656-1-9
N1  - EuroSun <5, 2004, Freiburg, Breisgau> ; Internationales Sonnenforum <14, 2004, Freiburg, Breisgau> ; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie ; CD-ROM-Ausg.: ISBN 3-9809656-4-3
SP  - 1-653-1-658
PB  - PSE
CY  - Freiburg [Breisgau]
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Kroker, Jan
A1  - Rusack, Markus
T1  - Technical improvement of a small modular parabolic trough collector
T2  - EuroSun 2008 : 1st International Conference on Solar Heating, Cooling and Buildings ; 7th - 10th October 2008, Lisbon, Portugal : key lectures / ISES, International Solar Energy Society. Vol. 1
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-1-61782-228-5
SP  - 1395
EP  - 1402
PB  - Sociedade Portuguesa De Energia Solar (SPES)
CY  - Lissabon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Krings, T.
T1  - Dissemination of solar cookers with and without temporary storage : a report of concrete examples ; experiences from Chile, India and Mali
JF  - Proceedings / EuroSun '96 : 10. Internationales Sonnenforum. Ed. by A. Goetzberger ... - Bd. 4
Y1  - 1996
N1  - EuroSun <1, 1996, Freiburg, Breisgau>
SP  - 1479
EP  - 1482
PB  - DGS-Sonnenenergie-Verl.
CY  - München
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Hafner, B.
A1  - Meer, A. von
A1  - Krings, T.
T1  - Simulation and dimensioning program for solar cookers with temporal heat storage and comparison with measurements
T2  - Harmony with nature : : proceedings / ISES Solar World Congress, Budapest 1993. International Solar Energy Society, Hungarian Section (H-ISES); Hungarian Solar Energy Society (HSES). Bd 5: Active systems
Y1  - 1993
SP  - 473
EP  - 478
PB  - Hungarian Energy Society
CY  - Budapest
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Faber, Christian
A1  - Meliß, Michael
A1  - Späte, F.
T1  - Solar-Institut Jülich (SIJ), Fachhochschule Aachen, Division Jülich Germany
T2  - Harmony with nature : proceedings / ISES Solar World Congress, Budapest 1993. International Solar Energy Society, Hungarian Section (H-ISES); Hungarian Solar Energy Society (HSES). Vol. 1: Energy policy, environment, education
Y1  - 1993
SP  - 349
EP  - 354
PB  - Hungarian Energy Society
CY  - Budapest
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - da Silva, Vieira E.
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
A1  - Schwarzer, T.
T1  - A new solar desalination system with heat recovery for decentralised drinking water production
JF  - Desalination. 248 (2009), H. 1-3
Y1  - 2009
SN  - 0011-9164
N1  - Water and Sanitation in International Development and Disaster Relief (WSIDDR) International Workshop Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, 28–30 May 2008
SP  - 204
EP  - 211
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
A1  - Bieger, W.
A1  - Ricking, N.
A1  - Bansal, Narenda K.
T1  - Solar cooker with a rock bed cum oil storage
T2  - 1991 Solar World Congress : : proceedings of the Biennial Congress of the International Solar Energy Society, Denver, Colorado, USA, 19 - 23 August 1991 / ed. by M. E. Arden. Bd. 3,II
Y1  - 1991
SN  - 0-08-041690-x
SP  - 3751
EP  - 3756
PB  - Pergamon Pr.
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
T1  - Lacasa : Einsatz von MATLAB-Simulink zur energetischen Analyse und Optimierung von Alt- und Neubauten inklusive Heizungs-, Lüftungs- und Klimatechnik / Hrsg.: FIA-Projekt, Forschungs-Informations-Austausch im Fachinstitut Gebäude-Klima e.V. Projekt: Solar-Institut Jülich an der Fachhochschule Aachen
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 3-938210-07-9
PB  - FIA-Projekt im Fachinst. Gebäude-Klima
CY  - Bietigheim-Bissingen
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
T1  - A new kind of efficient solar cookers with and without temporary heat storage
T2  - Advances in solar cooking : proceedings of the First World Conference on Solar Cooking, Stockton, California, USA, June 19 - 20, 1992 / ed. by Edwin Pejack
Y1  - 1992
SP  - 107
EP  - 112
PB  - Solar Box Cookers International
CY  - Sacramento, Calif.
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
T1  - Desalination systems with renewable energies
T2  - DME Seminar Desalination and Renewable Energies : June 19 and 20 2008, Solar Institut Jülich / Deutsche Meerwasserentsalzung e.V.
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-3-86861-017-8
PB  - DME
CY  - Duisburg
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwarzbözl, Peter
A1  - Pomp, Stefan
A1  - Koll, Gerrit
A1  - Hennecke, Klaus
A1  - Hartz, Thomas
A1  - Schmitz, Mark
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
T1  - The solar tower Jülich - first operational experiences and test results
T2  - SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP Conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 8
EP  - 9
PB  - Soc. OSC
CY  - Saint Maur
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarz, Alexander
A1  - Gebhardt, Andreas
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Popoola, Patricia
T1  - New Welding Joint Geometries Manufactured by Powder Bed Fusion from 316L
JF  - Materials Performance and Characterization 8
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/MPC20180096
SN  - 2379-1365
IS  - in press
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwarte, Rudolf
A1  - Ringbeck, Thorsten
A1  - [u.a.], 
ED  - Krüger, Sven
T1  - New Powerful Sensory Tool in Automotive Safety Systems Based on PMD-Technology
T2  - Advanced microsystems for automotive applications 2000
Y1  - 2000
SN  - 3-5406-7087-4
N1  - Advanced microsystems for automotive applications <4, 2000, Berlin> ; AMAA <4, 2000, Berlin>
Autorenang. im Bd.: R. Schwarte et al.
SP  - 181
EP  - 204
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwarte, Rudolf
A1  - Heinol, Horst-Guenther
A1  - Buxbaum, Bernd
A1  - Ringbeck, Thorsten
A1  - [u.a.], 
ED  - Jähne, Bernd
T1  - Principles of three-dimensional imaging techniques
T2  - Sensors and imaging. - (Handbook of computer vision and applications ; Vol. 1)
Y1  - 1999
SN  - 0-12-379771-3 (Einzelbd.)
SN  - 0-12-379770-5 (Gesamtwerk)
SP  - 463
EP  - 485
PB  - Academic Press
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwarte, Rudolf
A1  - Buxbaum, Bernd
A1  - Heinol, Horst-Guenther
A1  - Xu, Zhanping
A1  - Ringbeck, Thorsten
A1  - Zang, Zhigang
T1  - Novel 3D-vision systems based on layout optimized PMD-structures
T2  - Proceedings / OPTO 98, Internationaler Kongress und Fachausstellung für Optische Sensorik, Messtechnik und Elektronik, 18. - 20. Mai 1998, Kongreßzentrum Erfurt
Y1  - 1998
N1  - Internationaler Kongress und Fachausstellung für Optische Sensorik, Messtechnik & Elektronik <3, 1998, Erfurt> ; International Congress and Exhibition on Optoelectronics, Optical Sensors and Measuring Techniques <3, 1998, Erfurt> ; OPTO <3, 1998, Erfurt>
SP  - 197
EP  - 202
PB  - ACS Organisations GmbH
CY  - Wunsdorf
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwanke, Peter
A1  - Höfken, Hans-Wilhelm
A1  - Schuba, Marko
T1  - Security Analysis of the ADS Protocol of a Beckhoff CX2020 PLC
N2  - ICSs (Industrial Control Systems) and its subset SCADA systems (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) are getting exposed to a constant stream of new threats. The increasing importance of IT security in ICS requires viable methods to assess the security of ICS, its individual components, and its protocols. This paper presents a security analysis with focus on the communication protocols of a single PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). The PLC, a Beckhoff CX2020, is examined and new vulnerabilities of the system are revealed. Based on these findings recommendations are made to improve security of the Beckhoff system and its protocols.
Y1  - 2017
N1  - International Conference on Computer, Network Security and Communication Engineering (CNSCE 2017), March 26-27, 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwager, Christian
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - Flesch, Robert
A1  - Alexopoulos, Spiros
A1  - Herrmann, Ulf
T1  - Improved efficiency prediction of a molten salt receiver based on dynamic cloud passage simulation
T2  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-0-7354-1866-0
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5117566
VL  - 2126
IS  - 1
SP  - 030054-1
EP  - 030054-8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwager, Christian
A1  - Flesch, Robert
A1  - Schwarzbözl, Peter
A1  - Herrmann, Ulf
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
T1  - Advanced two phase flow model for transient molten salt receiver system simulation
JF  - Solar Energy
N2  - In order to realistically predict and optimize the actual performance of a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant sophisticated simulation models and methods are required. This paper presents a detailed dynamic simulation model for a Molten Salt Solar Tower (MST) system, which is capable of simulating transient operation including detailed startup and shutdown procedures including drainage and refill. For appropriate representation of the transient behavior of the receiver as well as replication of local bulk and surface temperatures a discretized receiver model based on a novel homogeneous two-phase (2P) flow modelling approach is implemented in Modelica Dymola®. This allows for reasonable representation of the very different hydraulic and thermal properties of molten salt versus air as well as the transition between both. This dynamic 2P receiver model is embedded in a comprehensive one-dimensional model of a commercial scale MST system and coupled with a transient receiver flux density distribution from raytracing based heliostat field simulation. This enables for detailed process prediction with reasonable computational effort, while providing data such as local salt film and wall temperatures, realistic control behavior as well as net performance of the overall system. Besides a model description, this paper presents some results of a validation as well as the simulation of a complete startup procedure. Finally, a study on numerical simulation performance and grid dependencies is presented and discussed.
KW  - Molten salt solar tower
KW  - Molten salt receiver system
KW  - Dynamic simulation
KW  - Two-phase modelling
KW  - Transient flux distribution
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.12.065
SN  - 0038-092X (print)
SN  - 1471-1257 (online)
VL  - 232
SP  - 362
EP  - 375
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwager, Christian
A1  - Angele, Florian
A1  - Schwarzbözl, Peter
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - Herrmann, Ulf
T1  - Model predictive assistance for operational decision making in molten salt receiver systems
T2  - SolarPACES: Solar Power & Chemical Energy Systems
N2  - Despite the challenges of pioneering molten salt towers (MST), it remains the leading technology in central receiver power plants today, thanks to cost effective storage integration and high cost reduction potential. The limited controllability in volatile solar conditions can cause significant losses, which are difficult to estimate without comprehensive modeling [1]. This paper presents a Methodology to generate predictions of the dynamic behavior of the receiver system as part of an operating assistance system (OAS). Based on this, it delivers proposals if and when to drain and refill the receiver during a cloudy period in order maximize the net yield and quantifies the amount of net electricity gained by this. After prior analysis with a detailed dynamic two-phase model of the entire receiver system, two different reduced modeling approaches where developed and implemented in the OAS. A tailored decision algorithm utilizes both models to deliver the desired predictions efficiently and with appropriate accuracy.
KW  - Power plants
KW  - Associated liquids
KW  - Decision theory
KW  - Electrochemistry
Y1  - 2023
SN  - 978-0-7354-4623-6
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0151514
SN  - 1551-7616 (online)
SN  - 0094-243X (print)
N1  - 27th International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems
27 September–1 October 2021
Online
IS  - 2815 / 1
PB  - AIP conference proceedings / American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville, NY
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwager, Christian
A1  - Angele, Florian
A1  - Nouri, Bijan
A1  - Schwarzbözl, Peter
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - Herrmann, Ulf
T1  - Impact of DNI forecast quality on performance prediction for a commercial scale solar tower: Application of nowcasting DNI maps to dynamic solar tower simulation
T2  - SolarPACES conference proceedings
N2  - Concerning current efforts to improve operational efficiency and to lower overall costs of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants with prediction-based algorithms, this study investigates the quality and uncertainty of nowcasting data regarding the implications for process predictions. DNI (direct normal irradiation) maps from an all-sky imager-based nowcasting system are applied to a dynamic prediction model coupled with ray tracing. The results underline the need for high-resolution DNI maps in order to predict net yield and receiver outlet temperature realistically. Furthermore, based on a statistical uncertainty analysis, a correlation is developed, which allows for predicting the uncertainty of the net power prediction based on the corresponding DNI forecast uncertainty. However, the study reveals significant prediction errors and the demand for further improvement in the accuracy at which local shadings are forecasted.
KW  - Process prediction
KW  - DNI forecasting
KW  - Nowcasting
KW  - Uncertainty analysis
KW  - Molten salt receiver system,
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.675
SN  - 2751-9899 (online)
N1  - 28th International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, 27-30 September, Albuquerque, NM, USA
IS  - Vol. 1
PB  - TIB Open Publishing
CY  - Hannover
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwabedal, Justus T. C.
A1  - Sippel, Daniel
A1  - Brandt, Moritz D.
A1  - Bialonski, Stephan
T1  - Automated Classification of Sleep Stages and EEG Artifacts in Mice with Deep Learning
N2  - Sleep scoring is a necessary and time-consuming task in sleep studies. In animal models (such as mice) or in humans, automating this tedious process promises to facilitate long-term studies and to promote sleep biology as a data-driven f ield. We introduce a deep neural network model that is able to predict different states of consciousness (Wake, Non-REM, REM) in mice from EEG and EMG recordings with excellent scoring results for out-of-sample data. Predictions are made on epochs of 4 seconds length, and epochs are classified as artifactfree or not. The model architecture draws on recent advances in deep learning and in convolutional neural networks research. In contrast to previous approaches towards automated sleep scoring, our model does not rely on manually defined features of the data but learns predictive features automatically. We expect deep learning models like ours to become widely applied in different fields, automating many repetitive cognitive tasks that were previously difficult to tackle.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1809.08443
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwab, Lukas
A1  - Hojdis, Nils
A1  - Lacayo, Jorge
A1  - Wilhelm, Manfred
T1  - Fourier-Transform Rheology of Unvulcanized, Carbon Black Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber
JF  - Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
N2  - Rubber materials filled with reinforcing fillers display nonlinear rheological behavior at small strain amplitudes below γ0 < 0.1. Nevertheless, rheological data are analyzed mostly in terms of linear parameters, such as shear moduli (G′, G″), which loose their physical meaning in the nonlinear regime. In this work styrene butadiene rubber filled with carbon black (CB) under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) is analyzed in terms of the nonlinear parameter I3/1. Three different CB grades are used and the filler load is varied between 0 and 70 phr. It is found that I3/1(φ) is most sensitive to changes of the total accessible filler surface area at low strain amplitudes (γ0 = 0.32). The addition of up to 70 phr CB leads to an increase of I3/1(φ) by a factor of more than ten. The influence of the measurement temperature on I3/1 is pronounced for CB levels above the percolation threshold.
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201500356
SN  - 1439-2054
VL  - 301
IS  - 4
SP  - 457
EP  - 468
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schusser, Sebastian
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Bäcker, Matthias
A1  - Leinhos, Marcel
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Characterization of biodegradable polymers with capacitive field-effect sensors
JF  - Sensors and actuators B: Chemical
N2  - In vitro studies of the degradation kinetic of biopolymers are essential for the design and optimization of implantable biomedical devices. In the presented work, a field-effect capacitive sensor has been applied for the real-time and in situ monitoring of degradation processes of biopolymers for the first time. The polymer-covered field-effect sensor is, in principle, capable to detect any changes in bulk, surface and interface properties of the polymer induced by degradation processes. The feasibility of this approach has been experimentally proven by using the commercially available biomedical polymer poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) as a model system. PDLLA films of different thicknesses were deposited on the Ta₂O₅-gate surface of the field-effect structure from a polymer solution by means of spin-coating method. The polymer-modified field-effect sensors have been characterized by means of capacitance–voltage and impedance-spectroscopy method. The degradation of the PDLLA was accelerated by changing the degradation medium from neutral (pH 7.2) to alkaline (pH 9) condition, resulting in drastic changes in the capacitance and impedance spectra of the polymer-modified field-effect sensor.
KW  - Impedance spectroscopy
KW  - C–V method
KW  - Real-time monitoring
KW  - Poly(d,l-lacticacid)
KW  - (Bio)degradation
KW  - Field-effect sensor
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.07.099
SN  - 0925-4005
N1  - Part of special issue "Selected Papers from the 14th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors"
VL  - 187
SP  - 2
EP  - 7
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schusser, Sebastian
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Bäcker, Matthias
A1  - Krischer, M.
A1  - Leinhos, Marcel
A1  - Wagner, P.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - An application of field-effect sensors for in-situ monitoring of degradation of biopolymers
JF  - Sensors and actuators B: Chemical
N2  - The characterization of the degradation kinetics of biodegradable polymers is mandatory with regard to their proper application. In the present work, polymer-modified electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (PMEIS) field-effect sensors have been applied for in-situ monitoring of the pH-dependent degradation kinetics of the commercially available biopolymer poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) in buffer solutions from pH 3 to pH 13. PDLLA films of 500 nm thickness were deposited on the surface of an Al–p-Si–SiO2–Ta2O5 structure from a polymer solution by means of spin-coating method. The PMEIS sensor is, in principle, capable to detect any changes in bulk, surface and interface properties of the polymer induced by degradation processes. A faster degradation has been observed for PDLLA films exposed to alkaline solutions (pH 9, pH 11 and pH 13).
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.10.058
SN  - 1873-3077 (E-Journal); 0925-4005 (Print)
VL  - 207, Part B
SP  - 954
EP  - 959
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schusser, Sebastian
A1  - Menzel, S.
A1  - Bäcker, Matthias
A1  - Leinhos, Marcel
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Wagner, P.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Degradation of thin poly(lactic acid) films: characterization by capacitance-voltage, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact-angle measurements
JF  - Electrochimica Acta
Y1  - 2013
SN  - 1873-3859 (E-Journal); 0013-4686 (Print)
VL  - Vol. 113
SP  - 779
EP  - 784
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schusser, Sebastian
A1  - Leinhos, Marcel
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
ED  - Abdelghani, Adnane
ED  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Biopolymer-degradation monitoring by chip-­based impedance spectroscopy technique
T2  - Nanoscale Science and Technology (NS&T´12) : Proceedings Book Humboldt Kolleg ; Tunisia, 17-19 March, 2012
Y1  - 2012
SP  - 47
EP  - 47
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schusser, Sebastian
A1  - Leinhos, Marcel
A1  - Bäcker, Matthias
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Impedance spectroscopy: A tool for real-time in situ monitoring of the degradation of biopolymers
JF  - Physica Status Solidi (A)
N2  - Investigation of the degradation kinetics of biodegradable polymers is essential for the development of implantable biomedical devices with predicted biodegradability. In this work, an impedimetric sensor has been applied for real-time and in situ monitoring of degradation processes of biopolymers. The sensor consists of two platinum thin-film electrodes covered by a polymer film to be studied. The benchmark biomedical polymer poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) was used as a model system. PDLLA films were deposited on the sensor structure from a polymer solution by using the spin-coating method. The degradation kinetics of PDLLA films have been studied in alkaline solutions of pH 9 and 12 by means of an impedance spectroscopy (IS) method. Any changes in a polymer capacitance/resistance induced by water uptake and/or polymer degradation will modulate the global impedance of the polymer-covered sensor that can be used as an indicator of the polymer degradation. The degradation rate can be evaluated from the time-dependent impedance spectra. As expected, a faster degradation has been observed for PDLLA films exposed to pH 12 solution.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201200941
SN  - 1521-396X ; 0031-8965
VL  - 210
IS  - 5
SP  - 905
EP  - 910
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schusser, Sebastian
A1  - Krischer, Maximillian
A1  - Bäcker, Matthias
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Monitoring of the Enzymatically Catalyzed Degradation of Biodegradable Polymers by Means of Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors
JF  - Analytical Chemistry
N2  - Designing novel or optimizing existing biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications requires numerous tests on the effect of substances on the degradation process. In the present work, polymer-modified electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (PMEIS) sensors have been applied for monitoring an enzymatically catalyzed degradation of polymers for the first time. The thin films of biodegradable polymer poly(d,l-lactic acid) and enzyme lipase were used as a model system. During degradation, the sensors were read-out by means of impedance spectroscopy. In order to interpret the data obtained from impedance measurements, an electrical equivalent circuit model was developed. In addition, morphological investigations of the polymer surface have been performed by means of in situ atomic force microscopy. The sensor signal change, which reflects the progress of degradation, indicates an accelerated degradation in the presence of the enzyme compared to hydrolysis in neutral pH buffer media. The degradation rate increases with increasing enzyme concentration. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of PMEIS sensors as a very promising tool for in situ and real-time monitoring of degradation of polymers.
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00617
SN  - 1520-6882
VL  - 87
IS  - 13
SP  - 6607
EP  - 6613
PB  - ACS Publications
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schusser, Sebastian
A1  - Krischer, M.
A1  - Molin, D. G. M.
A1  - Akker, N. M. S. van den
A1  - Bäcker, Matthias
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Sensor System for in-situ and Real-time Monitoring of Polymer (bio) degradation
JF  - Procedia Engineering
N2  - A sensor system for investigating (bio)degradationprocesses of polymers is presented. The system utilizes semiconductor field-effect sensors and is capable of monitoring the degradation process in-situ and in real-time. The degradation of the polymer poly(d,l-lactic acid) is exemplarily monitored in solutions with different pH value, pH-buffer solution containing the model enzyme lipase from Rhizomucormiehei and cell-culture medium containing supernatants from stimulated and non-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages mimicking activation of the immune system.
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.815
SN  - 1877-7058
N1  - Eurosensors 2015
VL  - 120
SP  - 948
EP  - 951
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schusser, Sebastian
A1  - Bäcker, Matthias
A1  - Krischer, M.
A1  - Wenzel, L.
A1  - Leinhos, Marcel
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Biselli, Manfred
A1  - Wagner, P.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Enzymatically catalyzed degradation of biodegradable polymers investigated by means of a semiconductor-based field-effect sensor
JF  - Procedia Engineering
N2  - A semiconductor field-effect device has been used for an enzymatically catalyzed degradation of biopolymers for the first time. This novel technique is capable to monitor the degradation process of multiple samples in situ and in real-time. As model system, the degradation of the biopolymer poly(D, L-lactic acid) has been monitored in the degradation medium containing the enzyme lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of capacitive field-effect sensors for degradation studies of biodegradable polymers.
KW  - Field-effect sensor
KW  - enzymatic (bio)degradation
KW  - poly(d, l-lactic acid)
KW  - in-situ monitoring
KW  - impedance spectroscopy
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.689
SN  - 1877-7058
N1  - EUROSENSORS 2014 ; European Conference on Solid-State Transducers <28, 2014>
VL  - 87
SP  - 1314
EP  - 1317
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Schusser, Sebastian
T1  - Sensor-based degradation monitoring for the evaluation of (bio)degradable polymers
Y1  - 2015
N1  - Universiteit Hasselt, FH Aachen, Dissertation, 2015;

Printausgabe in der Bibliothek vorhanden: 61 UWJ 5
PB  - Universiteit Hasselt ; FH Aachen
CY  - Hasselt ; Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schulze-Buxloh, Lina
A1  - Groß, Rolf Fritz
A1  - Ulbrich, Michelle
T1  - Digital planning using building information modelling and virtual reality: new approach for students’ remote practical training under lockdown conditions in the course of smart building engineering
T2  - Proceedings of International Conference on Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology 2021
N2  - The worldwide Corona pandemic has severely restricted student projects in the higher semesters of engineering courses. In order not to delay the graduation, a new concept had to be developed for projects under lockdown conditions. Therefore, unused rooms at the university should be digitally recorded in order to develop a new usage concept as laboratory rooms. An inventory of the actual state of the rooms was done first by taking photos and listing up all flaws and peculiarities. After that, a digital site measuring was done with a 360° laser scanner and these recorded scans were linked to a coherent point cloud and transferred to a software for planning technical building services and supporting Building Information Modelling (BIM). In order to better illustrate the difference between the actual and target state, two virtual reality models were created for realistic demonstration. During the project, the students had to go through the entire digital planning phases. Technical specifications had to be complied with, as well as documentation, time planning and cost estimate. This project turned out to be an excellent alternative to on-site practical training under lockdown conditions and increased the students’ motivation to deal with complex technical questions.
KW  - smart building engineering
KW  - building information modelling
KW  - virtual reality
KW  - lockdown conditions
KW  - emote practical training
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-1-952092-17-6
N1  - April 1-4, 2021 in Antalya, Turkey.
SP  - 118
EP  - 123
PB  - ISTES Organization
CY  - San Antonio, TX
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Schulze-Buxloh, Lina
A1  - Groß, Rolf Fritz
A1  - Cheng, Kevin Toni
T1  - Development and manufacturing of an interactive three-dimensional phase diagram of carbon dioxide for teaching sessions in thermodynamics
T2  - Proceedings of the International Conference The Future of Education 2020
Y1  - 2020
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schulze-Buxloh, Lina
A1  - Groß, Rolf Fritz
T1  - Miniature urban farming plant: a complex educational “Toy” for engineering students
T2  - The Future of Education 11th Edition 2021
N2  - Urban farming is an innovative and sustainable way of food production and is becoming more and more important in smart city and quarter concepts. It also enables the production of certain foods in places where they usually dare not produced, such as production of fish or shrimps in large cities far away from the coast. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to show students such concepts and systems in real life as part of courses: visits of such industry plants are sometimes not possible because of distance or are permitted by the operator for hygienic reasons. In order to give the students the opportunity of getting into contact with such an urban farming system and its complex operation, an industrial urban farming plant was set up on a significantly smaller scale. Therefore, all needed technical components like water aeriation, biological and mechanical filtration or water circulation have been replaced either by aquarium components or by self-designed parts also using a 3D-printer. Students from different courses like mechanical engineering, smart building engineering, biology, electrical engineering, automation technology and civil engineering were involved in this project. This “miniature industrial plant” was also able to start operation and has now been running for two years successfully. Due to Corona pandemic, home office and remote online lectures, the automation of this miniature plant should be brought to a higher level in future for providing a good control over the system and water quality remotely. The aim of giving the student a chance to get to know the operation of an urban farming plant was very well achieved and the students had lots of fun in “playing” and learning with it in a realistic way.
KW  - urban farming
KW  - food production
KW  - smart engineering
KW  - 3D printing
KW  - sustainability
Y1  - 2021
N1  - FOE 2021 : The Future of Education International Conference – Fully Virtual Edition; 01.07.2021-02.07.2021; Florence, Italy
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schulze-Buxloh, Lina
A1  - Groß, Rolf Fritz
T1  - Interdisciplinary Course Smart Building Engineering: A new approach of teaching freshmen in remote teamwork project under pandemic restrictions
T2  - New Perspectives in Science Education -International Conference (virtual event, 18-19 March 2021)
N2  - In the context of the Corona pandemic and its impact on teaching like digital lectures and exercises a new concept especially for freshmen in demanding courses of Smart Building Engineering became necessary. As there were hardly any face-to-face events at the university, the new teaching concept should enable a good start into engineering studies under pandemic conditions anyway and should also replace the written exam at the end. The students should become active themselves in small teams instead of listening passively to a lecture broadcast online with almost no personal contact. For this purpose, a role play was developed in which the freshmen had to work out a complete solution to the realistic problem of designing, construction planning and implementing a small guesthouse. Each student of the team had to take a certain role like architect, site manager, BIM-manager, electrician and the technitian for HVAC installations. Technical specifications must be complied with, as well as documentation, time planning and cost estimate. The final project folder had to contain technical documents like circuit diagrams for electrical components, circuit diagrams for water and heating, design calculations and components lists. On the other hand construction schedule, construction implementation plan, documentation of the construction progress and minutes of meetings between the various trades had to be submitted as well. In addition to the project folder, a model of the construction project must also be created either as a handmade model or as a digital 3D-model using Computer-aided design (CAD) software. The first steps in the field of Building information modelling (BIM) had also been taken by creating a digital model of the building showing the current planning status in real time as a digital twin. This project turned out to be an excellent training of important student competencies like teamwork, communication skills, and self -organisation and also increased motivation to work on complex technical questions. The aim of giving the student a first impression on the challenges and solutions in building projects with many different technical trades and their points of view was very well achieved and should be continued in the future.
KW  - Freshmen
KW  - roleplay
KW  - Smart Building Engineering
KW  - BIM
KW  - remote teamwork
Y1  - 2021
N1  - New Perspectives in Science Education - 10th Edition
18-19 March 2021
Fully Virtual Conference
PB  - Filodiritto
CY  - Bologna
ER  -