TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bernecker, Andreas
A1  - Boyer, Pierre C.
A1  - Gathmann, Christina
T1  - The Role of Electoral Incentives for Policy Innovation: Evidence from the US Welfare Reform
JF  - American Economic Journal: Economic Policy
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20190690
SN  - 1945-774X
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
SP  - 26
EP  - 57
PB  - American Economic Association
CY  - Nashville, Tenn.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tran, Duc Hung
A1  - Ebeling, Felix
T1  - Die risikoadäquate Bestimmung von Eigenkapitalkosten bei konzerninternen Routinefunktionen
JF  - Der Betrieb
N2  - Eigenkapitalkosten sind eine wesentliche Determinante bei der Wertbestimmung von Unternehmen und Unternehmensteilen. Die Eigenkapitalkosten werden regelmäßig mittels des CAPM bestimmt. Für sog. konzerninterne Routinefunktionen mit geringem Risiko stellt diese Bestimmung mittels CAPM ein Problem dar, da börsennotierte Peergroups für eine zuverlässige Bestimmung des Beta-Faktors meist nicht identifizierbar sind. Damit ergeben sich bei Bewertungen von Routineunternehmen Unsicherheiten und Konfliktpotenzial in steuerlichen Betriebsprüfungen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick der in der Praxis genutzten Ansätze und stellt eine theoretische Fundierung zur Bestimmung der Eigenkapitalkosten von konzerninternen Routinefunktionen vor. Dabei wird verdeutlicht, dass Eigenkapitalkosten von konzerninternen Routinefunktionen nicht denen des Gesamtkonzerns entsprechen und Praktikeransätze eine grundsätzliche Berechtigung besitzen.
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 0005-9935
VL  - 74
IS  - 29
SP  - 1553
EP  - 1560
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hugenroth, Kristin
A1  - Borchardt, Ralf
A1  - Ritter, Philine
A1  - Groß‑Hardt, Sascha
A1  - Meyns, Bart
A1  - Verbelen, Tom
A1  - Steinseifer, Ulrich
A1  - Kaufmann, Tim A. S.
A1  - Engelmann, Ulrich M.
T1  - Optimizing cerebral perfusion and hemodynamics during cardiopulmonary bypass through cannula design combining in silico, in vitro and in vivo input
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a standard technique for cardiac surgery, but comes with the risk of severe neurological complications (e.g. stroke) caused by embolisms and/or reduced cerebral perfusion. We report on an aortic cannula prototype design (optiCAN) with helical outflow and jet-splitting dispersion tip that could reduce the risk of embolic events and restores cerebral perfusion to 97.5% of physiological flow during CPB in vivo, whereas a commercial curved-tip cannula yields 74.6%. In further in vitro comparison, pressure loss and hemolysis parameters of optiCAN remain unaffected. Results are reproducibly confirmed in silico for an exemplary human aortic anatomy via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Based on CFD simulations, we firstly show that optiCAN design improves aortic root washout, which reduces the risk of thromboembolism. Secondly, we identify regions of the aortic intima with increased risk of plaque release by correlating areas of enhanced plaque growth and high wall shear stresses (WSS). From this we propose another easy-to-manufacture cannula design (opti2CAN) that decreases areas burdened by high WSS, while preserving physiological cerebral flow and favorable hemodynamics. With this novel cannula design, we propose a cannulation option to reduce neurological complications and the prevalence of stroke in high-risk patients after CPB.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96397-2
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 11
IS  - Art. No. 16800
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brockhaus, Moritz K.
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Muris, Farina
A1  - Jansen, Sebastian V.
A1  - Schmitz- Rode, Thomas
A1  - Steinseifer, Ulrich
A1  - Clauser, Johanna C.
T1  - In vitro thrombogenicity testing of pulsatile mechanical circulatory support systems: Design and proof-of-concept
JF  - Artificial Organs
N2  - Thrombogenic complications are a main issue in mechanical circulatory support (MCS). There is no validated in vitro method available to quantitatively assess the thrombogenic performance of pulsatile MCS devices under realistic hemodynamic conditions. The aim of this study is to propose a method to evaluate the thrombogenic potential of new designs without the use of complex in-vivo trials. This study presents a novel in vitro method for reproducible thrombogenicity testing of pulsatile MCS systems using low molecular weight heparinized porcine blood. Blood parameters are continuously measured with full blood thromboelastometry (ROTEM; EXTEM, FIBTEM and a custom-made analysis HEPNATEM). Thrombus formation is optically observed after four hours of testing. The results of three experiments are presented each with two parallel loops. The area of thrombus formation inside the MCS device was reproducible. The implantation of a filter inside the loop catches embolizing thrombi without a measurable increase of platelet activation, allowing conclusions of the place of origin of thrombi inside the device. EXTEM and FIBTEM parameters such as clotting velocity (α) and maximum clot firmness (MCF) show a total decrease by around 6% with a characteristic kink after 180 minutes. HEPNATEM α and MCF rise within the first 180 minutes indicate a continuously increasing activation level of coagulation. After 180 minutes, the consumption of clotting factors prevails, resulting in a decrease of α and MCF. With the designed mock loop and the presented protocol we are able to identify thrombogenic hot spots inside a pulsatile pump and characterize their thrombogenic potential.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.14046
SN  - 1525-1594
VL  - 45
IS  - 12
SP  - 1513
EP  - 1521
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Leise, Philipp
A1  - Eßer, Arved
A1  - Eichenlaub, Tobias
A1  - Schleiffer, Jean-Eric
A1  - Altherr, Lena
A1  - Rinderknecht, Stephan
A1  - Pelz, Peter F.
T1  - Sustainable system design of electric powertrains - comparison of optimization methods
JF  - Engineering Optimization
N2  - The transition within transportation towards battery electric vehicles can lead to a more sustainable future. To account for the development goal ‘climate action’ stated by the United Nations, it is mandatory, within the conceptual design phase, to derive energy-efficient system designs. One barrier is the uncertainty of the driving behaviour within the usage phase. This uncertainty is often addressed by using a stochastic synthesis process to derive representative driving cycles and by using cycle-based optimization. To deal with this uncertainty, a new approach based on a stochastic optimization program is presented. This leads to an optimization model that is solved with an exact solver. It is compared to a system design approach based on driving cycles and a genetic algorithm solver. Both approaches are applied to find efficient electric powertrains with fixed-speed and multi-speed transmissions. Hence, the similarities, differences and respective advantages of each optimization procedure are discussed.
KW  - Powertrain
KW  - stochastic optimization
KW  - global optimization
KW  - genetic algorithm
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/0305215X.2021.1928660
SN  - 0305-215X
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grundlach, Michael
A1  - Baumann, Martin
A1  - Engelmann, Ulrich M.
ED  - Dössel, Olaf
T1  - How Multimodal Examinations Can Increase Sustainable Student Gain by Aligning Teaching and Assessment
JF  - Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering
N2  - Modern industry and multi-discipline projects require highly trained individuals with resilient science and engineering back-grounds. Graduates must be able to agilely apply excellent theoretical knowledge in their subject matter as well as essential practical “hands-on” knowledge of diverse working processes to solve complex problems. To meet these demands, university education follows the concept of Constructive Alignment and thus increasingly adopts the teaching of necessary practical skills to the actual industry requirements and assessment routines. However, a systematic approach to coherently align these three central teaching demands is strangely absent from current university curricula. We demonstrate the feasibility of implementing practical assessments in a regular theory-based examination, thus defining the term “blended assessment”. We assessed a course for natural science and engineering students pursuing a career in biomedical engineering, and evaluated the benefit of blended assessment exams for students and lecturers. Our controlled study assessed the physiological background of electrocardiograms (ECGs), the practical measurement of ECG curves, and their interpretation of basic pathologic alterations. To study on long time effects, students have been assessed on the topic twice with a time lag of 6 months. Our findings suggest a significant improvement in student gain with respect to practical skills and theoretical knowledge. The results of the reassessments support these outcomes. From the lecturers ́ point of view, blended assessment complements practical training courses while keeping organizational effort manageable. We consider blended assessment a viable tool for providing an improved student gain, industry-ready education format that should be evaluated and established further to prepare university graduates optimally for their future careers.
KW  - constructive alignment
KW  - examination
KW  - long-term retention
KW  - multimodal
KW  - practical learning
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 2364-5504
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-2019
VL  - 7
IS  - 7/2
SP  - 73
EP  - 76
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engemann, Heiko
A1  - Cönen, Patrick
A1  - Dawar, Harshal
A1  - Du, Shengzhi
A1  - Kallweit, Stephan
T1  - A robot-assisted large-scale inspection of wind turbine blades in manufacturing using an autonomous mobile manipulator
JF  - Applied Sciences
N2  - Wind energy represents the dominant share of renewable energies. The rotor blades of a wind turbine are typically made from composite material, which withstands high forces during rotation. The huge dimensions of the rotor blades complicate the inspection processes in manufacturing. The automation of inspection processes has a great potential to increase the overall productivity and to create a consistent reliable database for each individual rotor blade. The focus of this paper is set on the process of rotor blade inspection automation by utilizing an autonomous mobile manipulator. The main innovations include a novel path planning strategy for zone-based navigation, which enables an intuitive right-hand or left-hand driving behavior in a shared human–robot workspace. In addition, we introduce a new method for surface orthogonal motion planning in connection with large-scale structures. An overall execution strategy controls the navigation and manipulation processes of the long-running inspection task. The implemented concepts are evaluated in simulation and applied in a real-use case including the tip of a rotor blade form.
KW  - mobile manipulation
KW  - large-scale inspection
KW  - wind turbine production
KW  - autonomous navigation
KW  - surface-orthogonal path planning
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199271
SN  - 2076-3417
N1  - Belongs to the Special Issue "Advances in Industrial Robotics and Intelligent Systems"
VL  - 11
IS  - 19
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oliveira, Danilo A.
A1  - Molinnus, Denise
A1  - Beging, Stefan
A1  - Siqueira Jr, José R.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Biosensor Based on Self-Assembled Films of Graphene Oxide and Polyaniline Using a Field-Effect Device Platform
JF  - physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science
N2  - A new functionalization method to modify capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) structures with nanofilms is presented. Layers of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and graphene oxide (GO) with the compound polyaniline:poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PANI:PAAMPSA) are deposited onto a p-Si/SiO2 chip using the layer-by-layer technique (LbL). Two different enzymes (urease and penicillinase) are separately immobilized on top of a five-bilayer stack of the PAH:GO/PANI:PAAMPSA-modified EIS chip, forming a biosensor for detection of urea and penicillin, respectively. Electrochemical characterization is performed by constant capacitance (ConCap) measurements, and the film morphology is characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An increase in the average sensitivity of the modified biosensors (EIS–nanofilm–enzyme) of around 15% is found in relation to sensors, only carrying the enzyme but without the nanofilm (EIS–enzyme). In this sense, the nanofilm acts as a stable bioreceptor onto the EIS chip improving the output signal in terms of sensitivity and stability.
KW  - capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor sensors
KW  - graphene oxide
KW  - layer-by-layer technique
KW  - nanomaterials
KW  - polyaniline
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202000747
SN  - 1862-6319
N1  - Corresponding author: José R. Siqueira Jr & Michael J. Schöning
VL  - 218
IS  - 13
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Welden, Rene
A1  - Nagamine Komesu, Cindy A.
A1  - Wagner, Patrick H.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
T1  - Photoelectrochemical enzymatic penicillin biosensor: A proof-of-concept experiment
JF  - Electrochemical Science Advances
N2  - Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors are a rather novel type of biosensors thatutilizelighttoprovideinformationaboutthecompositionofananalyte,enablinglight-controlled multi-analyte measurements. For enzymatic PEC biosensors,amperometric detection principles are already known in the literature. In con-trast, there is only a little information on H+-ion sensitive PEC biosensors. Inthis work, we demonstrate the detection of H+ions emerged by H+-generatingenzymes, exemplarily demonstrated with penicillinase as a model enzyme on atitanium dioxide photoanode. First, we describe the pH sensitivity of the sensorand study possible photoelectrocatalytic reactions with penicillin. Second, weshow the enzymatic PEC detection of penicillin.
KW  - enzymatic biosensor
KW  - penicillin
KW  - penicillinase
KW  - photoelectrochemistry
KW  - titanium dioxide photoanode
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.202100131
SN  - 2698-5977
N1  - Corresponding author: Michael J. Schöning
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Richter, Charlotte
A1  - Braunstein, Bjoern
A1  - Staeudle, Benjamin
A1  - Attias, Julia
A1  - Suess, Alexander
A1  - Weber, Tobias
A1  - Mileva, Katya N.
A1  - Rittweger, Joern
A1  - Green, David A.
A1  - Albracht, Kirsten
T1  - Contractile behavior of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle during running in simulated hypogravity
JF  - npj Microgravity
N2  - Vigorous exercise countermeasures in microgravity can largely attenuate muscular degeneration, albeit the extent of applied loading is key for the extent of muscle wasting. Running on the International Space Station is usually performed with maximum loads of 70% body weight (0.7 g). However, it has not been investigated how the reduced musculoskeletal loading affects muscle and series elastic element dynamics, and thereby force and power generation. Therefore, this study examined the effects of running on the vertical treadmill facility, a ground-based analog, at simulated 0.7 g on gastrocnemius medialis contractile behavior. The results reveal that fascicle−series elastic element behavior differs between simulated hypogravity and 1 g running. Whilst shorter peak series elastic element lengths at simulated 0.7 g appear to be the result of lower muscular and gravitational forces acting on it, increased fascicle lengths and decreased velocities could not be anticipated, but may inform the development of optimized running training in hypogravity. However, whether the alterations in contractile behavior precipitate musculoskeletal degeneration warrants further study.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-021-00155-7
SN  - 2373-8065
N1  - Corresponding author: Charlotte Richter
VL  - 7
IS  - Article number: 32
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Olbertz, Klaus
T1  - Die Dienstreisezeit als Arbeitszeit – oder doch nicht? : Zur arbeitgeberfreundlichen Bewertung von Dienstreisezeiten durch das Bundesarbeitsgericht
JF  - NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht
N2  - Der arbeitsrechtlich richtige Umgang mit Zeiten einer Dienstreise kann in der betrieblichen Praxis Probleme bereiten. Ob die Reisezeiten als solche Arbeitszeit i. S.  des Arbeitszeitgesetzes (ArbZG ) darstellen, also bspw. auf die tägliche Höchstarbeitszeit angerechnet werden müssen oder nicht, ist oftmals genauso unklar wie die Frage, ob und inwieweit Reisezeiten vergütungspflichtig sind. Aber auch, ob ein Arbeitnehmer überhaupt zur Durchführung einer Dienstreise verpflichtet werden kann, ist ein möglicher Anlass von Streitigkeiten zwischen den Arbeitsvertragsparteien, wie verschiedene Gerichtsentscheidungen zeigen. Der nachfolgende Beitrag beantwortet die aufgeworfenen Fragen und gibt hierzu einen praxisorientierten Überblick.
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 0028-3460
IS  - 1
SP  - 38
EP  - 44
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinke, Lars N.
A1  - Knicker, Axel J.
A1  - Albracht, Kirsten
T1  - Test-retest reliability of the internal shoulder rotator muscles' stretch reflex in healthy men
JF  - Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
N2  - Until now the reproducibility of the short latency stretch reflex of the internal rotator muscles of the glenohumeral joint has not been identified. Twenty-three healthy male participants performed three sets of external shoulder rotation stretches with various pre-activation levels on two different dates of measurement to assess test-retest reliability. All stretches were applied with a dynamometer acceleration of 104°/s2 and a velocity of 150°/s. Electromyographical response was measured via surface EMG. Reflex latencies showed a pre-activation effect (ƞ2 = 0,355). ICC ranged from 0,735 to 0,909 indicating an overall “good” relative reliability. SRD 95% lay between ±7,0 to ±12,3 ms.. The reflex gain showed overall poor test-retest reproducibility. The chosen methodological approach presented a suitable test protocol for shoulder muscles stretch reflex latency evaluation. A proof-of-concept study to validate the presented methodical approach in shoulder involvement including subjects with clinically relevant conditions is recommended.
KW  - stretch reflex
KW  - shoulder
KW  - test-retest reliability
KW  - intraclass correlation coefficient
KW  - standard error of measurement
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102611
SN  - 1050-6411
VL  - 62
IS  - Article 102611
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heel, Mareike van
A1  - Dikta, Gerhard
A1  - Braekers, Roel
T1  - Bootstrap based goodness‑of‑fit tests for binary multivariate regression models
JF  - Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
N2  - We consider a binary multivariate regression model where the conditional expectation of a binary variable given a higher-dimensional input variable belongs to a parametric family. Based on this, we introduce a model-based bootstrap (MBB) for higher-dimensional input variables. This test can be used to check whether a sequence of independent and identically distributed observations belongs to such a parametric family. The approach is based on the empirical residual process introduced by Stute (Ann Statist 25:613–641, 1997). In contrast to Stute and Zhu’s approach (2002) Stute & Zhu (Scandinavian J Statist 29:535–545, 2002), a transformation is not required. Thus, any problems associated with non-parametric regression estimation are avoided. As a result, the MBB method is much easier for users to implement. To illustrate the power of the MBB based tests, a small simulation study is performed. Compared to the approach of Stute & Zhu (Scandinavian J Statist 29:535–545, 2002), the simulations indicate a slightly improved power of the MBB based method. Finally, both methods are applied to a real data set.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42952-021-00142-4
SN  - 2005-2863 (Online)
SN  - 1226-3192 (Print)
N1  - Corresponding author: Mareike van Heel
VL  - 51
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Singapur
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Timme, Michael
T1  - Rechtsprechungsübersicht zum Wohnraummietrecht
JF  - Monatsschrift für Deutsches Recht
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.9785/mdtr-2021-750113
SN  - 2194-4202
VL  - 75
IS  - 1
SP  - 6
EP  - 11
PB  - Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt
CY  - Köln
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zabirov, Alexander
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Bucherer, Sebastian
T1  - Füge- und Dichtkonzept für einen Leichtbauverbrennungsmotor
JF  - adhäsion KLEBEN & DICHTEN
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s35145-021-0531-5
SN  - 2192-8681
VL  - 65
IS  - 11
SP  - 12
EP  - 19
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Olbertz, Klaus
T1  - Wichtige arbeitsrechtliche Entwicklungen im Jahr 2020 : Der Jahresrückblick auf alles Wissenswerte im Arbeitsrecht des vergangenen Jahres
JF  - NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht
N2  - Im Anschluss an die arbeitsrechtlichen Jahresübersichten der vergangenen Jahre (NWB 5/2019 S. 266; NWB 8/2020 S. 557) gibt der nachfolgende Beitrag einen Überblick über relevante Entwicklungen im Arbeitsrecht des Jahres 2020. Der erste Teil beschäftigt sich hierbei mit gesetzlichen Änderungen. Neben Regelungen, die auf die COVID-19-Pandemie zurückgeführt werden können, hat der Gesetzgeber auch andere Vorhaben umgesetzt. So wurde u. a. das Arbeitnehmerentsenderecht reformiert. Für Diskussionen sorgt(e) zudem das Gesetzesvorhaben zur Regelung mobiler Arbeit. Im zweiten Teil werden für die Praxis wichtige höchstrichterliche Gerichtsentscheidungen zum Arbeitsrecht erläutert, alphabetisch sortiert von A (wie Antidiskriminierungsrecht) bis U (wie Urlaub).
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 0028-3460
IS  - 10
SP  - 703
EP  - 715
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Olbertz, Klaus
T1  - Die Flexibilisierung von Arbeitszeit durch den Abruf von Arbeit : Möglichkeiten und Grenzen arbeitsvertraglicher Gestaltung zur Vermeidung von „Leerlaufzeiten“
JF  - NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht
N2  - Die Arbeitswelt ist im Umbruch. Der Bedarf an flexiblen Arbeitszeitmodellen nimmt stetig zu, wobei die Corona-Pandemie dieses Bedürfnis nochmals verschärft hat. Gerade auch in kleineren und mittleren Unternehmen wächst die Notwendigkeit, den Einsatz der Beschäftigten möglichst bedarfsgerecht zu steuern, also bei guter Auftragslage mehr Arbeitszeit abzurufen und bei ausbleibenden Aufträgen die Arbeitszeit zu reduzieren und somit bezahlte „Leerlaufzeiten“ zu vermeiden. Der Gesetzgeber stellt den Arbeitgebern hierfür das Instrument der sog. Abrufarbeit ( § 12 Teilzeit- und Befristungsgesetz – TzBfG ) zur Verfügung. In dem nachfolgenden Beitrag werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Abrufarbeit skizziert und konkrete arbeitsvertragliche Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt.
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 0028-3460
IS  - 15
SP  - 1055
EP  - 1063
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Olbertz, Klaus
T1  - Vertragsgestaltungen bei der Beschäftigung von Rentnern in Unternehmen : (Befristete) Beschäftigungsverhältnisse als sinnvolles Instrument zum Schließen von Personallücken
JF  - NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 0028-3460
IS  - 25
SP  - 1810
EP  - 1817
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Braun, Sebastian
A1  - Cheng, Chi-Tsun
A1  - Dowey, Steve
A1  - Wollert, Jörg
T1  - Performance evaluation of skill-based order-assignment in production environments with multi-agent systems
JF  - IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics
N2  - The fourth industrial revolution introduces disruptive technologies to production environments. One of these technologies are multi-agent systems (MASs), where agents virtualize machines. However, the agent's actual performances in production environments can hardly be estimated as most research has been focusing on isolated projects and specific scenarios. We address this gap by implementing a highly connected and configurable reference model with quantifiable key performance indicators (KPIs) for production scheduling and routing in single-piece workflows. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm to optimize the search of extrema in highly connected distributed systems. The benefits, limits, and drawbacks of MASs and their performances are evaluated extensively by event-based simulations against the introduced model, which acts as a benchmark. Even though the performance of the proposed MAS is, on average, slightly lower than the reference system, the increased flexibility allows it to find new solutions and deliver improved factory-planning outcomes. Our MAS shows an emerging behavior by using flexible production techniques to correct errors and compensate for bottlenecks. This increased flexibility offers substantial improvement potential. The general model in this paper allows the transfer of the results to estimate real systems or other models.
KW  - cyber-physical production systems
KW  - event-based simulation
KW  - multi-agent systems
KW  - digital factory
KW  - industrial agents
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2021.3108524
SN  - 2687-9735
IS  - Early Access
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jildeh, Zaid B.
A1  - Wagner, Patrick H.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Sterilization of Objects, Products, and Packaging Surfaces and Their Characterization in Different Fields of Industry: The Status in 2020
JF  - physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science
N2  - The treatment method to deactivate viable microorganisms from objects or products is termed sterilization. There are multiple forms of sterilization, each intended to be applied for a specific target, which depends on—but not limited to—the thermal, physical, and chemical stability of that target. Herein, an overview on the currently used sterilization processes in the global market is provided. Different sterilization techniques are grouped under a category that describes the method of treatment: radiation (gamma, electron beam, X-ray, and ultraviolet), thermal (dry and moist heat), and chemical (ethylene oxide, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide). For each sterilization process, the typical process parameters as defined by regulations and the mode of antimicrobial activity are summarized. Finally, the recommended microorganisms that are used as biological indicators to validate sterilization processes in accordance with the rules that are established by various regulatory agencies are summarized.
KW  - bioburdens
KW  - sterility tests
KW  - sterilization efficacy
KW  - sterilization methods
KW  - validation methods
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202000732
SN  - 1862-6319
N1  - Corresponding author: Michael J. Schöning
VL  - 218
IS  - 13
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Molinnus, Denise
A1  - Drinic, Aleksander
A1  - Iken, Heiko
A1  - Kröger, Nadja
A1  - Zinser, Max
A1  - Smeets, Ralf
A1  - Köpf, Marius
A1  - Kopp, Alexander
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Towards a flexible electrochemical biosensor fabricated from biocompatible Bombyx mori silk
JF  - Biosensors and Bioelectronics
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.113204
SN  - 0956-5663
VL  - 183
IS  - Art. 113204
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fissabre, Anke
T1  - Ein pazifistisches Kriegerdenkmal der Moderne. Das Totenkreuz von Rudolf Schwarz
JF  - In situ: Zeitschrift für Architekturgeschichte
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 1866-959X
N1  - gedruckt in der Bereichsbibliothek Bayernallee unter der Signatur 13 Z 959 vorhanden
IS  - 1
SP  - 127
EP  - 138
PB  - Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft
CY  - Worms
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Georg, Jörg Heiner
A1  - Stollenwerk, Dominik
A1  - Reinkensmeier, Sebastian
A1  - Jungbluth, Christian
T1  - „Smartes“ Laden an öffentlich zugänglichen Ladesäulen – Teil 1: Quo vadis, Marktdesign?
JF  - Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen : et ; Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Recht, Technik und Umwelt
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 0720-6240
SN  - 0013-743X
VL  - 71
IS  - 1/2
SP  - 64
EP  - 69
PB  - ETV Energieverlag
CY  - Essen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stollenwerk, Dominik
A1  - Reinkensmeier, Sebastian
A1  - Georg, Jörg Heiner
A1  - Jungbluth, Christian
T1  - „Smartes“ Laden an öffentlich zugänglichen Ladesäulen – Teil 2: USER-Verhalten und -Erwartungen
JF  - Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen : et ; Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Recht, Technik und Umwelt
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 0720-6240
SN  - 0013-743X
VL  - 71
IS  - 3
SP  - 38
EP  - 42
PB  - ETV Energieverlag
CY  - Essen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hennes, Philipp
A1  - Laumann, Jörg
T1  - Ansatz der Drehbehinderung aus Koppelpfetten mit dünnwandigen kaltgeformten Z-Profilen
JF  - Stahlbau
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/stab.202000104
SN  - 1437-1049
VL  - 90
IS  - 3
SP  - 158
EP  - 168
PB  - Ernst & Sohn
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yoshinobu, Tatsuo
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) for cell monitoring and biosensing
JF  - Current Opinion in Electrochemistry
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100727
SN  - 2451-9103
IS  - In Press, Journal Pre-proof
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maurischat, Andreas
T1  - Algebraic independence of the Carlitz period and its hyperderivatives
KW  - Drinfeld modules
KW  - t-modules
KW  - Transcendence
KW  - Hyperdifferentials
Y1  - 2021
N1  - Zweitveröffentlichung.
Verlagsveröffentlichung: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnt.2022.01.006
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wert, Stefan
A1  - Iken, Heiko
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Matysik, Frank-Michael
T1  - Development of a temperature‐pulse enhanced electrochemical glucose biosensor and characterization of its stability via scanning electrochemical microscopy
JF  - Electroanalysis
N2  - Glucose oxidase (GOx) is an enzyme frequently used in glucose biosensors. As increased temperatures can enhance the performance of electrochemical sensors, we investigated the impact of temperature pulses on GOx that was drop-coated on flattened Pt microwires. The wires were heated by an alternating current. The sensitivity towards glucose and the temperature stability of GOx was investigated by amperometry. An up to 22-fold increase of sensitivity was observed. Spatially resolved enzyme activity changes were investigated via scanning electrochemical microscopy. The application of short (<100 ms) heat pulses was associated with less thermal inactivation of the immobilized GOx than long-term heating.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.202100089
SN  - 1521-4109
IS  - Early View
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lowis, Carsten
A1  - Ferguson, Simon
A1  - Paulßen, Elisabeth
A1  - Hoehr, Cornelia
T1  - Improved Sc-44 production in a siphon-style liquid target on a medical cyclotron
JF  - Applied Radiation and Isotopes
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109675
SN  - 0969-8043
VL  - 172
IS  - Art. 109675
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Waldvogel, Janice
A1  - Ritzmann, Ramona
A1  - Freyler, Kathrin
A1  - Helm, Michael
A1  - Monti, Elena
A1  - Albracht, Kirsten
A1  - Stäudle, Benjamin
A1  - Gollhofer, Albert
A1  - Narici, Marco
T1  - The Anticipation of Gravity in Human Ballistic Movement
JF  - Frontiers in Physiology
N2  - Stretch-shortening type actions are characterized by lengthening of the pre-activated muscle-tendon unit (MTU) in the eccentric phase immediately followed by muscle shortening. Under 1 g, pre-activity before and muscle activity after ground contact, scale muscle stiffness, which is crucial for the recoil properties of the MTU in the subsequent push-off. This study aimed to examine the neuro-mechanical coupling of the stretch-shortening cycle in response to gravity levels ranging from 0.1 to 2 g. During parabolic flights, 17 subjects performed drop jumps while electromyography (EMG) of the lower limb muscles was combined with ultrasound images of the gastrocnemius medialis, 2D kinematics and kinetics to depict changes in energy management and performance. Neuro-mechanical coupling in 1 g was characterized by high magnitudes of pre-activity and eccentric muscle activity allowing an isometric muscle behavior during ground contact. EMG during pre-activity and the concentric phase systematically increased from 0.1 to 1 g. Below 1 g the EMG in the eccentric phase was diminished, leading to muscle lengthening and reduced MTU stretches. Kinetic energy at take-off and performance were decreased compared to 1 g. Above 1 g, reduced EMG in the eccentric phase was accompanied by large MTU and muscle stretch, increased joint flexion amplitudes, energy loss and reduced performance. The energy outcome function established by linear mixed model reveals that the central nervous system regulates the extensor muscles phase- and load-specifically. In conclusion, neuro-mechanical coupling appears to be optimized in 1 g. Below 1 g, the energy outcome is compromised by reduced muscle stiffness. Above 1 g, loading progressively induces muscle lengthening, thus facilitating energy dissipation.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.614060
SN  - 1664-042X
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bohndick, Carla
A1  - Bosse, Elke
A1  - Jänsch, Vanessa K.
A1  - Barnat, Miriam
T1  - How different diversity factors affect the perception of first-year requirements in higher education
JF  - Frontline Learning Research
N2  - In the light of growing university entry rates, higher education institutions not only serve larger numbers of students, but also seek to meet first-year students’ ever more diverse needs. Yet to inform universities how to support the transition to higher education, research only offers limited insights. Current studies tend to either focus on the individual factors that affect student success or they highlight students’ social background and their educational biography in order to examine the achievement of selected, non-traditional groups of students. Both lines of research appear to lack integration and often fail to take organisational diversity into account, such as different types of higher education institutions or degree programmes. For a more comprehensive understanding of student diversity, the present study includes individual, social and organisational factors. To gain insights into their role for the transition to higher education, we examine how the different factors affect the students’ perception of the formal and informal requirements of the first year as more or less difficult to cope with. As the perceived requirements result from both the characteristics of the students and the institutional context, they allow to investigate transition at the interface of the micro and the meso level of higher education. Latent profile analyses revealed that there are no profiles with complex patterns of perception of the first-year requirements, but the identified groups rather differ in the overall level of perceived challenges. Moreover, SEM indicates that the differences in the perception largely depend on the individual factors self-efficacy and volition.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v9i2.667
SN  - 2295-3159
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 78
EP  - 95
PB  - EARLI
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hugenroth, Kristin
A1  - Neidlin, Michael
A1  - Engelmann, Ulrich M.
A1  - Kaufmann, Tim A. S.
A1  - Steinseifer, Ulrich
A1  - Heilmann, Torsten
T1  - Tipless Transseptal Cannula Concept Combines Improved Hemodynamic Properties and Risk‐Reduced Placement: an In Silico Proof‐of‐Concept
JF  - Artificial Organs
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.13964
SN  - 1525-1594
IS  - Accepted Article
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Givanoudi, Stella
A1  - Cornelis, Peter
A1  - Rasschaert, Geertrui
A1  - Wackers, Gideon
A1  - Iken, Heiko
A1  - Rolka, David
A1  - Yongabi, Derick
A1  - Robbens, Johan
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Heyndrickx, Marc
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
T1  - Selective Campylobacter detection and quantification in poultry: A sensor tool for detecting the cause of a common zoonosis at its source
JF  - Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.129484
SN  - 0925-4005
IS  - In Press, Journal Pre-proof
SP  - Article 129484
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Richter, Charlotte
A1  - Braunstein, Björn
A1  - Stäudle, Benjamin
A1  - Attias, Julia
A1  - Süss, Alexander
A1  - Weber, Tobias
A1  - Mileva, Katya N.
A1  - Rittweger, Jörn
A1  - Green, David A.
A1  - Albracht, Kirsten
T1  - Gastrocnemius medialis contractile behavior during running differs between simulated Lunar and Martian gravities
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - The international partnership of space agencies has agreed to proceed forward to the Moon sustainably. Activities on the Lunar surface (0.16 g) will allow crewmembers to advance the exploration skills needed when expanding human presence to Mars (0.38 g). Whilst data from actual hypogravity activities are limited to the Apollo missions, simulation studies have indicated that ground reaction forces, mechanical work, muscle activation, and joint angles decrease with declining gravity level. However, these alterations in locomotion biomechanics do not necessarily scale to the gravity level, the reduction in gastrocnemius medialis activation even appears to level off around 0.2 g, while muscle activation pattern remains similar. Thus, it is difficult to predict whether gastrocnemius medialis contractile behavior during running on Moon will basically be the same as on Mars. Therefore, this study investigated lower limb joint kinematics and gastrocnemius medialis behavior during running at 1 g, simulated Martian gravity, and simulated Lunar gravity on the vertical treadmill facility. The results indicate that hypogravity-induced alterations in joint kinematics and contractile behavior still persist between simulated running on the Moon and Mars. This contrasts with the concept of a ceiling effect and should be carefully considered when evaluating exercise prescriptions and the transferability of locomotion practiced in Lunar gravity to Martian gravity.
KW  - Bone quality and biomechanics
KW  - Environmental impact
KW  - Skeletal muscle
KW  - Tendons
KW  - Ultrasound
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00527-9
SN  - 2045-2322
N1  - Corresponding author: Charlotte Richter
VL  - 11
IS  - Article number: 22555
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Werkhausen, Amelie
A1  - Willwacher, Steffen
A1  - Albracht, Kirsten
T1  - Medial gastrocnemius muscle fascicles shorten throughout stance during sprint acceleration
JF  - Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
N2  - The compliant nature of distal limb muscle-tendon units is traditionally considered suboptimal in explosive movements when positive joint work is required. However, during accelerative running, ankle joint net mechanical work is positive. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how plantar flexor muscle-tendon behavior is modulated during fast accelerations. Eleven female sprinters performed maximum sprint accelerations from starting blocks, while gastrocnemius muscle fascicle lengths were estimated using ultrasonography. We combined motion analysis and ground reaction force measurements to assess lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics, and to estimate gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit length during the first two acceleration steps. Outcome variables were resampled to the stance phase and averaged across three to five trials. Relevant scalars were extracted and analyzed using one-sample and two-sample t-tests, and vector trajectories were compared using statistical parametric mapping. We found that an uncoupling of muscle fascicle behavior from muscle-tendon unit behavior is effectively used to produce net positive mechanical work at the joint during maximum sprint acceleration. Muscle fascicles shortened throughout the first and second steps, while shortening occurred earlier during the first step, where negative joint work was lower compared with the second step. Elastic strain energy may be stored during dorsiflexion after touchdown since fascicles did not lengthen at the same time to dissipate energy. Thus, net positive work generation is accommodated by the reuse of elastic strain energy along with positive gastrocnemius fascicle work. Our results show a mechanism of how muscles with high in-series compliance can contribute to net positive joint work.
KW  - locomotion
KW  - muscle mechanics
KW  - running
KW  - sprint start
KW  - ultrasonography
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13956
SN  - 0905-7188 (Druckausgabe)
SN  - 1600-0838 (Onlineausgabe)
VL  - 31
IS  - 7
SP  - 1471
EP  - 1480
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Monti, Elena
A1  - Waldvogel, Janice
A1  - Ritzmann, Ramona
A1  - Freyler, Kathrin
A1  - Albracht, Kirsten
A1  - Helm, Michael
A1  - De Cesare, Niccolò
A1  - Pavan, Piero
A1  - Reggiani, Carlo
A1  - Gollhofer, Albert
A1  - Narici, Marco Vincenzo
T1  - Muscle in variable gravity: “I do not know where I am, but I know what to do”
JF  - Frontiers in Physiology
N2  - Performing tasks, such as running and jumping, requires activation of the agonist and antagonist muscles before (motor unit pre-activation) and during movement performance (Santello and Mcdonagh, 1998). A well-timed and regulated muscle activation elicits a stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) response, naturally occurring in bouncing movements (Ishikawa and Komi, 2004; Taube et al., 2012). By definition, the SSC describes the stretching of a pre-activated muscle-tendon complex immediately followed by a muscle shortening in the concentric push-off phase (Komi, 1984).
Given the importance of SSC actions for human movement, it is not surprising that many studies investigated the biomechanics of this phenomenon; in particular, drop jumps (DJs) represent a good paradigm to study muscle fascicle and tendon behavior in ballistic movements involving the SSC.
Within a DJ, three main phases [pre-activation, braking, and push-off (PO; Komi, 2000)] have been recognized and extensively studied in common and challenging conditions, such as changes in load, falling height, or simulated hypo-gravity (Avela et al., 1994; Arampatzis et al., 2001; Fukashiro et al., 2005; Ishikawa et al., 2005; Sousa et al., 2007; Ritzmann et al., 2016; Helm et al., 2020).
These studies show that the timing and amount of triceps-surae muscle-tendon unit pre-activation in DJs are differentially regulated based on the load applied to the muscle, being optimal in normal “Earth” gravity conditions (Avela et al., 1994), but decreased in simulated hypo-gravity, hyper-gravity (Avela et al., 1994; Ritzmann et al., 2016), or unknown conditions (i.e., unknown falling heights; Helm et al., 2020). Some authors indicated that, when falling from heights different from the optimal one [defined as the drop height giving a maximum DJ performance indicated as peak ground reaction force (GRF) or jump high], electromyographic (EMG) activity of the plantar flexors increases from lower than optimal to higher than optimal heights (Ishikawa and Komi, 2004; Sousa et al., 2007).
These findings highlight the ability of the central nervous system to regulate the timing and amount of pre-activation according to different jumping conditions, thus regulating muscle fascicle length, tendon and joint stiffness as well as position, in order to safely land on the ground and quickly re-bounce.
Similarly, to pre-activation, also in the braking phase, the plantar flexors are differentially regulated. In optimal height (i.e., load) jumping conditions, gastrocnemius medialis (GM) fascicles shorten at early ground contact (possibly due to the intervention of the stretch reflex; Gollhofer et al., 1992) and behave quasi-isometrically in the late braking phase, enabling tendon elongation, and storage of elastic energy (Gollhofer et al., 1992; Fukashiro et al., 2005; Sousa et al., 2007). When increasing the falling height (augmenting the impact GRF), the quasi-isometric behavior of fascicles disappears, and fast fascicle lengthening occurs (Ishikawa et al., 2005; Sousa et al., 2007).
In the third and last PO phase, fascicles shorten and the tendon releases the elastic energy previously stored. Bobbert et al. (1987) reported no influence of jumping height on the work done and on the net vertical impulse assessed during PO; this observation suggests that, despite an optimal DJ performance might be achieved only in specific conditions (falling heights, loads), the central nervous system seems to be able to regulate muscle behavior in order to effectively perform the required task also in challenging situations.
Although the regulation of triceps-surae muscle-tendon unit in DJs has been extensively investigated, very few studies focused on sarcomeres behavior during the performance of this SSC movement (Kurokawa et al., 2003; Fukashiro et al., 2005, 2006). Sarcomeres represent muscle contractile units and are known to express different amounts of force depending on their length (Gordon et al., 1966; Walker and Schrodt, 1974); thus, understanding the time course of their responses during DJs is fundamental to gain further insights into muscle force-generating capacity. In vivo measurement of sarcomere length in humans has been so far been performed only in static positions and under highly controlled experimental conditions (Llewellyn et al., 2008; Sanchez et al., 2015). Instead, human sarcomere length estimation (achieved by dividing GM measured fascicle length for a fixed sarcomere number) in dynamic contractions provided an indirect measure of sarcomere operating range during squat jump, countermovement jump, and DJ (Fukashiro et al., 2005, 2006; Kurokawa et al., 2003). The results of these studies showed that sarcomeres operate in the ascending limb of their length-tension (L-T) relationship in all types of jumps, and particularly so in DJ.
However, most of the available observations on sarcomere and muscle fascicle behavior were made in condition of constant gravity. Thus, in order to understand how sarcomere and muscle fascicle length are regulated in variable gravity conditions, we performed experiments in a parabolic flight, involving variable gravity levels, ranging from about zero-g to about double the Earth’s gravity (1 g; Waldvogel et al., 2021).
Specifically, the aims of the present study were as follows:
1. To investigate the ability of the neuromuscular system in regulating fascicle length in response to conditions of variable gravity.
2. To estimate sarcomere operative length in the different DJ phases, in order to calculate its theoretical force production and its possible modulation in conditions of variable gravity.
We hypothesized that muscle fascicles would be differentially regulated in different gravity conditions compared to 1 g, particularly in anticipation of landing and re-bouncing in unknown gravity levels. In addition, we hypothesized that sarcomeres would operate in the upper part of the ascending limb of their L-T relationship, possibly lengthening during the braking phase (especially in hyper-gravity) while operating quasi-isometrically in 1 g.
KW  - parabolic flight
KW  - drop jump
KW  - hypo-gravity
KW  - hyper-gravity
KW  - sarcomere operating length
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.714655
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stäudle, Benjamin
A1  - Seynnes, Olivier
A1  - Laps, Guido
A1  - Göll, Fabian
A1  - Brüggemann, Gert-Peter
A1  - Albracht, Kirsten
T1  - Recovery from achilles tendon repair: a combination of Postsurgery Outcomes and Insufficient remodeling of muscle and tendon
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
N2  - Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) patients have persistent functional deficits in the triceps surae muscle–tendon unit (MTU). The complex remodeling of the MTU accompanying these deficits remains poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to associate in vivo and in silico data to investigate the relations between changes inMTU properties and strength deficits inATR patients. Methods: Elevenmale subjects who had undergone surgical repair of complete unilateral ATR were examined 4.6 ± 2.0 (mean ± SD) yr after rupture. Gastrocnemius medialis (GM) tendon stiffness, morphology, and muscle architecture were determined using ultrasonography. The force–length relation of the plantar flexor muscles was assessed at five ankle joint angles. In addition, simulations (OpenSim) of the GM MTU force–length properties were performed with various iterations of MTU properties found between the unaffected and the affected side. Results: The affected side of the patients displayed a longer, larger, and stiffer GM tendon (13% ± 10%, 105% ± 28%, and 54% ± 24%, respectively) compared with the unaffected side. The GM muscle fascicles of the affected side were shorter (32% ± 12%) and with greater pennation angles (31% ± 26%). A mean deficit in plantarflexion moment of 31% ± 10% was measured. Simulations indicate that pairing an intact muscle with a longer tendon shifts the optimal angular range of peak force outside physiological angular ranges, whereas the shorter muscle fascicles and tendon stiffening seen in the affected side decrease this shift, albeit incompletely. Conclusions: These results suggest that the substantial changes in MTU properties found in ATR patients may partly result from compensatory remodeling, although this process appears insufficient to fully restore muscle function.
KW  - Tendon Rupture
KW  - Stiffness
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Muscle Force
KW  - Muscle Fascicle
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002592
SN  - 1530-0315
VL  - 53
IS  - 7
SP  - 1356
EP  - 1366
PB  - American College of Sports Medicine
CY  - Philadelphia, Pa.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neumaier, Felix
A1  - Weiss, Miriam
A1  - Veldeman, Michael
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Wiesmann, Martin
A1  - Schulze-Steinen, Henna
A1  - Höllig, Anke
A1  - Clusmann, Hans
A1  - Schubert, Gerrit Alexander
A1  - Albanna, Walid
T1  - Changes in endogenous daytime melatonin levels after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage – preliminary findings from an observational cohort study
JF  - Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
N2  - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with early and delayed brain injury due to several underlying and interrelated processes, which include inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial, and neuronal apoptosis. Treatment with melatonin, a cytoprotective neurohormone with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, has been shown to attenuate early brain injury (EBI) and to prevent delayed cerebral vasospasm in experimental aSAH models. Less is known about the role of endogenous melatonin for aSAH outcome and how its production is altered by the pathophysiological cascades initiated during EBI. In the present observational study, we analyzed changes in melatonin levels during the first three weeks after aSAH.
KW  - constructive alignment
KW  - examination
KW  - long-term retention
KW  - multimodal
KW  - practical learning
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106870
SN  - 0303-8467
VL  - 208
IS  - Article No.: 106870
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kuerten, David
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Fuest, Matthias
A1  - Walter, Peter
A1  - Hollstein, Muriel
A1  - Plange, Niklas
ED  - Neri, Piergiorgio
T1  - Does hemispheric vascular regulation differ significantly in glaucoma patients with altitudinal visual field asymmetry? A single-center, prospective study
JF  - International Ophthalmology
N2  - Purpose Vascular risk factors and ocular perfusion are heatedly discussed in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The retinal vessel analyzer (RVA, IMEDOS Systems, Germany) allows noninvasive measurement of retinal vessel regulation. Significant differences especially in the veins between healthy subjects and patients suffering from glaucoma were previously reported. In this pilot-study we investigated if localized vascular regulation is altered in glaucoma patients with altitudinal visual field defect asymmetry. Methods 15 eyes of 12 glaucoma patients with advanced altitudinal visual field defect asymmetry were included. The mean defect was calculated for each hemisphere separately (-20.99 ± 10.49 pro- found hemispheric visual field defect vs -7.36 ± 3.97 dB less profound hemisphere). After pupil dilation, RVA measurements of retinal arteries and veins were conducted using the standard protocol. The superior and inferior retinal vessel reactivity were measured consecutively in each eye. Results Significant differences were recorded in venous vessel constriction after flicker light stimulation and overall amplitude of the reaction (p \ 0.04 and p \ 0.02 respectively) in-between the hemispheres spheres. Vessel reaction was higher in the hemisphere corresponding to the more advanced visual field defect. Arterial diameters reacted similarly, failing to reach statistical significance. Conclusion Localized retinal vessel regulation is significantly altered in glaucoma patients with asymmetri altitudinal visual field defects. Veins supplying the hemisphere concordant to a less profound visual field defect show diminished diameter changes. Vascular dysregulation might be particularly important in early glaucoma stages prior to a significant visual field defect.
KW  - Glaucoma
KW  - Visual field asymmetry
KW  - Ocular blood flow
KW  - RVA
KW  - Vascular response
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 1573-2630
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-01876-0
VL  - 41
IS  - 41
SP  - 3109
EP  - 3119
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Albanna, Walid
A1  - Conzen, Catharina
A1  - Weiss, Miriam
A1  - Seyfried, Katharina
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Schmidt, Tobias Philip
A1  - Kuerten, David
A1  - Hescheler, Jürgen
A1  - Bruecken, Anne
A1  - Schmidt-Trucksäss, Arno
A1  - Neumaier, Felix
A1  - Wiesmann, Martin
A1  - Clusmann, Hans
A1  - Schubert, Gerrit Alexander
T1  - Non-invasive assessment of neurovascular coupling after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective observational trial using retinal vessel analysis
JF  - Frontiers in Neurology
N2  - Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a common complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and can lead to infarction and poor clinical outcome. The underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood, but animal models indicate that vasoactive metabolites and inflammatory cytokines produced within the subarachnoid space may progressively impair and partially invert neurovascular coupling (NVC) in the brain. Because cerebral and retinal microvasculature are governed by comparable regulatory mechanisms and may be connected by perivascular pathways, retinal vascular changes are increasingly recognized as a potential surrogate for altered NVC in the brain. Here, we used non-invasive retinal vessel analysis (RVA) to assess microvascular function in aSAH patients at different times after the ictus.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.690183
SN  - 1664-2295
VL  - 12
IS  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neumaier, Felix
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Haeren, Roel Hubert Louis
A1  - Temel, Yasin
A1  - Lüke, Jan Niklas
A1  - Seyam, Osama
A1  - Lindauer, Ute
A1  - Clusmann, Hans
A1  - Hescheler, Jürgen
A1  - Schubert, Gerrit Alexander
A1  - Schneider, Toni
A1  - Albanna, Walid
T1  - Retinal Vessel Responses to Flicker Stimulation Are Impaired in Ca v 2.3-Deficient Mice—An in- vivo Evaluation Using Retinal Vessel Analysis (RVA)
JF  - Frontiers in Neurology
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.659890
VL  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Frontiers
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fiedler, Thomas M.
A1  - Orzada, Stephan
A1  - Flöser, Martina
A1  - Rietsch, Stefan H. G.
A1  - Quick, Harald H.
A1  - Ladd, Mark E.
A1  - Bitz, Andreas
T1  - Performance analysis of integrated RF microstrip transmit antenna arrays with high channel count for body imaging at 7 T
JF  - NMR in Biomedicine
N2  - The aim of the current study was to investigate the performance of integrated RF
transmit arrays with high channel count consisting of meander microstrip antennas
for body imaging at 7 T and to optimize the position and number of transmit ele-
ments. RF simulations using multiring antenna arrays placed behind the bore liner
were performed for realistic exposure conditions for body imaging. Simulations were
performed for arrays with as few as eight elements and for arrays with high channel
counts of up to 48 elements. The B1+ field was evaluated regarding the degrees of
freedom for RF shimming in the abdomen. Worst-case specific absorption rate
(SARwc ), SAR overestimation in the matrix compression, the number of virtual obser-
vation points (VOPs) and SAR efficiency were evaluated. Constrained RF shimming
was performed in differently oriented regions of interest in the body, and the devia-
tion from a target B1+ field was evaluated. Results show that integrated multiring
arrays are able to generate homogeneous B1+ field distributions for large FOVs, espe-
cially for coronal/sagittal slices, and thus enable body imaging at 7 T with a clinical
workflow; however, a low duty cycle or a high SAR is required to achieve homoge-
neous B1+ distributions and to exploit the full potential. In conclusion, integrated
arrays allow for high element counts that have high degrees of freedom for the pulse
optimization but also produce high SARwc , which reduces the SAR accuracy in the
VOP compression for low-SAR protocols, leading to a potential reduction in array
performance. Smaller SAR overestimations can increase SAR accuracy, but lead to a
high number of VOPs, which increases the computational cost for VOP evaluation
and makes online SAR monitoring or pulse optimization challenging. Arrays with
interleaved rings showed the best results in the study.
KW  - body imaging at UHF MRI
KW  - integrated transmit coil arrays
KW  - VOP compression
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.4515
SN  - 0952-3480 (ISSN)
SN  - 1099-1492 (eISSN)
VL  - 34
IS  - 7
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül
A1  - Kurulgan demirci, Eylem
A1  - Fırat, Ipek Seda
A1  - Oflaz, Hakan
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
T1  - Recombinant activated protein C (rhAPC) affects lipopolysaccharide-induced mechanical compliance changes and beat frequency of mESC-derived cardiomyocyte monolayers
JF  - SHOCK
KW  - Septic cardiomyopathy
KW  - LPS
KW  - cardiomyocyte biomechanics
KW  - CellDrum
KW  - actin cytoskeleton
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000001845
SN  - 1540-0514
PB  - Wolters Kluwer
CY  - Köln
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dickhoff, Jens
A1  - Horikawa, Atsushi
A1  - Funke, Harald
T1  - Hydrogen Combustion - new DLE Combustor Addresses NOx Emissions and Flashback
JF  - Turbomachinery international : the global journal of energy equipment
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 2767-2328
SN  - 0149-4147
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
SP  - 26
EP  - 27
PB  - MJH Life Sciences
CY  - Cranbury
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Alexyuk, Madina
A1  - Bogoyavlenskiy, Andrey
A1  - Alexyuk, Pavel
A1  - Moldakhanov, Yergali
A1  - Berezin, Vladimir
A1  - Digel, Ilya
T1  - Epipelagic microbiome of the Small Aral Sea: Metagenomic structure and ecological diversity
JF  - MicrobiologyOpen
N2  - Microbial diversity studies regarding the aquatic communities that experienced or are experiencing environmental problems are essential for the comprehension of the remediation dynamics. In this pilot study, we present data on the phylogenetic and ecological structure of microorganisms from epipelagic water samples collected in the Small Aral Sea (SAS). The raw data were generated by massive parallel sequencing using the shotgun approach. As expected, most of the identified DNA sequences belonged to Terrabacteria and Actinobacteria (40% and 37% of the total reads, respectively). The occurrence of Deinococcus-Thermus, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi in the epipelagic SAS waters was less anticipated. Surprising was also the detection of sequences, which are characteristic for strict anaerobes—Ignavibacteria, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, and archaeal methanogenic species. We suppose that the observed very broad range of phylogenetic and ecological features displayed by the SAS reads demonstrates a more intensive mixing of water masses originating from diverse ecological niches of the Aral-Syr Darya River basin than presumed before.
KW  - ecological structure
KW  - metagenomics
KW  - microbial diversity
KW  - shotgun sequencing
KW  - Small Aral Sea
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1142
SN  - 2045-8827
N1  - Corresponding author: Ilya Digel
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Kubalski, Thomas
A1  - El-Deib, Khaled
A1  - Gellert, Christoph
ED  - Jesse, Dirk
T1  - Erdbebennachweis von Mauerwerksbauten nach DIN EN 1998-1/NA-2021
JF  - Bautechnik : Zeitschrift für den gesamten Ingenieurbau
N2  - Mauerwerksbauten in Deutschland sind mit Einführung des nationalen Anwendungsdokuments DIN EN 1998-1/NA auf Grundlage einer neuen probabilistischen Erdbebenkarte nachzuweisen. Für erfolgreiche Erdbebennachweise üblicher Grundrissformen von Mauerwerksbauten stehen in dem zukünftigen Anwendungsdokument neue rechnerische Nachweismöglichkeiten zur Verfügung, mit denen die Tragfähigkeitsreserven von Mauerwerksbauten in der Baupraxis mit einem überschaubaren Aufwand besser in Ansatz gebracht werden können. Das Standardrechenverfahren ist weiterhin der kraftbasierte Nachweis, der nun mit höheren Verhaltensbeiwerten im Vergleich zur DIN 4149 durchgeführt werden kann. Die höheren Verhaltensbeiwerte basieren auf der besseren Ausnutzung der gebäudespezifischen Verformungsfähigkeit und Energiedissipation sowie der Lastumverteilung der Schubkräfte im Grundriss mit Ansatz von Rahmentragwirkung durch Wand-Deckeninteraktionen. Alternativ dazu kann ein nichtlinearer Nachweis auf Grundlage von Pushover-Analysen zur Anwendung kommen. Vervollständigt werden die Regelungen für Mauerwerksbauten durch neue Regelungen für nichttragende Innenwände und Außenmauerschalen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Grundlagen und Hintergründe der neuen rechnerischen Nachweise in DIN EN 1998-1/NA vor und demonstriert deren Anwendung an einem Beispiel aus der Praxis.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.202100064
SN  - 1437-0999
SN  - 0005-6820, 0932-8351
VL  - 98
IS  - 11
SP  - 852
EP  - 863
PB  - Ernst & Sohn
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oertel, Mario
A1  - Bung, Daniel Bernhard
T1  - Hochwasserschutz - eine Aufgabe für eine nachhaltige Wasserwirtschaft
JF  - Wasserwirtschaft
KW  - Wasserbau
KW  - Architektur
KW  - Wasserwirtschaft
KW  - Deutschland
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 0043-0978
VL  - 111
IS  - 9-10
SP  - 3
EP  - 19
PB  - Springer Vieweg
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seefeldt, Patric
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
T1  - Temperature increase on folded solar sail membranes
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.09.026
SN  - 0273-1177
VL  - 67
IS  - 9
SP  - 2688
EP  - 2695
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Valero, Daniel
A1  - Schalko, Isabella
A1  - Friedrich, Heide
A1  - Abad, Jorge D.
A1  - Bung, Daniel Bernhard
A1  - Donchyts, Gennadii
A1  - Felder, Stefan
A1  - Ferreira, Rui M. L.
A1  - Hohermuth, Benjamin
A1  - Kramer, Matthias
A1  - Li, Danxun
A1  - Mendes, Luis
A1  - Moreno-Rodenas, Antonio
A1  - Nones, Michael
A1  - Paron, Paolo
A1  - Ruiz-Villanueva, Virginia
A1  - Wang, Ruo-Qian
A1  - Franca, Mario J.
T1  - Pathways towards democratization of hydro-environment observations and data
JF  - Iahr White Paper Series
Y1  - 2021
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR)
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - German, Laura
A1  - Mikucki, Jill A.
A1  - Welch, Susan A.
A1  - Welch, Kathleen A.
A1  - Lutton, Anthony
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Kowalski, Julia
A1  - Heinen, Dirk
A1  - Feldmann, Marco
A1  - Francke, Gero
A1  - Espe, Clemens
A1  - Lyons, W. Berry
T1  - Validation of sampling antarctic subglacial hypersaline waters with an electrothermal ice melting probe (IceMole) for environmental analytical geochemistry
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
N2  - Geochemical characterisation of hypersaline waters is difficult as high concentrations of salts hinder the analysis of constituents at low concentrations, such as trace metals, and the collection of samples for trace metal analysis in natural waters can be easily contaminated. This is particularly the case if samples are collected by non-conventional techniques such as those required for aquatic subglacial environments. In this paper we present the first analysis of a subglacial brine from Taylor Valley, (~ 78°S), Antarctica for the trace metals: Ba, Co, Mo, Rb, Sr, V, and U. Samples were collected englacially using an electrothermal melting probe called the IceMole. This probe uses differential heating of a copper head as well as the probe’s sidewalls and an ice screw at the melting head to move through glacier ice. Detailed blanks, meltwater, and subglacial brine samples were collected to evaluate the impact of the IceMole and the borehole pump, the melting and collection process, filtration, and storage on the geochemistry of the samples collected by this device. Comparisons between melt water profiles through the glacier ice and blank analysis, with published studies on ice geochemistry, suggest the potential for minor contributions of some species Rb, As, Co, Mn, Ni, NH4+, and NO2−+NO3− from the IceMole. The ability to conduct detailed chemical analyses of subglacial fluids collected with melting probes is critical for the future exploration of the hundreds of deep subglacial lakes in Antarctica.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2019.1704750
SN  - 0306-7319
VL  - 101
IS  - 15
SP  - 2654
EP  - 2667
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - London
ER  -