TY  - JOUR
A1  - Block, Simon
A1  - Viebahn, Peter
A1  - Jungbluth, Christian
T1  - Analysing direct air capture for enabling negative emissions in Germany: an assessment of the resource requirements and costs of a potential rollout in 2045
JF  - Frontiers in Climate
N2  - Direct air capture (DAC) combined with subsequent storage (DACCS) is discussed as one promising carbon dioxide removal option. The aim of this paper is to analyse and comparatively classify the resource consumption (land use, renewable energy and water) and costs of possible DAC implementation pathways for Germany. The paths are based on a selected, existing climate neutrality scenario that requires the removal of 20 Mt of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year by DACCS from 2045. The analysis focuses on the so-called “low-temperature” DAC process, which might be more advantageous for Germany than the “high-temperature” one. In four case studies, we examine potential sites in northern, central and southern Germany, thereby using the most suitable renewable energies for electricity and heat generation. We show that the deployment of DAC results in large-scale land use and high energy needs. The land use in the range of 167–353 km2 results mainly from the area required for renewable energy generation. The total electrical energy demand of 14.4 TWh per year, of which 46% is needed to operate heat pumps to supply the heat demand of the DAC process, corresponds to around 1.4% of Germany's envisaged electricity demand in 2045. 20 Mt of water are provided yearly, corresponding to 40% of the city of Cologne‘s water demand (1.1 million inhabitants). The capture of CO2 (DAC) incurs levelised costs of 125–138 EUR per tonne of CO2, whereby the provision of the required energy via photovoltaics in southern Germany represents the lowest value of the four case studies. This does not include the costs associated with balancing its volatility. Taking into account transporting the CO2 via pipeline to the port of Wilhelmshaven, followed by transporting and sequestering the CO2 in geological storage sites in the Norwegian North Sea (DACCS), the levelised costs increase to 161–176 EUR/tCO2. Due to the longer transport distances from southern and central Germany, a northern German site using wind turbines would be the most favourable.
KW  - rollout
KW  - economics
KW  - Germany
KW  - negative emissions
KW  - carbon dioxide removal
KW  - climate neutrality
KW  - DAC
KW  - direct air capture
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1353939
SN  - 2624-9553
VL  - 6
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kuperjans, Isabel
A1  - Starke, M.
A1  - Esser, J.
A1  - Meyer, J.
A1  - Donner, O.
T1  - Analyse und Konzeption von Energieanlagen unter ökologischen, wirtschaftlichen und technischen Gesichtspunkten
JF  - WLB : Umwelttechnik für Industrie und Kommune
Y1  - 2000
SN  - 0341-2679
VL  - 44
IS  - 11/12
SP  - 26
EP  - 29
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cheenakula, Dheeraja
A1  - Hoffstadt, Kevin
A1  - Krafft, Simone
A1  - Reinecke, Diana
A1  - Klose, Holger
A1  - Kuperjans, Isabel
A1  - Grömping, Markus
T1  - Anaerobic digestion of algal–bacterial biomass of an Algal Turf Scrubber system
JF  - Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
N2  - This study investigated the anaerobic digestion of an algal–bacterial biofilm grown in artificial wastewater in an Algal Turf Scrubber (ATS). The ATS system was located in a greenhouse (50°54′19ʺN, 6°24′55ʺE, Germany) and was exposed to seasonal conditions during the experiment period. The methane (CH4) potential of untreated algal–bacterial biofilm (UAB) and thermally pretreated biofilm (PAB) using different microbial inocula was determined by anaerobic batch fermentation. Methane productivity of UAB differed significantly between microbial inocula of digested wastepaper, a mixture of manure and maize silage, anaerobic sewage sludge, and percolated green waste. UAB using sewage sludge as inoculum showed the highest methane productivity. The share of methane in biogas was dependent on inoculum. Using PAB, a strong positive impact on methane productivity was identified for the digested wastepaper (116.4%) and a mixture of manure and maize silage (107.4%) inocula. By contrast, the methane yield was significantly reduced for the digested anaerobic sewage sludge (50.6%) and percolated green waste (43.5%) inocula. To further evaluate the potential of algal–bacterial biofilm for biogas production in wastewater treatment and biogas plants in a circular bioeconomy, scale-up calculations were conducted. It was found that a 0.116 km2 ATS would be required in an average municipal wastewater treatment plant which can be viewed as problematic in terms of space consumption. However, a substantial amount of energy surplus (4.7–12.5 MWh a−1) can be gained through the addition of algal–bacterial biomass to the anaerobic digester of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Wastewater treatment and subsequent energy production through algae show dominancy over conventional technologies.
KW  - Biogas
KW  - Methane
KW  - Algal Turf Scrubber
KW  - Algal–bacterial bioflm
KW  - Circular bioeconomy
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03236-z
SN  - 2190-6823
N1  - Corresponding author: Dheeraja Cheenakula
VL  - 13
SP  - 15 Seiten
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  -