• search hit 8 of 10
Back to Result List

Key contributors to signal generation in frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD): an in silico study

  • Frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) is a sensitive and selective technique to detect magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) serving as probes for binding biological targets. Its principle relies on the nonlinear magnetic relaxation dynamics of a particle ensemble interacting with a dual frequency external magnetic field. In order to increase its sensitivity, lower its limit of detection and overall improve its applicability in biosensing, matching combinations of external field parameters and internal particle properties are being sought to advance FMMD. In this study, we systematically probe the aforementioned interaction with coupled Néel–Brownian dynamic relaxation simulations to examine how key MNP properties as well as applied field parameters affect the frequency mixing signal generation. It is found that the core size of MNPs dominates their nonlinear magnetic response, with the strongest contributions from the largest particles. The drive field amplitude dominates the shape of the field-dependent response, whereas effective anisotropy and hydrodynamic size of the particles only weakly influence the signal generation in FMMD. For tailoring the MNP properties and parameters of the setup towards optimal FMMD signal generation, our findings suggest choosing large particles of core sizes dc > 25 nm nm with narrow size distributions (σ < 0.1) to minimize the required drive field amplitude. This allows potential improvements of FMMD as a stand-alone application, as well as advances in magnetic particle imaging, hyperthermia and magnetic immunoassays.

Export metadata

Additional Services

Share in Twitter Search Google Scholar
Metadaten
Author:Ulrich M. EngelmannORCiD, Beril Simsek, Ahmed Shalaby, Hans-Joachim KrauseORCiD
DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061945
ISSN:1424-8220
Parent Title (English):Sensors
Publisher:MDPI
Place of publication:Basel
Document Type:Article
Language:English
Year of Completion:2024
Date of first Publication:2024/03/18
Date of the Publication (Server):2024/03/19
Tag:coupled Néel–Brownian relaxation dynamics; frequency mixing magnetic detection; key performance indicators; magnetic biosensing; magnetic nanoparticles; magnetic relaxation; micromagnetic simulation
Volume:24
Issue:6
Length:Artikel 1945
Note:
This article belongs to the Special Issue "Advances in Magnetic Sensors and Their Applications"
Link:https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061945
Zugriffsart:weltweit
Institutes:FH Aachen / Fachbereich Medizintechnik und Technomathematik
FH Aachen / INB - Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien
collections:Verlag / MDPI
Open Access / Gold
Licence (German):License LogoCreative Commons - Namensnennung