TY  - JOUR
A1  - Börner, Sebastian
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Hendrick, P.
A1  - Recker, E.
T1  - Control system modifications for a hydrogen fuelled gas-turbine
JF  - ISROMAC 13, 13th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery, Honolulu, HI, US, Apr 4-7, 2010
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-1-617-38848-4
SP  - 665
EP  - 670
PB  - Curran
CY  - Red Hook, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Robinson, A. E.
A1  - Hendrick, P.
A1  - Wagemakers, R.
T1  - Design and Testing of a Micromix Combustor With Recuperative Wall Cooling for a Hydrogen Fuelled µ-Scale Gas Turbine
JF  - Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2010 : presented at the 2010 ASME Turbo Expo, June 14 - 18, 2010, Glasgow, UK / sponsored by the International Gas Turbine Institute / Vol. 5: Industrial and cogeneration ; microturbines and small turbomachinery ; oil and gas applications ; wind turbine technology
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-0-7918-4400-7
N1  - GT2010-23453 ; ASME Turbo Expo ; (Glasgow) : 2010.06.14-18
SP  - 587
EP  - 596
PB  - ASME
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Börner, Sebastian
A1  - Robinson, A.
A1  - Hendrick, P.
A1  - Recker, E.
T1  - Low NOx H2 combustion for industrial gas turbines of various power ranges
JF  - 5th International Gas Turbine Conference ETN-IGTC, ETN-2010-42, Brussels, Belgium, October 2010
Y1  - 2010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Recker, Elmar
A1  - Bosschaerts, Walter
A1  - Wagemakers, Rolf
A1  - Hendrick, Patrick
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Börner, Sebastian
T1  - Experimental study of a round jet in cross-flow at low momentum ratio
JF  - 15th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics Lisbon, Portugal, 05-08 July, 2010 - 1
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Esch, Thomas
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Roosen, Petra
T1  - SIoBiA – Safety Implications of Biofuels in Aviation
N2  - Biofuels potentially interesting also for aviation purposes are predominantly liquid fuels produced from biomass. The most common biofuels today are biodiesel and bioethanol. Since diesel engines are rather rare in aviation this survey is focusing on ethanol admixed to gasoline products.
The Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of May 8th 2003 on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport encourage a growing admixture of biogenic fuel components to fossil automotive gasoline. Some aircraft models equipped with spark ignited piston engines are approved for operation with automotive gasoline, frequently called “MOGAS” (motor gasoline). The majority of those approvals is limited to MOGAS compositions that do not contain methanol or ethanol beyond negligible amounts. In the past years (bio-)MTBE or (bio-)ETBE have been widely used as blending component of automotive gasoline whilst the usage of low-molecular alcohols like methanol or ethanol has been avoided due to the handling problems especially with regard to the strong affinity for water. With rising mandatory bio-admixtures the conversion of the basic biogenic ethanol to ETBE, causing a reduction of energetic payoff, becomes more and more unattractive. Therefore the direct ethanol admixture is accordingly favoured.
Due to the national enforcements of the directive 2003/30/EC more oxygenates produced from organic materials like bioethanol have started to appear in automotive gasolines already. The current fuel specification EN 228 already allows up to 3 % volume per volume (v/v) (bio-)methanol or up to 5 % v/v (bio-)ethanol as fuel components. This is also roughly the amount of biogenic components to comply with the legal requirements to avoid monetary penalties for producers and distributors of fuels.
Since automotive fuel is cheaper than the common aviation gasoline (AVGAS), creates less problems with lead deposits in the engine, and in general produces less pollutants it is strongly favoured by pilots. But being designed for a different set of usage scenarios the use of automotive fuel with low molecular alcohols for aircraft operation may have adverse effects in aviation operation. Increasing amounts of ethanol admixtures impose various changes in the gasoline’s chemical and physical properties, some of them rather unexpected and not within the range of flight experiences even of long-term pilots.
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Analysis of the safety implications of the use of biofuels (ethanol admixture) for piston engines and general aviation aircraft and assessment of potential environmental benefits.
PB  - EASA
CY  - Köln
ER  -