TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blome, Hans-Joachim
A1  - Wilson, Thomas L.
T1  - The quantum temperature of accelerating cosmological models of an entangled Universe
JF  - Advances in Space Research. 35 (2005), H. 1
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0273-1177
SP  - 111
EP  - 115
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül
A1  - Linder, Peter
A1  - Kayser, Peter
A1  - Digel, Ilya
T1  - NMR in vitro effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and viability of human chondrocytes and osteoblasts
JF  - Methods and findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. 27 (2005), H. 6
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0379-0355
SP  - 391
EP  - 394
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
A1  - Lünebach, M.
T1  - A Novel Dual-Mode-Design for Push-Push Oscillators with Improved Phase Noise Performance. Heuermann, Holger; Lünebach, M.
JF  - Conference proceedings : 3 - 7 October 2005, CNIT la Défense, Paris, France; [comprises the] 35th European Microwave Conference 2005 ; The European Conference on Wireless Technology 2005 ; European Radar Conference 2005 ; GAAS 2005, The European Gallium A. Vol. 1
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 2-9600551-0-1
N1  - European Microwave Conference ; (35, 2005, Paris) ; European Microwave Week ; (2005, Paris)
SP  - 4 pp.
PB  - Horizon House Publ
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
A1  - Sadeghfam, Arash
A1  - Boehm, H.
T1  - Ultra Compact Multi-Mode Filter with Novel Rat-Race Inductor. Sadeghfam, Arash; Heuermann, Holger; Boehm, H.
JF  - Conference proceedings : 3 - 7 October 2005, CNIT la Défense, Paris, France; [comprises the] 35th European Microwave Conference 2005 ; The European Conference on Wireless Technology 2005 ; European Radar Conference 2005 ; GAAS 2005, The European Gallium A. Vol. 2
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 2-9600551-0-1
N1  - European Microwave Conference ; (35, 2005, Paris) ; European Microwave Week ; (2005, Paris)
SP  - 4 pp.
PB  - Horizon House Publ
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Staat, Manfred
A1  - Heitzer, M.
A1  - Lang, H.
A1  - Wirtz, K.
T1  - Direct Finite Element Route for Design-by-Analysis of Pressure Components
JF  - International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 82 (2005), H. 1
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0308-0161
SP  - 61
EP  - 67
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Platen, J.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Towards self-aligned nanostructures by means of layerexpansion technique
JF  - Electrochimica Acta. 51 (2005), H. 5
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0013-4686
SP  - 838
EP  - 843
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Näther, Niko
A1  - Rolka, David
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Koudelka-Hep, M.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Two microcell flow-injection analysis (FIA) platforms for capacitive silicon-based field-effect sensors
JF  - Electrochimica Acta. 51 (2005), H. 5
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0013-4686
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.04.066
SP  - 924
EP  - 929
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Simonis, A.
A1  - Dawgul, M.
A1  - Lüth, H.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Miniaturised reference electrodes for field-effect sensors compatible to silicon chip technology
JF  - Electrochimica Acta. 51 (2005), H. 5
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0013-4686
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.04.063
SP  - 930
EP  - 937
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Näther, Niko
A1  - Auger, V.
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Koudelka-Hep, M.
T1  - Miniaturised flow-through cell with integrated capacitive EIS sensor fabricated at wafer level using Si and SU-8 technologies
JF  - Sensors and Actuators B. 108 (2005), H. 1-2
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0925-4005
N1  - Proceedings of the Tenth International Meeting on Chemical Sensors — IMCS - 10 2004
SP  - 986
EP  - 992
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Cherstvy, A.
A1  - Ingebrandt, S.
A1  - Offenhäusser, A.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Possibilities and limitations of label-free detection of DNA hybridization with field-effect-based devices
JF  - Sensors and Actuators B. 111-112 (2005)
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0925-4005
N1  - Eurosensors XVIII 2004 — The 18th European Conference on Solid-State Transducers
SP  - 470
EP  - 480
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Jacobs, M.
A1  - Muck, A.
A1  - Knobbe, D.-T.
A1  - Wang, J.
A1  - Chatrathi, M.
A1  - Spillmann, S.
T1  - Amperometric PDMS/glass capillary electrophoresis-based biosensor microchip for catechol and dopamin detection
JF  - Sensors and Actuators B. 108 (2005), H. 1-2
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0925-4005
N1  - Proceedings of the Tenth International Meeting on Chemical Sensors — IMCS - 10 2004
SP  - 688
EP  - 694
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
A1  - Wang, C.
A1  - Otto, R.
A1  - Yoshinobu, T.
T1  - Development of a handheld 16 channel pen-type LAPS for electrochemical sensing
JF  - Sensors and Actuators B. 108 (2005)
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0925-4005
SP  - 808
EP  - 814
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - "Playing around“ with field-effect sensors on the basis of EIS structures, LAPS and ISFETs
JF  - Sensors. 5 (2005), H. 3
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 1424-8220
SP  - 126
EP  - 138
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Staat, Manfred
T1  - Local and global collapse pressure of longitudinally flawed pipes and cylindrical vessels
JF  - International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 82 (2005), H. 3
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0308-0161
SP  - 217
EP  - 225
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
A1  - Yoshinobu, T.
A1  - Rao, C.
A1  - Otto, R.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - „All-in-one“ solid-state device based on a lightaddressable potentiometric sensor platform
JF  - Transducers '05 : the 13th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems ; Seoul, Korea, [June 5 - 9, 2005] ; digest of technical papers / sponsored by Korean Sensors Society. Technical co-sponsors: IEEE Electron Devices Society
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0-7803-83995-6
N1  - International Conference on Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems ; (13, 2005, Seoul)
SP  - 1872
EP  - 1875
PB  - IEEE Operations Center
CY  - Piscataway, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yoshinobu, T.
A1  - Iwasaki, H.
A1  - Ui, Y.
A1  - Furuichi, K.
A1  - Ermelenko, Y.
A1  - Mourzina, Y.
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
A1  - Näther, Niko
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - The light-addressable potentiometric sensor for multi-ion sensing and imaging
JF  - Methods. 37 (2005), H. 1
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 1046-2023
SP  - 99
EP  - 102
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blome, Hans-Joachim
A1  - Kosbow, Michael
T1  - The Pioneer Anomaly in the context of non-Newtonian Gravity
JF  - International Astronautical Congress : final papers : October 17-21, 2005, Fukuoka, Japan
Y1  - 2005
N1  - Proceedings IAC-2005-C1.P.20 ;International Astronautical Congress ; (56, 2005, Fukuoka, Japan)
SP  - 20
EP  - 20
PB  - International Astronautical Federation
CY  - Paris
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Marso, M.
A1  - Mikulics, V. V.
A1  - Adam, R.
T1  - Ultrafast Phenomena in Freestanding LT-GaAs Devices. Marso, M.; Mikulics, V. V.; Adam, R.; Wu, S.; Zheng, X.; Camara, I.; Siebe, N. Y.; Förster, A.; Güsten, R.; Kordos, P.; Sobolewski, R.
JF  - Acta physica Polonica / A. 107 (2005), H. 1
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0587-4246
SP  - 109
EP  - 117
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Wensorra, J.
A1  - Indlekofer, K. M.
A1  - Lüth, H.
T1  - Resonant tunneling in nanocolumns improved by quantum collimation. Wensorra, J.; Indlekofer, K. M.; Förster, A.; Lüth, H.
JF  - Nano Letters. 5 (2005)
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0587-4246
SP  - 2470
EP  - 2475
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Montanari, Simone
A1  - Lepsa, Mihail Ion
A1  - Lüth, Hans
T1  - High frequency investigation of graded gap injectors for GaAs Gunn diodes / Simone Montanari ; Arnold Förster ; Mihail Ion Lepsa ; Hans Lüth
JF  - Solid-state electronics. 49 (2005), H. 2
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0038-1101
SP  - 245
EP  - 250
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mikulics, M.
A1  - Marso, M.
A1  - Cámara Mayorga, I.
A1  - Gusten, R.
A1  - Stancek, S.
A1  - Michael, E. A.
A1  - Schieder, R.
A1  - Wolter, M.
A1  - Buca, D.
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Kordos, P.
A1  - Lüth, H.
T1  - Photomixers fabricated on nitrogen-ion-implanted GaAs
JF  - Applied physics letters. 87 (2005)
Y1  - 2005
SP  - 041106-1
EP  - 041106-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller-Veggian, Mattea
A1  - Turek, M.
A1  - Colautti, P.
T1  - The new Twin mini TEPC: an advanced tool for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
JF  - Annual report / Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, LNL, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. 2004 (2005)
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 88-7337-008-X
N1  - LNL-INFN(REP)-204/2005
SP  - 244
EP  - 245
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller-Veggian, Mattea
A1  - De Nardo, L.
A1  - Balbinot, G.
A1  - Colautti, P.
T1  - Leak Microstructures Operation at low pressure of propane: application at the Trigger&Anti-Trigger system of the STARTRACK Experiment
JF  - Annual report / Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, LNL, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. 2004 (2005)
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 88-7337-008-X
N1  - LNL-INFN(REP)-204/2005
SP  - 242
EP  - 243
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller-Veggian, Mattea
A1  - Garbe, S.
A1  - Nour, Y.
A1  - Wolf, K.
T1  - Scattered dose determination using the semiconductor diodes for a mask based whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with high-energy photons
JF  - Biomedizinische Technik. 50 (2005), H. 2
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0932-4666
SP  - 1069
EP  - 1070
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pietsch, Wolfram
T1  - Customer-Oriented Specification and Evaluation of IT Service Level Agreements
JF  - Software process improvement : Elektronische Ressource : 12th European conference ; proceedings / EuroSPI 2005, Budapest, Hungary, November 9 - 11, 2005. Ita Richardson ... (ed.)
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 3-540-30286-7
N1  - Lecture notes in computer science ; 3792 ; EuroSPI <12, 2005, Budapest>
SP  - 83
EP  - 94
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mikulics, M.
A1  - Adam, R.
A1  - Kordos, P.
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Lüth, H.
A1  - Wu, S.
A1  - Zheng, X.
A1  - Sobolewski, R.
T1  - Ultrafast low-temperature-grown epitaxial GaAs photodetectors transferred on flexible plastic substrates
JF  - IEEE photonics technology letters : IEEE PTL. 17 (2005), H. 8
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 1041-1135
SP  - 1725
EP  - 1727
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Czupalla, Markus
A1  - Horneck, G.
A1  - Blome, Hans-Joachim
T1  - The conceptual design of a hybrid life support system based on the evaluation and comparison of terrestrial testbeds
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0273-1177
VL  - 35
IS  - 9
SP  - 1609
EP  - 1620
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller-Veggian, Mattea
A1  - Garbe, S.
A1  - Nour, Y.
A1  - Wolf, K.
T1  - 468 Scatter dose determination at the eye lens during a mask based whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT)
JF  - Radiotherapy and Oncology
Y1  - 2005
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8140(05)81444-6
SN  - 0167-8140
VL  - 76
IS  - Suppl. 2
SP  - S202
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Selmer, Thorsten
A1  - Pierik, Antonio J.
A1  - Heider, Johann
T1  - New glycyl radical enzymes catalysing key metabolic steps in anaerobic bacteria
JF  - Biological Chemistry. 386 (2005), H. 10
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 1431-6730
SP  - 981
EP  - 988
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Selmer, Thorsten
A1  - Achebach, Stephanie
A1  - Unden, Gottfried
T1  - Properties and significance of apoFNR as a second form of air-inactivated [4Fe-4S]·FNR of Escherichia coli / Achebach, S. ; Selmer, T. ; Unden, G.
JF  - The FEBS Journal. 272 (2005), H. 16
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 1742-464X
SP  - 4260
EP  - 4269
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Selmer, Thorsten
A1  - Hermann, Gloria
A1  - Jessen, Holly
A1  - Gokarn, Ravi R.
T1  - Two beta-alanyl-CoA:ammonia lyases in Clostridium propionicum / Herrmann , G. ;  Selmer,  T. ; Jessen,  HJ. ; Gokarn,  RR. ; Selifonova,  O. ;  Gort , SJ. ; , Buckel, W.
JF  - The FEBS Journal. 272 (2005), H. 3
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 1742-464X
SP  - 813
EP  - 821
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Seboldt, W.
T1  - Multiple Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous and Sample Return Using First Generation Solar Sailcraft
JF  - Acta Astronautica. 57 (2005), H. 11
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0094-5765
SP  - 864
EP  - 875
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
T1  - Optimization of very-low-thrust trajectories using evolutionary neurocontrol
JF  - Acta Astronautica. 57 (2005), H. 2-8
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0094-5765
SP  - 175
EP  - 185
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prume, Klaus
A1  - Meyer, René
A1  - Waser, Rainer
A1  - Schmitz, Torsten
T1  - Dynamic leakage current compensation in ferroelectric thin-film capacitor structures / Meyer, René ; Waser, Rainer ; Prume, Klaus ; Schmitz, Torsten ; Tiedke, Stephan
JF  - Applied Physics Letters . 86 (2005), H. 14
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0003-6951
SP  - 142907-1
EP  - 142907-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prume, Klaus
A1  - Peter, F.
A1  - Rüdiger, A.
A1  - Dittmann, R.
T1  - Analysis of shape effects on the piezoresponse in ferroelectric nanograins with and without adsorbates / Peter, F. ; Rüdiger, A. ; Dittmann, R. ; Waser, R. ; Szot, K. ; Reichenberg, B. ; Prume, K. ;
JF  - Applied Physics Letters  . 87 (2005), H. 8
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0003-6951
SP  - 082901
EP  - 082901-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kallweit, Stephan
A1  - Kaminsky, R.
A1  - Rossi, M.
A1  - Morbiducci, U.
T1  - Time resolved PIV technique for high temporal resolution measurements of prosthetic heart valves fluid dynamics / Kaminsky, R. ; Rossi, M. ; Morbiducci, U. ; Scalise, L. ; Catellini, P. ; Kallweit, S. ; Verdonck, P. ; Grigioni, M.
JF  - The International Journal of Artificial Organs. 28 (2005), H. 9
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 1724-6040
N1  - Abstracts: XXXII Annual ESAO Congress, 5-8 October 2005, Bologna - Italy
SP  - 946
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kallweit, Stephan
A1  - Kaminsky, R.
A1  - Rossi, M.
A1  - Morbiducci, U.
T1  - 2D PIV Study of the flow downstream : Two prototypes of a ney monoleaflet artificial aortic heart valve prosthesis / Kaminsky, R. ; Kramm, K. ; Weber, H. J. ; Simons, A. P. ; Kallweit, S. ; Verdonck, P. R.
JF  - The International Journal of Artificial Organs. 28 (2005), H. 9
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 1724-6040
N1  - Abstracts: XXXII Annual ESAO Congress, 5-8 October 2005, Bologna - Italy
SP  - 921
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kallweit, Stephan
A1  - Kaminsky, R.
A1  - Rossi, M.
A1  - Morbiducci, U.
T1  - 3D PIV measurements of prosthetic heart valve dynamics / Kaminsky, R. ; Rossi, M. ; Morbiducci, U. ; Scalise, L. ; Castellini, P. ; Kallweit, S. ; Verdonck, P. ; Grigioni, M.
JF  - The International Journal of Artificial Organs. 28 (2005), H. 9
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 1724-6040
N1  - Abstracts: XXXII Annual ESAO Congress, 5-8 October 2005, Bologna - Italy
SP  - 868
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Öhlschläger, Peter
A1  - Steinberg, Thorsten
A1  - Sehr, Peter
A1  - Osen, Wolfram
T1  - Modification of HPV 16 E7 genes: correlation between the level of protein expression and CTL response after immunization of C57BL/6 mice / Steinberg, Thorsten ; Öhlschläger, Peter ; Sehr, Peter ; Osen, Wolfram ; Gissmann, Lutz
JF  - Vaccine. 23 (2005), H. 9
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0264-410X
SP  - 1149
EP  - 1157
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
A1  - Jacobs, Stefan
A1  - Lakemeyer, Gerhard
T1  - Controlling Unreal Tournament 2004 Bots with the logic-based action language Golog / Jacobs, Stefan ; Ferrein, Alexander ; Lakemeyer, Gerhard
JF  - Proceedings of the First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE).
Y1  - 2005
SP  - 151
EP  - 152
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
A1  - Dylla, Frank
A1  - Lakemeyer, Gerhard
A1  - Murray, Jan
T1  - Towards a League-Independent Qualitative Soccer Theory for RoboCup  / Dylla, Frank ; Ferrein, Alexander ; Lakemeyer, Gerhard ; Murray, Jan ; Obst, Oliver ; Röfer, Thomas ; Stolzenburg, Frieder ; Visser, Ubbo
JF  - RoboCup 2004: Robot Soccer World Cup VIII / Daniele Nardi ... (ed.).
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 978-3-540-25046-8
N1  - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ; 3276
SP  - 611
EP  - 618
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
A1  - Jacobs, Stefan
A1  - Lakemeyer, Gerhard
T1  - Unreal Golog Bots / Jacobs, Stefan ; Ferrein, Alexander ; Lakemeyer, Gerhard
JF  - IJCAI-05 Workshop on Reasoning, Representation, and Learning in Computer Games
Y1  - 2005
SP  - 31
EP  - 36
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
A1  - Fritz, Christian
A1  - Lakemeyer, Gerhard
T1  - Using Golog for Deliberation and Team Coordination in Robotic Soccer / Ferrein, Alexander ; Fritz, Christian ; Lakemeyer, Gerhard
JF  - Künstliche Intelligenz : KI. 19 (2005), H. 1
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0933-1875
SP  - 24
EP  - 30
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
T1  - Specifying Soccer Moves with Golog
JF  - Book of abstracts : Cologne, 15 - 17 September 2004 / 1st International Working Conference IT and Sport & 5th conference DVS-Section Computer Science in Sport
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 3-00-014576-1
N1  - International Working Conference IT and Sport 1, 2004, Köln ; Deutsche Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft
SP  - 161
EP  - 165
PB  - German Sport Univ.
CY  - Köln
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Koshitz, I. N.
A1  - Svetlowa, O. V.
A1  - Makarov, F. N.
T1  - Biomechanical analysis of traditional and contemporary conceptions on pathogenesis of the primary open angle glaucoma / Koshitz, I. N. ; Svetlova, O. V. ; Kotliar, K. E. ; Makarov, F. N. ;  Smolnikov, B. A.
JF  - Glaukoma (2005)
Y1  - 2005
N1  - Original in Russisch
SP  - 41
EP  - 63
PB  - -
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maggakis-Kelemen, Christina
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
T1  - Polystyrene sulfonate/Polyallylamine hydrochloride microcapsules as potential artificial red blood cells - improvement of capsule flexibility
JF  - Biomedizinische Technik. 50 (2005), H. Erg.-Bd. 1
Y1  - 2005
SP  - 324
EP  - 326
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül
A1  - Nishikawa, K.
A1  - Cook, M.
T1  - Bactericidal effects of plasma-generated cluster ions
JF  - Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. 43 (2005), H. 6
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 1741-0444
SP  - 800
EP  - 807
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Streun, M.
A1  - Christ, D.
A1  - Hellendung, A.
A1  - Larue, H.
A1  - Ziemons, Karl
A1  - Halling, H.
T1  - Effects of crosstalk and gain nonuniformity using multichannel PMTs in the Clearpet® scanner
JF  - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
N2  - The ClearPET® scanners developed by the Crystal Clear Collaboration use multichannel PMTs as photodetectors with scintillator pixels coupled individually to each channel. In order to localize an event each channel anode is connected to a comparator that triggers when the anode signal exceeds a common predefined threshold. Two major difficulties here are crosstalk of light and the gain nonuniformity of the PMT channels. Crosstalk can generate false triggering in channels adjacent to the actual event. On the one hand this can be suppressed by sufficiently increasing the threshold, but on the other hand a threshold too high can already prevent valid events on the lower gain channels from being detected. Finally, both effects restrict the dynamic range of pulse heights that can be processed. The requirements to the dynamic range are not low as the ClearPET® scanners detect the depth of interaction by phoswich pixels consisting of LSO and Lu0.7Y0.3AP, two scintillators with different light yields. We will present a model to estimate the achievable dynamic range and show solutions to increase it.
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0168-9002
N1  - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Inorganic Scintillators and their Use in Scientific and Industrial Applications
VL  - 537
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 402
EP  - 405
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ziemons, Karl
A1  - Auffray, E.
A1  - Barbier, R.
A1  - Brandenburg, G.
A1  - Bruyndonckx, P.
T1  - The ClearPET™ project: Development of a 2nd generation high-performance small animal PET scanner
JF  - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
N2  - Second generation high-performance PET scanners, called ClearPET™1, have been developed by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). High sensitivity and high spatial resolution for the ClearPET camera is achieved by using a phoswich arrangement combining two different types of lutetium-based scintillator materials: LSO from CTI and LuYAP:Ce from the CCC (ISTC project). In a first ClearPET prototype, phoswich arrangements of 8×8 crystals of 2×2×10 mm3 are coupled to multi-channel photomultiplier tubes (Hamamatsu R7600). A unit of four PMTs arranged in-line represents one of 20 sectors of the ring design. The opening diameter of the ring is 120 mm, the axial detector length is 110 mm.The PMT pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the exact pulse starting time, which is subsequently used for coincidence detection. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view.

Preliminary data shows a correct identification of the crystal layer about (98±1)%. Typically the energy resolution is (23.3±0.5)% for the luyap layer and (15.4±0.4)% for the lso layer. early studies showed the timing resolution of 2 ns FWHM and 4.8 ns FWTM. the intrinsic spatial resolution ranges from 1.37 mm to 1.61 mm full-width of half-maximum (FWHM) with a mean of 1.48 mm FWHM. further improvements in image and energy resolution are expected when the system geometry is fully modeled.
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0168-9002
N1  - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Inorganic Scintillators and their Use in Scientific and Industrial Applications
VL  - 537
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 307
EP  - 311
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Khodaverdi, M.
A1  - Chatziioannou, A. F.
A1  - Weber, S.
A1  - Ziemons, Karl
A1  - Halling, H.
A1  - Pietrzyk, U.
T1  - Investigation of different MicroCT scanner configurations by GEANT4 simulations
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
N2  - This study has been performed to design the combination of the new ClearPET (ClearPET is a trademark of the Crystal Clear Collaboration), a small animal positron emission tomography (PET) system, with a micro-computed tomography (microCT) scanner. The properties of different microCT systems have been determined by simulations based on GEANT4. We will demonstrate the influence of the detector material and the X-ray spectrum on the obtained contrast. Four different detector materials (selenium, cadmium zinc telluride, cesium iodide and gadolinium oxysulfide) and two X-ray spectra (a molybdenum and a tungsten source) have been considered. The spectra have also been modified by aluminum filters of varying thickness. The contrast between different tissue types (water, air, brain, bone and fat) has been simulated by using a suitable phantom. The results indicate the possibility to improve the image contrast in microCT by an optimized combination of the X-ray source and detector material.
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0018-9499
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
SP  - 188
EP  - 192
ER  -