Air–water flows

  • High Froude-number open-channel flows can entrain significant volumes of air, a phenomenon that occurs continuously in spillways, in free-falling jets and in hydraulic jumps, or as localized events, notably at the toe of hydraulic jumps or in plunging jets. Within these flows, turbulence generates millions of bubbles and droplets as well as highly distorted wavy air–water interfaces. This phenomenon is crucial from a design perspective, as it influences the behaviour of high-velocity flows, potentially impairing the safety of dam operations. This review examines recent scientific and engineering progress, highlighting foundational studies and emerging developments. Notable advances have been achieved in the past decades through improved sampling of flows and the development of physics-based models. Current challenges are also identified for instrumentation, numerical modelling and (up)scaling that hinder the formulation of fundamental theories, which are instrumental for improving predictive models, able to offer robust support for the design of large hydraulic structures at prototype scale.

Export metadata

Additional Services

Share in X Search Google Scholar
Metadaten
Author:Daniel Valero, Stefan Felder, Matthias Kramer, Hang Wang, José M. Carrillo, Michael Pfister, Daniel Bernhard BungORCiD
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2024.2379482
ISSN:0022-1686 (Print)
ISSN:1814-2079 (Online)
Parent Title (English):Journal of Hydraulic Research
Publisher:Taylor & Francis
Document Type:Article
Language:English
Year of Completion:2024
Volume:62
Issue:4
First Page:319
Last Page:339
Peer Review:Ja
Link:https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2024.2379482
Zugriffsart:weltweit
Institutes:FH Aachen / Fachbereich Bauingenieurwesen
open_access (DINI-Set):open_access
collections:Verlag / Taylor & Francis
Open Access / Hybrid
Licence (German): Creative Commons - Namensnennung-Nicht kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung