TY - JOUR A1 - Thomessen, Karolin A1 - Thoma, Andreas A1 - Braun, Carsten T1 - Bio-inspired altitude changing extension to the 3DVFH* local obstacle avoidance algorithm JF - CEAS Aeronautical Journal N2 - Obstacle avoidance is critical for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating autonomously. Obstacle avoidance algorithms either rely on global environment data or local sensor data. Local path planners react to unforeseen objects and plan purely on local sensor information. Similarly, animals need to find feasible paths based on local information about their surroundings. Therefore, their behavior is a valuable source of inspiration for path planning. Bumblebees tend to fly vertically over far-away obstacles and horizontally around close ones, implying two zones for different flight strategies depending on the distance to obstacles. This work enhances the local path planner 3DVFH* with this bio-inspired strategy. The algorithm alters the goal-driven function of the 3DVFH* to climb-preferring if obstacles are far away. Prior experiments with bumblebees led to two definitions of flight zone limits depending on the distance to obstacles, leading to two algorithm variants. Both variants reduce the probability of not reaching the goal of a 3DVFH* implementation in Matlab/Simulink. The best variant, 3DVFH*b-b, reduces this probability from 70.7 to 18.6% in city-like worlds using a strong vertical evasion strategy. Energy consumption is higher, and flight paths are longer compared to the algorithm version with pronounced horizontal evasion tendency. A parameter study analyzes the effect of different weighting factors in the cost function. The best parameter combination shows a failure probability of 6.9% in city-like worlds and reduces energy consumption by 28%. Our findings demonstrate the potential of bio-inspired approaches for improving the performance of local path planning algorithms for UAV. KW - UAV KW - Obstacle avoidance KW - Autonomy KW - Local path planning Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-023-00691-w SN - 1869-5590 (Online) SN - 1869-5582 (Print) N1 - Corresponding author: Karolin Thomessen PB - Springer CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blome, Hans-Joachim A1 - Priester, W. T1 - Big Bounce in the very early Universe JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics. 250 (1991), H. 1 Y1 - 1991 SN - 0004-6361 SP - 43 EP - 49 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Ley, Wilfried T1 - Bewertung von Solarkollektormessungen unter natuerlichen und simulierten Bedingungen Y1 - 1982 N1 - Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt : Forschungsbericht ; 1982,5 ; zugl. Dissertation, Universität Bochum Abt. für Maschinenbau, 1981 PB - Inst. f. Raumsimulation CY - Köln ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Rosenkranz, Josef T1 - Berücksichtigung des Einflusses von Gleitlagergehäusen auf das dynamische Verhalten von Rotoren : Abschlußbericht : Forschungsvorhaben Nr. 128 "Gleitlagergehäusesteifigkeit" ; Berichtszeitraum 1985-1988. - (Forschungsheft / Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.V. ; 303) Y1 - 1989 N1 - Förderkennzeichen BMWi/AIF-Nr. 6371 PB - FVA CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peeken, Heinz A1 - Rosenkranz, Josef A1 - Schelenz, R. T1 - Berücksichtigung des Einflusses der Gleitlagergehäusesteifigkeit auf das dynamische Verhalten von Rotoren JF - Antriebstechnik : Organ der Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.V. Y1 - 1991 SN - 0341-2652 VL - 30 IS - 9 SP - 71 EP - 75 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhardt, Hans Joachim T1 - Belastung von Rauchabzugsgeraeten bei Windangriff JF - Sanitaer- und Heizungstechnik. 51 (1986), H. 3 Y1 - 1986 SN - 0036-4401 SP - 150 EP - 152 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhardt, Hans Joachim A1 - Kramer, C. T1 - Belastung von RA bei Windangriff JF - Zentralblatt fuer Industriebau. 30 (1984), H. 3 Y1 - 1984 SN - 0044-4227 SP - 214 EP - 217 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wahle, Michael T1 - Beitrag zur passiven Kontrolle schwach gedämpfter elastischer Strukturen mittels dynamischer Schwingungsdämpfer Y1 - 1985 N1 - Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 1984 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Christen, Marc A1 - Bartelt, Perry A1 - Kowalski, Julia T1 - Back calculation of the In den Arelen avalanche with RAMMS: Interpretation of model results JF - Annals of Glaciology N2 - Two- and three-dimensional avalanche dynamics models are being increasingly used in hazard-mitigation studies. These models can provide improved and more accurate results for hazard mapping than the simple one-dimensional models presently used in practice. However, two- and three-dimensional models generate an extensive amount of output data, making the interpretation of simulation results more difficult. To perform a simulation in three-dimensional terrain, numerical models require a digital elevation model, specification of avalanche release areas (spatial extent and volume), selection of solution methods, finding an adequate calculation resolution and, finally, the choice of friction parameters. In this paper, the importance and difficulty of correctly setting up and analysing the results of a numerical avalanche dynamics simulation is discussed. We apply the two-dimensional simulation program RAMMS to the 1968 extreme avalanche event In den Arelen. We show the effect of model input variations on simulation results and the dangers and complexities in their interpretation. KW - avalanche Y1 - 2010 SN - 1727-5644 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3189/172756410791386553 VL - 51 IS - 54 SP - 161 EP - 168 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laarmann, Lukas A1 - Thoma, Andreas A1 - Misch, Philipp A1 - Röth, Thilo A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Watkins, Simon A1 - Fard, Mohammad T1 - Automotive safety approach for future eVTOL vehicles JF - CEAS Aeronautical Journal N2 - The eVTOL industry is a rapidly growing mass market expected to start in 2024. eVTOL compete, caused by their predicted missions, with ground-based transportation modes, including mainly passenger cars. Therefore, the automotive and classical aircraft design process is reviewed and compared to highlight advantages for eVTOL development. A special focus is on ergonomic comfort and safety. The need for further investigation of eVTOL’s crashworthiness is outlined by, first, specifying the relevance of passive safety via accident statistics and customer perception analysis; second, comparing the current state of regulation and certification; and third, discussing the advantages of integral safety and applying the automotive safety approach for eVTOL development. Integral safety links active and passive safety, while the automotive safety approach means implementing standardized mandatory full-vehicle crash tests for future eVTOL. Subsequently, possible crash impact conditions are analyzed, and three full-vehicle crash load cases are presented. KW - eVTOL development KW - eVTOL safety KW - Crashworthiness KW - Automotive safety approach KW - Full-vehicle crash test Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-023-00655-0 SN - 1869-5590 (Online) SN - 1869-5582 (Print) N1 - Corresponding author: Lukas Laarmann PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - THES A1 - Polaczek, Christa T1 - Automatische 3-dimensionale FEM-Netzgenerierung für die Formfüll- und Erstarrungssimulation. - (Fortschrittberichte VDI : Reihe 20, Rechnerunterstützte Verfahren ; 182) Y1 - 1995 SN - 3-18-318220-3 N1 - Zugl.: Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 1994 IS - Als Ms. gedr. PB - VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmitz, Günter A1 - Oligschläger, U. A1 - Eifler, G. A1 - Lechner, H. T1 - Automated System for Optimized Calibration of Engine Management Systems Y1 - 1994 N1 - SAE International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Feb. 28 - March 3 ; SAE- Paper-No.: 940151 ;