Refine
Author
- Manfred Staat (132)
- Gerhard Artmann (91)
- Ilya Digel (84)
- Konstantin Kotliar (80)
- Bernd Dachwald (73)
- Aysegül Temiz Artmann (60)
- Kirsten Albracht (46)
- Mehdi Behbahani (34)
- Stefan Sponagel (27)
- Peter Linder (26)
- M. Behr (16)
- Kilian Wegmann (15)
- Peter Kayser (14)
- Ines M. Lanzl (13)
- M. Heitzer (13)
- Dariusz Porst (12)
- Thanh Ngoc Tran (12)
- Walthard Vilser (12)
- Alexander Jung (10)
- Ines Lanzl (10)
- K. Mottaghy (10)
- Michael Hackl (10)
- W. Seboldt (10)
- Jörn Rittweger (9)
- Jürgen Hescheler (9)
- Jürgen Trzewik (9)
- Matthias Gossmann (9)
- Christoph Schmaderer (8)
- Gerrit Alexander Schubert (8)
- Hans Clusmann (8)
- Henner Hanssen (8)
- Kay Zerlin (8)
- Uwe Heemann (8)
- Walid Albanna (8)
- Wolfgang Seboldt (8)
- Julia Kowalski (7)
- L. Tran (7)
- Stephanie Lucina Kahmann (7)
- Tim Leschinger (7)
- Walter van Laack (7)
- A. A. Zhubanova (6)
- Adamantios Arampatzis (6)
- Andreas Horbach (6)
- Andreas M. Stadler (6)
- Aroj Bhattarai (6)
- Benjamin Stäudle (6)
- Bjoern Braunstein (6)
- C. Waluga (6)
- Gert-Peter Brüggemann (6)
- Lars P. Müller (6)
- Lars Peter Müller (6)
- O. V. Svetlova (6)
- Ralf Frotscher (6)
- A. Mai (5)
- Amelie Werkhausen (5)
- Azhar A. Zhubanova (5)
- Bong Wie (5)
- Christina Maggakis-Kelemen (5)
- Dirk Abel (5)
- Eylem Kurulgan Demirci (5)
- Felix Neumaier (5)
- G. Baroud (5)
- Giovanni Mengali (5)
- Heiko K. Strüder (5)
- K. Vonderstein (5)
- M. Probst (5)
- Martin Halle (5)
- Mathias Maier (5)
- Nuraly Akimbekov (5)
- Oliver J. Quittmann (5)
- Phu Tinh Pham (5)
- Taylan Demirci (5)
- Thomas Abel (5)
- A. M. Shamshinova (4)
- A. Ohndorf (4)
- A. Schmidt-Trucksäss (4)
- Anlan Li (4)
- Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss (4)
- Colin R. McInnes (4)
- David A. Green (4)
- Duc Khoi Vu (4)
- E. Becker (4)
- Edgar Nagel (4)
- Fabian Göll (4)
- G. A. Drozdova (4)
- Georg Büldt (4)
- Guiseppe Zaccai (4)
- H. Schmid-Schönbein (4)
- I. Lanzl (4)
- I. M. Lanzl (4)
- Irina Savitskaya (4)
- J. Ballmann (4)
- Lars-Peter Müller (4)
- M. Pasquali (4)
- M. V. Zaseeva (4)
- Malcolm Macdonald (4)
- Marcus Baumann (4)
- Matteo Ceriotti (4)
- Minh Tuan Duong (4)
- N.Sh. Akimbekov (4)
- Nhu Huynh Nguyen (4)
- Nikolaus Feucht (4)
- O. K. Baskurt (4)
- Rasha Bassam (4)
- Roman Günthner (4)
- Seid-Fatima Seidova (4)
- T. Demirci (4)
- Tobias Weber (4)
- Toni Schneider (4)
- U. Akbay (4)
- Wolfram Müller (4)
- A. Levers (3)
- A.A. Zhubanova (3)
- Albert Gollhofer (3)
- Axel J. Knicker (3)
- B. Bergmann (3)
- C. Kelemen (3)
- Catharina Conzen (3)
- Charlotte Richter (3)
- Christian D. Grimm (3)
- Clemens Espe (3)
- D. Arora (3)
- Duc-Khoi Vu (3)
- Elena Monti (3)
- Evgeniy Rogachev (3)
- Gero Francke (3)
- I. Carnelli (3)
- I. N. Koshitz (3)
- I.S. Savitskaya (3)
- J. Trzewik (3)
- Jan Niklas Lüke (3)
- Jan P. Embs (3)
- Janice Waldvogel (3)
- Jens Bojsen-Møller (3)
- Joshua Meskemper (3)
- Julia Attias (3)
- K. Nishikawa (3)
- K.T. Tastambek (3)
- Karl-Heinz Gatzweiler (3)
- Kathrin Freyler (3)
- Kiros Karamanidis (3)
- Lars N. Heinke (3)
- M. Baumann (3)
- M. Halle (3)
- M. Nicolai (3)
- M. Vasile (3)
- Maike Ketelhut (3)
- Manfred Biselli (3)
- Marco Feldmann (3)
- Marco Narici (3)
- Marek Behr (3)
- Matthias Goßmann (3)
- Melanie Kolditz (3)
- Michael Helm (3)
- Miriam Weiss (3)
- N. Sh. Akimbekov (3)
- Natalia Pogorelova (3)
- Neil J. Cronin (3)
- Ngoc Trinh Tran (3)
- Nuraly S. Akimbekov (3)
- Olivier R. Seynnes (3)
- Olivier Seynnes (3)
- R. H. Tolba (3)
- R. Kreißig (3)
- Ramona Ritzmann (3)
- Ruth Kirschner-Hermanns (3)
- Sonja Stoelzle-Feix (3)
- Stephan Ulamec (3)
- Till Creutz (3)
- Timo Grimmer (3)
- Tina Foitschik (3)
- Tobias Unruh (3)
- U. Steinseifer (3)
- Ulrich Steinseifer (3)
- Volker Seifarth (3)
- Wayne Smith (3)
- Werner Zang (3)
- Z. A. Mansurov (3)
- Z.A. Mansurov (3)
- A. A. Kozhalakova (2)
- A. P. Bogoyavlenskiy (2)
- A. S. Kistaubayeva (2)
- A. Yeshibaev (2)
- A. Zhubanova (2)
- Adam Hibberd (2)
- Aida Kistaubayeva (2)
- Alessandro A. Quatra (2)
- Alessandro Peloni (2)
- Aletta E. Schutte (2)
- Alexander Hapfelmeier (2)
- Alexander Kopp (2)
- Alexander Pogrebnjak (2)
- Alexander Suess (2)
- Andreas Kriechbaumer (2)
- Andreas M. Hein (2)
- Andreas Ohndorf (2)
- András Horváth (2)
- Aravind Hariharan Raman (2)
- Axel Schmutz (2)
- Azhar Zhubanova (2)
- B. Oedekoven (2)
- Bergita Ganse (2)
- Björn Braunstein (2)
- C. Becker (2)
- C. Preiß (2)
- Caroline Lange (2)
- Cecilia Gelfi (2)
- Christine Hauser (2)
- Claudia Muggenthaler (2)
- Claudio Franceschi (2)
- D. H. Shokatayeva (2)
- Dan Fries (2)
- David Hercik (2)
- David Kuerten (2)
- Diana Sitnikova (2)
- Dinara K. Sherelkhan (2)
- Dominik Quantius (2)
- Eduard Buess (2)
- Elena Dragicevic (2)
- Emanuela Longa (2)
- Engelbert Plescher (2)
- Eva Trenz (2)
- F. N. Makarov (2)
- Fabian Baader (2)
- Frank Wappler (2)
- Franz Lura (2)
- G. Büldt (2)
- G. W. Schmid-Schönbein (2)
- G. Zaccai (2)
- Galina Balakirski (2)
- Gerhard Dikta (2)
- Gregory P. Garbe (2)
- Guido Laps (2)
- Gulzhamal Abdieva (2)
- Gözde Dursun (2)
- Gøran Paulsen (2)
- H. Dittus (2)
- H. Fichtner (2)
- H. J. Meiselman (2)
- H. Lang (2)
- H. Nojima (2)
- Hakan Oflaz (2)
- Halil Resmi (2)
- Hans-Christoph Pape (2)
- Hans-Joachim Blome (2)
- Hugo W. Huisman (2)
- Irene Di Giulio (2)
- J. Nam (2)
- J. Unger (2)
- Jan Spillner (2)
- Jan Thimo Grundmann (2)
- Janine Diehl-Schmid (2)
- Jean Schneider (2)
- Jens Biele (2)
- Jerome Defosse (2)
- Jill A. Mikucki (2)
- Joern Rittweger (2)
- Joris Kleinschmidt (2)
- Julia Nacov (2)
- K. H. Spies (2)
- K. Wirtz (2)
- Karla Eberhardt (2)
- Karya Uysal (2)
- Katharina Mayer (2)
- Kathleen A. Welch (2)
- Katya N. Mileva (2)
- Khoi Duc Vu (2)
- Kuanysh T. Tastambek (2)
- L. Richter (2)
- Leandi Lammertyn (2)
- Leonel Rios-Reyes (2)
- Lorenza Brocca (2)
- Ludmila Ignatova (2)
- Lukas Streese (2)
- M. Bork (2)
- M. Crookshank (2)
- M. Edremitlioglu (2)
- M. Hormes (2)
- M. Leipold (2)
- M. Turaliyeva (2)
- Manasvi Lingam (2)
- Manfred Leipold (2)
- Manuela Moriggi (2)
- Marcus Hormes (2)
- Marianne Görlich (2)
- Marion Ortner (2)
- Mark Schieren (2)
- Martin Flück (2)
- Martin Gosau (2)
- Martin Scaal (2)
- Martin Wiesmann (2)
- Matthias Fuest (2)
- Maximilian Sanno (2)
- Miriam Capri (2)
- Mohammad Ali (2)
- N. Akimbekov (2)
- N. S. Akimbekov (2)
- Nicole Teusch (2)
- Niels Fertig (2)
- Niklas Plange (2)
- Nikolaos Perakis (2)
- Nthai E. Ramoshaba (2)
- Nuraly Shardarbekovich Akimbekov (2)
- O. Coronado (2)
- O. Funke (2)
- O. Grottke (2)
- O. Stache (2)
- O. V. Svetlowa (2)
- Oguz K. Baskurt (2)
- P. Teitel (2)
- P.S. Ualyeva (2)
- Paolo Cerretelli (2)
- Patric Seefeldt (2)
- Peng Shang (2)
- Peng-Fei Yang (2)
- Perizat Ualieva (2)
- Peter Walter (2)
- Philipp Lohmann (2)
- Pierre Kervella (2)
- R. Falk (2)
- R. Grebe (2)
- R. Spaltofski (2)
- R. Tolba (2)
- Ralf Anding (2)
- Ralph Kahle (2)
- Renate Hausinger (2)
- Rico Rutkowski (2)
- Robert Kennedy (2)
- Roberto Bottinelli (2)
- Robin Bayer (2)
- Roger Förstner (2)
- Ruksan Cehreli (2)
- Ruth Tabaza (2)
- S. Krozer (2)
- S. Tulaczyk (2)
- Sandra Fuest (2)
- Sandra Kammerlohr (2)
- Severin Ruoss (2)
- Simon Burg (2)
- Sirina Zhantlessova (2)
- Sonja Schwarz (2)
- Stefan Birgel (2)
- Susan A. Welch (2)
- Susanne Angermann (2)
- Svetlana Bauer (2)
- T. Marshall Eubanks (2)
- T. Steffen (2)
- Thivaharan Albin (2)
- Thomas Finocchiaro (2)
- Thomas Schmitz-Rode (2)
- Timmo Koy (2)
- Torsten Loop (2)
- Ulrich Thomas (2)
- Ute Lindauer (2)
- Uwe Klinge (2)
- V. E. Berezin (2)
- Valentin Neuhaus (2)
- Valentin Rausch (2)
- Victoria L. Coverstone (2)
- Vladimir Arinkin (2)
- Volodymyr Baturkin (2)
- W. Berry Lyons (2)
- W. Vilser (2)
- Waldemar Bauer (2)
- Wojciech Kowalczyk (2)
- Wolfram F. Neiss (2)
- Young de Shi (2)
- Z. Mansurov (2)
- Zulkhair Mansurov (2)
- Auweter-Kurtz (1)
- [u.a.] (1)
- A. M. Stadler (1)
- A. Arampatzis (1)
- A. Arndt (1)
- A. Atanasyan (1)
- A. Bocahut (1)
- A. Erben (1)
- A. Eshibaev (1)
- A. Figiel-Lange (1)
- A. Goldfarb (1)
- A. Hasenau (1)
- A. Hoellig (1)
- A. Homrighausen (1)
- A. Ia. Mogilevskiĭ (1)
- A. Kharoubi (1)
- A. Kistaubaeva (1)
- A. Koshkaryev (1)
- A. Laszkovics (1)
- A. Linden (1)
- A. M. Malik (1)
- A. M. Miesse (1)
- A. Nurispahic (1)
- A. P. Panchekha (1)
- A. Prescher (1)
- A. Pressler (1)
- A. R. Kerimkulova (1)
- A. Robitzki (1)
- A. Rothermel (1)
- A. S. Kistaubaeva (1)
- A. Saparbekova (1)
- A. Schmidt-Trucksäß (1)
- A. Scholz (1)
- A. Schultz von Dratzig (1)
- A. Sydykova (1)
- A. Szumski (1)
- A. Uspabayeva (1)
- A. V. Ogneva (1)
- A. V. Shilo (1)
- A. V. Sourjikov (1)
- A. Vogel (1)
- A. Voigt (1)
- A. Wiescher (1)
- A. Zhylysbayeva (1)
- A.P. Ermolaev (1)
- A.S. Kistaubayeva (1)
- AA Antonov (1)
- AP Ermolaev (1)
- Aaron Dexter Koch (1)
- Abdurrahman Comlekci (1)
- Abigail Holland (1)
- Adel K. Marat (1)
- Afzalunnessa B. Lutfor (1)
- Aharon Wegner (1)
- Ainur Nurpeisova (1)
- Aizhan Talipova (1)
- Albert Rübben (1)
- Alberto E. Minetti (1)
- Alessandrao A. Quarta (1)
- Alessandro A. Quarta (1)
- Alessandro Fasse (1)
- Alessia Vignoli (1)
- Alexander Abel (1)
- Alexander Ciritsis (1)
- Alexander Maximilian Stadler (1)
- Alexander Süss (1)
- Alexandra Loesch (1)
- Alexey V. Dashevsky (1)
- Alfred Hager (1)
- Ali Kashefi (1)
- Ali Pookhalil (1)
- Ali Saklamaz (1)
- Alireza Rahimi (1)
- Almagul Kushugulova (1)
- Altynay Sagymbay (1)
- Amanzhol Turlybekuly (1)
- Anabel Martin-Gonzalez (1)
- Anders Henningsen (1)
- Andre Schieffer (1)
- Andrea Bruggemann (1)
- Andrea Ribeiro (1)
- Andreas G. Boehm (1)
- Andreas Gierse (1)
- Andreas Harbrecht (1)
- Andreas Maximilian Stadtler (1)
- Andreas Meyer (1)
- Andreas Peper (1)
- Andreas Prescher (1)
- Andreas Schröder (1)
- Andrew J. Ball (1)
- Andrey Bogoyavlenskiy (1)
- Angela Niedermeyer (1)
- Angi Eibl (1)
- Anja Lena Thiebes (1)
- Anke Höllig (1)
- Anna Conradi (1)
- Anna Wöhnl (1)
- Anna-Maria Liphardt (1)
- Anne Bruecken (1)
- Annemarie Wentzel (1)
- Annette Kohler (1)
- Anthony Lutton (1)
- Arne Deiseroth (1)
- Arno Trucksaess (1)
- Arun Jayaraman (1)
- Askild V. Larsen (1)
- Aurelia Santoro (1)
- Axel Pressler (1)
- B. Eissfeller (1)
- B. H. Shaimardanova (1)
- B. Heber (1)
- B. Landsmann (1)
- B. M. Doorschodt (1)
- B. M. Kayatekin (1)
- B. Philippen (1)
- B. Yolcuoglu (1)
- B. van Wulfen (1)
- Bei Zhou (1)
- Benjamin Diedrich (1)
- Benjamin Dietrich (1)
- Benjamin Staeudle (1)
- Berhard Haller (1)
- Bernd Markert (1)
- Bernhard Brehmer (1)
- Bernhard Ciritsis (1)
- Bernhard D. Ciritsis (1)
- Bernhard Haller (1)
- Birka Witta (1)
- Bong Wi (1)
- Brigitte Müller (1)
- Britt Schoenrock (1)
- Bruno Mücke (1)
- C. Cavdar (1)
- C. Conzen (1)
- C. Hauser (1)
- C. Maggakis-Kelemen (1)
- C. Maña (1)
- C. Menzel (1)
- C. O´Heras (1)
- C. O’Heras (1)
- C. P. Lohmann (1)
- C. Pekcetin (1)
- C. Schikarsky (1)
- C. Schmaderer (1)
- C. Senatore (1)
- C. Sickinger (1)
- C. Thomé (1)
- C. Wallang (1)
- C. Wiebusch (1)
- C. Winkler von Mohrenfels (1)
- C. Zetzsche (1)
- C. [u.a.] Mittermayer (1)
- C. [u.a.] Müller (1)
- Canan Coker (1)
- Candan Ozogul (1)
- Cansu Aydin (1)
- Carlien E. Myburgh (1)
- Carlo Reggiani (1)
- Carlos O'Heras (1)
- Carolin Meyer (1)
- Carsten Wiedemann (1)
- Ch. Witte (1)
- Chaitanya Krishna Mummidisetty (1)
- Chandrasekaran Jayaraman (1)
- Changsheng Xu (1)
- Charlotte Anabell May (1)
- Charlotte Zäske (1)
- Chengrui Pan (1)
- Chris Lohmann (1)
- Chris Patrick Lohmann (1)
- Christel Weiß (1)
- Christian Blume (1)
- Christian Circi (1)
- Christian G. Cornelissen (1)
- Christian Krause (1)
- Christian Ries (1)
- Christian Waluga (1)
- Christiane K. Kuhl (1)
- Christianne Vant (1)
- Christina Kelemen (1)
- Christina Scholz (1)
- Christoph Baltschun (1)
- Christoph Bourauel (1)
- Christopher B. Gardener (1)
- Christopher J. Garvey (1)
- Claudio Flores Martinez (1)
- Claudio Luchinat (1)
- Colin McInnes (1)
- Cristina Fabbri (1)
- Cristina Morsiani (1)
- D. Blandfort (1)
- D. Buchwald (1)
- D. Eliseev (1)
- D. G. Bronson (1)
- D. Heinen (1)
- D. K. Kaul (1)
- D. K. Vu (1)
- D. Lorang (1)
- D. Reber (1)
- D. Schehl (1)
- D. Uglietti (1)
- Daniel Hänggi (1)
- Daniel J. Scheerers (1)
- Daniel J. Scheeres (1)
- Daniel L. Belavy (1)
- Daniel Malinowski (1)
- Daniel Perez-Viana (1)
- Daniel Sollinger (1)
- Daniele Colombo (1)
- Daniele Romagnoli (1)
- Danita Muanghong (1)
- Dario Cazzola (1)
- Darius A. Gerlach (1)
- Dariya B. Jussupova (1)
- Darren [u.a.] Whittemore (1)
- David Kürten (1)
- David Martin (1)
- David Stadler (1)
- Denis G. Lapitan (1)
- Denis Infanger (1)
- Dieter Blottner (1)
- Dina Shokatayeva (1)
- Dirk Heinen (1)
- Dirk W. Grijpma (1)
- Dmitrii A. Rogatkin (1)
- Dmitry Nardin (1)
- Doina Gherghel (1)
- Dominik Steubl (1)
- Dominique Jonas Daab (1)
- E. A. Gorbatenkova (1)
- E. Borrmann (1)
- E. Fabian (1)
- E. Gill (1)
- E. Longhini (1)
- E. Pettit (1)
- E.F. Hicken (1)
- Eckhard Schönau (1)
- Elena Bellavista (1)
- Enrico Giampieri (1)
- Erasmia Giannakou (1)
- Erin C. Pettit (1)
- Etienne Dumont (1)
- Etienne Michael Schönbach (1)
- Eugen Mikulz (1)
- Eva-Maria Geenen (1)
- Eylem Kurulgan demirci (1)
- F. A. [u.a.] Delano (1)
- F. Bischof (1)
- F. Burger (1)
- F. Kandemir (1)
- F. Natali (1)
- F. Scholz (1)
- F. Schubert (1)
- F. Turquier (1)
- F. von Rundstedt (1)
- Farina Muris (1)
- Federico Cordero (1)
- Felix Stelter (1)
- Flutura Hima (1)
- Frank Postberg (1)
- Frank Sohl (1)
- Franz Demmel (1)
- Frauke Foerger (1)
- Frederic Schoutetens (1)
- G. Ameres (1)
- G. Barshtein (1)
- G. Dosybayeva (1)
- G. E. Wolf (1)
- G. Elibayeva (1)
- G. Groling (1)
- G. Hertel (1)
- G. J. Garvey (1)
- G. J. Schneider (1)
- G. Jakse (1)
- G. Karakulah (1)
- G. Kilthau (1)
- G. L. Fiorini (1)
- G. M. Brügge (1)
- G. Zh. Abdieva (1)
- G. [u.a.] Büldt (1)
- G. [u.a.] Schneider (1)
- G.A. Schubert (1)
- GL Grigoryan (1)
- Gamal Baroud (1)
- Gaspare Pavei (1)
- Gavin W. Lambert (1)
- Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein (1)
- Georg Gdalewitsch (1)
- Georg H. Möller (1)
- Georg Lorenz (1)
- Gerda Wurpts (1)
- Gerhard Garhofer (1)
- Gerhard Wahl (1)
- Gert-Peter Bruggemann (1)
- Gert-Peter brüggemann (1)
- Ghassem Amoabediny (1)
- Gopal S.P. Madabhushi (1)
- Grundmann Jan Thimo (1)
- Gulzhan K. Kaiyrmanova (1)
- Gül Güner (1)
- H. Ates (1)
- H. Bäumler (1)
- H. Clusmann (1)
- H. G. Hollweg (1)
- H. Gast (1)
- H. Hanssen (1)
- H. Müller (1)
- H. Niedermeier (1)
- H. Reiners (1)
- H. Resmi (1)
- H. Scheidt (1)
- H. Seipelt (1)
- H. W Loeb (1)
- H. Wolff (1)
- Hackl Michael (1)
- Hadi Tabesh (1)
- Hale Akpinar (1)
- Hanna Malyaran (1)
- Hans Christian Stubbe (1)
- Hans F. Merk (1)
- Hans-Christian Gunga (1)
- Hans-Jakob Steiger (1)
- Hans-Joachim Weber (1)
- Hans-Jürgen Raatschen (1)
- Hans-Peter Simmen (1)
- Harald Kaemmerer (1)
- Heinz Peter Janke (1)
- Hendrik S. Steyn (1)
- Henna Schulze-Steinen (1)
- Henner Hansser (1)
- Horst Wolfgang Loeb (1)
- Hugo Hellard (1)
- Hussam Aldin Hamou (1)
- Hélène Kergoat (1)
- Hülya Akhunlar (1)
- I. Bremer (1)
- I. Emslander (1)
- I. Heschel (1)
- I. N. Koshits (1)
- I. S. Hueck (1)
- I. S. Krylova (1)
- I. S. Savistkaya (1)
- I. S. Savitskaya (1)
- I. Savistkaya (1)
- I.A. Nivokov (1)
- I.S. Saviskaya (1)
- I.S. Savitkaya (1)
- I.V. Moskalenko (1)
- Ian Carnelli (1)
- Ich Thinh Tran (1)
- Ilina Murgan (1)
- Inci Cansu Aydin (1)
- Inna Kern (1)
- Ipek Seda Firat (1)
- Ipek Seda Fırat (1)
- Ipek Serat Firat (1)
- Isgard S. Hueck (1)
- Istabrak Hasan (1)
- J Wolters (1)
- J. Andermahr (1)
- J. Berdugo (1)
- J. Bojsen-Moller (1)
- J. Borggrefe (1)
- J. C. Juang (1)
- J. Clemens (1)
- J. Eschweiler (1)
- J. Haas (1)
- J. J. Miau (1)
- J. Jandosov (1)
- J. Königsfeld (1)
- J. M. Jandosov (1)
- J. Mikucki (1)
- J. O. Grosse (1)
- J. Weis (1)
- J. Whiffen (1)
- J. Wu (1)
- J. Zhou-Stache (1)
- J. Ziemer (1)
- J. Zimmermann (1)
- J.A. Mikucki (1)
- J.Z. Wu (1)
- Jaap H. van Dieen (1)
- James Cowburn (1)
- Jan Niklas Lueke (1)
- Jan Peter Embs (1)
- Jan-Peter Goldmann (1)
- Jan-Peter Koch (1)
- Jaume M. Canaves (1)
- Javier Carbajo-Lozoya (1)
- Jean-Pierre de Vera (1)
- Jeannette Heiligers (1)
- Jens Lutz (1)
- Jens M. Baron (1)
- Jens Malte Baron (1)
- Jens Mojsen-Moeller (1)
- Jessica Ricarda Gierkowski (1)
- Jianbo Li (1)
- Jill Mikucki (1)
- Joachim O. Grosse (1)
- Joana Hessel (1)
- Jochen Zange (1)
- Joe Zaccai (1)
- Johann Plange (1)
- Johanna C. Clauser (1)
- Johanna Negele (1)
- Johannes Scherr (1)
- John V. Lovasik (1)
- Jonas Böcker (1)
- Jonas Zacher (1)
- Jonas Zingsheim (1)
- Jorge Rios-Martinez (1)
- Josef Priller (1)
- Juan Grundwald (1)
- Jule Heieis (1)
- Julia Falkenstein (1)
- Julia Matschkal (1)
- Jussupova D.B. (1)
- K Hderi (1)
- K. A. Welch (1)
- K. Andac (1)
- K. Helbing (1)
- K. Kappmeyer (1)
- K. Konstantinidis (1)
- K. Lakhanova (1)
- K. Lübelsmeyer (1)
- K. Sartayeva (1)
- K. Schill (1)
- K. T. Tastambek (1)
- K. Thürmel (1)
- K. Wegmann (1)
- K. Wendt (1)
- K.-H. Schartner (1)
- K.-L. Paul Sung (1)
- K.-U. Schröder (1)
- Kaname Sasaki (1)
- Karl-Heinz Schartner (1)
- Karolin J. Pauly (1)
- Katharina Besch (1)
- Katharina Blume (1)
- Katharina Seyfried (1)
- Katharine Rossiter (1)
- Kathrin Schopen (1)
- Katja N. Mileva (1)
- Katrin Esefeld (1)
- Kerstin van Gaalen (1)
- Khosrow Mottaghy (1)
- Klau Josef Burkhart (1)
- Klaus Burckhardt (1)
- Klaus Burkhardt (1)
- Konrad Hille (1)
- Konrad Stock (1)
- Konstantin Gugleta (1)
- Konstantin Voigt (1)
- Konstantinos Konstantinidis (1)
- Kristina Adorjan (1)
- Kuanysh Tastambek (1)
- L. A. Zamuraev (1)
- L. Akynova (1)
- L. Burgazzi (1)
- L. F. Sukhodub (1)
- L. Herbeck (1)
- L. P. Müller (1)
- L. Renders (1)
- L. Spies (1)
- L. Tsinas (1)
- L.I. Melnikova (1)
- L.V. Ignatova (1)
- Lambert van Eijck (1)
- Lan Kluwe (1)
- Lars Donath (1)
- Laura A. German (1)
- Laura Burns (1)
- Laura German (1)
- Laura K. Krings (1)
- Laura Schunck (1)
- Laurence Vico (1)
- Laurenz Schmitt (1)
- Lenhard Pennig (1)
- Leo Doerr (1)
- Leonardo Tenori (1)
- Leone Malan (1)
- Leonid Kodomskoi (1)
- Leopold Schmetterer (1)
- Lida Mademli (1)
- Linda Tran (1)
- Lisa Lauts (1)
- Liudmyla B. Sukhodub (1)
- Ludger Keil (1)
- Lutz Richter (1)
- Lutz Weber (1)
- Lysan Pfützenreuter (1)
- M Bohner (1)
- M. A. Onal (1)
- M. Akhisaroglu (1)
- M. Ates (1)
- M. Biisenbaev (1)
- M. C. J. M. Schreinemachers (1)
- M. Cook (1)
- M. Duranti (1)
- M. Eiden (1)
- M. Fischöder (1)
- M. Fuest (1)
- M. Hackl (1)
- M. Krystek (1)
- M. Laumen (1)
- M. M. Maier (1)
- M. Montanus (1)
- M. Mueller (1)
- M. Rüffer (1)
- M. Sadenova (1)
- M. Sakizli (1)
- M. Schluse (1)
- M. Schwartz (1)
- M. Seiz (1)
- M. Tehei (1)
- M. Topcu (1)
- M. Turalieva (1)
- M. Weis (1)
- M. Weiss (1)
- M. Wlochal (1)
- M. [u.a.] Shao (1)
- M.A. Brockmann (1)
- Maciej Lech (1)
- Maciej Sznajder (1)
- Madina Alexyuk (1)
- Malcolm MacDonald (1)
- Malcolm McDonald (1)
- Mandana Hossein Zadeh Attar (1)
- Manghao Zhen (1)
- Manh Khuyen Truong (1)
- Manuel A. Reddemann (1)
- Marc Leßmann (1)
- Marc S. Boxberg (1)
- Marcel A. Kamp (1)
- Marco Laumen (1)
- Marco V. Narici (1)
- Marco Vincenzo Narici (1)
- Mareike Morat (1)
- Mareike Weber (1)
- Marek Mikielewicz (1)
- Maria Conte (1)
- Maria Hastermann (1)
- Maria J. Stokes (1)
- Maria Moreno Catala (1)
- Marius Köpf (1)
- Mark Hamer (1)
- Mark Melnykowycz (1)
- Mark Schoberer (1)
- Markus Czupalla (1)
- Markus P. Schlaich (1)
- Markus Probst (1)
- Markus Valter (1)
- Martin B. Warner (1)
- Martin Hildinger (1)
- Martin Magnusson (1)
- Martin Rudolph (1)
- Massimiliano Vasile (1)
- Matthias Beckler (1)
- Matthias C. Braunisch (1)
- Matthias Epple (1)
- Matthias Grossmann (1)
- Matthias Klopfer (1)
- Max J. Scheyerer (1)
- Max Zinser (1)
- Maxilian von Eynatten (1)
- Maximilian Lenz (1)
- Maximilian von Eynatten (1)
- Maxine Dibué-Adjei (1)
- Medisa Jabbari (1)
- Meral Sakizli (1)
- Michael E. Price (1)
- Michael Frick (1)
- Michael Marek Koza (1)
- Michael Ruffer (1)
- Michael Veldeman (1)
- Michael Wahle (1)
- Michael Weiss (1)
- Michael Wolf (1)
- Michaela Moser (1)
- Michele Salanova (1)
- Mike Barbeck (1)
- Mike Nicolai (1)
- Mirko Magliani (1)
- Mohammed S. Razzaque (1)
- Moldir A. Turaliyeva (1)
- Momin Sami Mohammad Alnemer (1)
- Monica Canepari (1)
- Morena Martucci (1)
- Moritz K. Brockhaus (1)
- Moritz Thielen (1)
- Muammer B. Kayatekin (1)
- Murat Topçu (1)
- Muriel Hollstein (1)
- Mutalieva A.S. (1)
- N. Feucht (1)
- N. Gronloh (1)
- N. J. Cronin (1)
- N. Uysal (1)
- N. V. Zinoviewa (1)
- N.-H. Nguyen (1)
- Nadja Kröger (1)
- Nassir Navab (1)
- Nazym P. Altynbay (1)
- Nebojsa Jovanovic (1)
- Neil J Cronin (1)
- Ngoc Tien Dao (1)
- Niccolò De Cesare (1)
- Nickos Aggeloussis (1)
- Nico T. Malan (1)
- Nicola A. Maffiuletti (1)
- Nicolai Heinze (1)
- Nicole Föckler (1)
- Nicole Kasischke (1)
- Nicole Schmitz (1)
- Nils Andreas Kraemer (1)
- Nolan Herssens (1)
- Norbert Tóth (1)
- Nusupbaeva G.E. (1)
- O. M. Panasenko (1)
- O. Pack (1)
- O. R. Seynnes (1)
- O. Sipahi (1)
- Octavian Ciobanu (1)
- Oleksandr V. Bondar (1)
- Olfa D'Angelo (1)
- Oliver Faude (1)
- Oliver Grottke (1)
- Olivier R Seynnes (1)
- Osama Seyam (1)
- Osman Yilmaz (1)
- Ozgul Sagol (1)
- Ozlem Yalcin (1)
- P. Gorissen (1)
- P. Groepper (1)
- P. Keschenau (1)
- P. Mertsch (1)
- P. S. Ualieva (1)
- P. Schankowski-Bouvier (1)
- P. [u.a.] Teitel (1)
- P. von Doetinchem (1)
- P.S. Marrocchesi (1)
- Pascal Bowitz (1)
- Patricia Hacker (1)
- Patrick Arndt (1)
- Patrick Wurm (1)
- Paul Dykta (1)
- Paul E. Muckelt (1)
- Pavel Alexyuk (1)
- Peter I. Lelkes (1)
- Peter Jeppesen (1)
- Peter Spietz (1)
- Petra Frings-Meuthen (1)
- Petra Rettberg (1)
- Philip Lazarovici (1)
- Piero Pavan (1)
- Pieter-Paul A. Vergroesen (1)
- Qian Chen (1)
- Quanqui Li (1)
- R. Abildayeva (1)
- R. Agosti (1)
- R. Bassam (1)
- R. Benkowski (1)
- R. Buettner (1)
- R. Campen (1)
- R. Förstner (1)
- R. Hoffmann (1)
- R. Kurz (1)
- R. Kühn (1)
- R. Rossaint (1)
- R. [u.a.] Grebe (1)
- R. [u.a.] Mitlöhner (1)
- Radermacher Chloé (1)
- Rafael I. Barraquer (1)
- Rahel Meier (1)
- Ralf Boden (1)
- Ralf Schmeets (1)
- Ralf Smeets (1)
- Ralph D. Lorenz (1)
- Ralph Michael (1)
- Raoul-Roman Kühn (1)
- Rashid Amin (1)
- Reinhard E. Friedrich (1)
- Rico Jahnke (1)
- Robert Dalla Pozza (1)
- Robert MacGregor (1)
- Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo (1)
- Roel Hubert Louis Haeren (1)
- Roelof D. van Wyk (1)
- Roger van Riet (1)
- Rogerio Bastos Craveiro (1)
- Roland von Känel (1)
- Rolf Rossaint (1)
- Roman Ya Kezerashvili (1)
- Ronald Knox (1)
- Rudolf Schilling (1)
- Rudolf Vetter (1)
- Rustam Sadykov (1)
- Rüdiger Kopp (1)
- S. Akbay (1)
- S. Arlt (1)
- S. Azat (1)
- S. Caliskan (1)
- S. Chien (1)
- S. D. Parkhomov (1)
- S. Elgeti (1)
- S. Engels (1)
- S. Florquin (1)
- S. G. Turyshev (1)
- S. Hiecker (1)
- S. Jockenhövel (1)
- S. K. Aknazarov (1)
- S. K. Mallipattu (1)
- S. Karschies (1)
- S. Lascar (1)
- S. M. Bauer (1)
- S. M. Tazhibayeva (1)
- S. Macht (1)
- S. P. Magnusson (1)
- S. S. Khudyakova (1)
- S. Sacquin-Mora (1)
- S. Schael (1)
- S. Stock (1)
- S. Tazhibayeva (1)
- S. Tholen (1)
- S. V. Jansen (1)
- S. Yedgar (1)
- S. Zierke (1)
- S. Zink (1)
- S. [u.a.] Yedgar (1)
- S.P. Wakely (1)
- Sabine Arlt-Körfer (1)
- Sabine Keutmann (1)
- Sabine Koch (1)
- Sabine Neuss (1)
- Salvador Jiminez German (1)
- Sandi Kaur (1)
- Sandra Rojas-Vega (1)
- Sarah Klein (1)
- Sarah Peglow (1)
- Sarah Schöngarth (1)
- Sebastian Jansen (1)
- Sebastian Kalverkamp (1)
- Sebastian Krohn (1)
- Sebastian Ludyga (1)
- Sebastian Ullrich (1)
- Sebastian V. Jansen (1)
- Selim Orgul (1)
- Serap C. Micili (1)
- Serdan Alpdogan (1)
- Serdar Alpdogan (1)
- Sergej Sjapic (1)
- Sergey V. Plotnikov (1)
- Sergio Montenegro (1)
- Sezer Caliskan (1)
- Shenan Hoppe-Ludwig (1)
- Siebo Reershemius (1)
- Silke Moll-Slodowy (1)
- Slah Drira (1)
- Slava G. Turyshev (1)
- Slawek M. Tulaczyk (1)
- Slawek Tulaczyk (1)
- Sonja Beyer (1)
- Sonny Kian Tan (1)
- Stanislas Werfel (1)
- Stefan Krämer (1)
- Stefani Röseler (1)
- Stefanie Bierbaum (1)
- Stefanie Gürzing (1)
- Stefanie Heinke (1)
- Stefano Salvioli (1)
- Steffen Willwacher (1)
- Steffi Colyer (1)
- Stephan Kemmner (1)
- Stephan Theil (1)
- Stephen Mellon (1)
- Susanna Miettinen (1)
- Susanne Bechtold-Dalla Pozza (1)
- Susanne Schröder (1)
- Suvi P. Haimi (1)
- Svetlana Chernigova (1)
- Swati Mandekar (1)
- Sydulla K. Persheyev (1)
- T. Braunschweig (1)
- T. Bretz (1)
- T. Finni (1)
- T. Frank (1)
- T. Graef (1)
- T. Hovav (1)
- T. Kaufmann (1)
- T. Kirn (1)
- T. Leschinger (1)
- T. Linde (1)
- T. Lutz (1)
- T. Neuhann (1)
- T. Nickel (1)
- T. Niederstadt (1)
- T. Reineking (1)
- T. Schervan (1)
- T. Schmitz-Rode (1)
- T. Schuster (1)
- Tanja D. Schmidt (1)
- Tarek Assali (1)
- Tatiana V. Kozlova (1)
- Th. Lutz (1)
- Thomas Fenten (1)
- Thomas Horn (1)
- Thomas M. Deserno (1)
- Thomas Pufe (1)
- Thomas Renger (1)
- Thomas Schmitz- Rode (1)
- Thomas Voigtmann (1)
- Thorsten Orlikowsky (1)
- Thuy Ha Dinh (1)
- Tim Kaufmann (1)
- Timon Kuchler (1)
- Tjalf Ziemssen (1)
- Tleumbetova N.Zh (1)
- Tobias Mikschl (1)
- Tobias Philip Schmidt (1)
- Tobias Wagner (1)
- Toke Bek (1)
- Tom Spröwitz (1)
- Torsten Kuhlen (1)
- Tra-Mi Ho (1)
- Tu Luc Trinh (1)
- U. Adbay (1)
- U. Amort (1)
- U. Bauer (1)
- U. Bestmann (1)
- U. Epple (1)
- U. Heemann (1)
- U. Keller (1)
- U. Klinge (1)
- U. Naumann (1)
- Uwe Mittag (1)
- V. A. Stegaev (1)
- V. Baltzopoulos (1)
- V. Drexel (1)
- V. Novacek (1)
- V. P. Tolmacheva (1)
- V. V. Volkov (1)
- V. Wehlitz (1)
- VP Erichev (1)
- Van Tan Giap (1)
- Veronika Kesseler (1)
- Vladimir Berezin (1)
- Volha Sjapic (1)
- Volker Maiwald (1)
- W. (u.a.) Hennings (1)
- W. Albanna (1)
- W. Bongarts (1)
- W. Hauger (1)
- W. Karpinski (1)
- W. Leimena (1)
- W. Lämmerzahl (1)
- W. Pennekamp (1)
- W. Steinhilper (1)
- W. von Lensa (1)
- W.B. Lyons (1)
- Waldmann Christoph (1)
- Walthatd Vilser (1)
- Werner Haugner (1)
- Wilfried Ley (1)
- Wilhelm Bloch (1)
- Xiaohui Qiao (1)
- Y. Suttmann (1)
- Y. Yenicerioglu (1)
- YV Levitsky (1)
- YV Mazurova (1)
- Yasin Temel (1)
- Yergali Moldakhanov (1)
- Yunpei Liang (1)
- Yuriy Sinyavsky (1)
- Yvan Fournier (1)
- Z. K. Shaimardanov (1)
- Z. Sercan (1)
- Z. Sisic (1)
- Zenonas Block (1)
- Zh. E. Aimenova (1)
- Zubeyde Erbayraktar (1)
- Ö. Üretmen (1)
- А. Zhubanova (1)
- А. А. Eshibaev (1)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (535) (remove)
Keywords
- Einspielen <Werkstoff> (7)
- FEM (4)
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (4)
- CellDrum (3)
- shakedown analysis (3)
- Einspielanalyse (2)
- Lipopolysaccharide (2)
- Shakedown analysis (2)
- Stiffness (2)
- Traglastanalyse (2)
- bacterial cellulose (2)
- carbonized rice husk (2)
- damage (2)
- limit analysis (2)
- locomotion (2)
- muscle fascicle behavior (2)
- prebiotic (2)
- shakedown (2)
- ultrasound (2)
- ultrasound imaging (2)
Reliability of the Primary Circuit Pressure Boundary of an HTR-Module under Accident Conditions
(1993)
The purpose of the current study was to examine the reproducibility of fascicle length and pennation angle of gastrocnemius medialis while human walking. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the reproducibility of fascicle length and pennation angle of gastrocnemius medialis in vivo during human gait. Twelve males performed 10 gait trials on a treadmill, in 2 separate days. B-mode ultrasonography, with the ultrasound probe firmly adjusted in the transverse and frontal planes using a special cast, was used to measure the fascicle length and the pennation angle of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM). A Vicon 624 system with three cameras operating at 120 Hz was also used to record the ankle and knee joint angles. The results showed that measurements of fascicle length and pennation angle showed high reproducibility during the gait cycle, both within the same day and between different days. Moreover, the root mean square differences between the repeated waveforms of both variables were very small, compared with their ranges (fascicle length: RMS = ∼3 mm, range: 38–63 mm; pennation angle: RMS = ∼1.5°, range: 22–32°). However, their reproducibility was lower compared to the joint angles. It was found that representative data have to be derived by a wide number of gait trials (fascicle length ∼six trials, pennation angle more than 10 trials), to assure the reliability of the fascicle length and pennation angle in human gait.
Retinal endothelial function in cardiovascular risk patients: A randomized controlled exercise trial
(2020)
Lukas Streese
; Konstantin Kotliar
; Arne Deiseroth
; Denis Infanger
; Konstantin Gugleta
; Christoph Schmaderer
; Henner Hanssen
The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on retinal microvascular endothelial function in cardiovascular (CV) risk patients. In the randomized controlled trial, middle-aged and previously sedentary patients with increased CV risk (aged 58 ± 6 years) with ≥ two CV risk factors were randomized into a 12-week HIIT (n = 33) or control group (CG, n = 36) with standard physical activity recommendations. A blinded examiner measured retinal endothelial function by flicker light-induced maximal arteriolar (ADmax) and venular (VDmax) dilatation as well as the area under the arteriolar (AFarea) and venular (VFarea) flicker curve using a retinal vessel analyzer. Standardized assessments of CV risk factors, cardiorespiratory fitness, and retinal endothelial function were performed before and after HIIT. HIIT reduced body mass index, fat mass, and low-density lipoprotein and increased muscle mass and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Both ADmax (pre: 2.7 ± 2.1%, post: 3.0 ± 2.2%, P = .018) and AFarea (pre: 32.6 ± 28.4%*s, post: 37.7 ± 30.6%*s, P = .016) increased after HIIT compared with CG (ADmax, pre: 3.2 ± 1.8%, post: 2.9 ± 1.8%, P = .254; AFarea, pre: 41.6 ± 28.5%*s, post: 37.8 ± 27.0%*s, P = .186). Venular function remained unchanged after HIIT. There was a significant association between ∆-change VO2peak and ∆-changes ADmax and AFarea (P = .026, R² = 0.073; P = .019, R² = 0.081, respectively). 12-weeks of HIIT improved retinal endothelial function in middle-aged patients with increased CV risk independent of the reduction in classical CV risk factors. Exercise has the potential to reverse or at least postpone progression of small vessel disease in older adults with increased CV risk under standard medication. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis seems to be a sensitive tool to detect treatment effects of exercise interventions on retinal microvascular endothelial function in middle-aged individuals with increased CV risk.
Nthai E. Ramoshaba
; Hugo W. Huisman
; Leandi Lammertyn
; Konstantin Kotliar
; Aletta E. Schutte
; Wayne Smith
Masked hypertension is known to induce microvascular complications. However, it is unclear whether early microvascular changes are already occurring in young, otherwise healthy adults. We therefore investigated whether retinal microvascular calibers and acute responses to a flicker stimulus are related to masked hypertension. We used the baseline data of 889 participants aged 20–30 years who were taking part in the African Prospective study on the Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension. Clinic and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure were measured. The central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent were calculated from fundus images, and retinal vessel dilation was determined in response to flicker light-induced provocation. A smaller CRAE was observed in those with masked hypertension vs. those with normotension (157.1 vs. 161.2 measuring units, P < 0.001). In forward multivariable-adjusted regression analysis, only CRAE was negatively related to masked hypertension [adjusted R² = 0.267, β = −0.097 (95% CI = −0.165; −0.029), P = 0.005], but other retinal microvascular parameters were not associated with masked hypertension. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, masked hypertension [OR = 2.333, (95% CI = 1.316; 4.241), P = 0.004] was associated with a narrower CRAE. In young healthy adults, masked hypertension was associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing, thereby reflecting early microvascular alterations known to predict cardiovascular outcomes in later life.
Konstantin Kotliar
; Henner Hanssen
; Karla Eberhardt
; Walthard Vilser
; Christoph Schmaderer
; Martin Halle
; Uwe Heemann
; M. Baumann
Retinal Vessel Analysis (RVA) in the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage: A proof of concept study
(2016)
W. Albanna
; C. Conzen
; M. Weiss
; H. Clusmann
; M. Fuest
; M. Mueller
; M.A. Brockmann
; W. Vilser
; A. Schmidt-Trucksäss
; A. Hoellig
; M. Seiz
; C. Thomé
; Konstantin Kotliar
; G.A. Schubert
Background
Timely detection of impending delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is essential to improve outcome, but poses a diagnostic challenge. Retinal vessels as an embryological part of the intracranial vasculature are easily accessible for analysis and may hold the key to a new and non-invasive monitoring technique. This investigation aims to determine the feasibility of standardized retinal vessel analysis (RVA) in the context of SAH.
Methods
In a prospective pilot study, we performed RVA in six patients awake and cooperative with SAH in the acute phase (day 2–14) and eight patients at the time of follow-up (mean 4.6±1.7months after SAH), and included 33 age-matched healthy controls. Data was acquired using a manoeuvrable Dynamic Vessel Analyzer (Imedos Systems UG, Jena) for examination of retinal vessel dimension and neurovascular coupling.
Results
Image quality was satisfactory in the majority of cases (93.3%). In the acute phase after SAH, retinal arteries were significantly dilated when compared to the control group (124.2±4.3MU vs 110.9±11.4MU, p<0.01), a difference that persisted to a lesser extent in the later stage of the disease (122.7±17.2MU, p<0.05). Testing for neurovascular coupling showed a trend towards impaired primary vasodilation and secondary vasoconstriction (p = 0.08, p = 0.09 resp.) initially and partial recovery at the time of follow-up, indicating a relative improvement in a time-dependent fashion.
Conclusion
RVA is technically feasible in patients with SAH and can detect fluctuations in vessel diameter and autoregulation even in less severely affected patients. Preliminary data suggests potential for RVA as a new and non-invasive tool for advanced SAH monitoring, but clinical relevance and prognostic value will have to be determined in a larger cohort.
Wayne Smith
; Konstantin Kotliar
; Leandi Lammertyn
; Nthai E. Ramoshaba
; Walthard Vilser
; Hugo W. Huisman
; Aletta E. Schutte
Purpose
Globally, a detrimental shift in cardiovascular disease risk factors and a higher mortality level are reported in some black populations. The retinal microvasculature provides early insight into the pathogenesis of systemic vascular diseases, but it is unclear whether retinal vessel calibers and acute retinal vessel functional responses differ between young healthy black and white adults.
Methods
We included 112 black and 143 white healthy normotensive adults (20–30 years). Retinal vessel calibers (central retinal artery and vein equivalent (CRAE and CRVE)) were calculated from retinal images and vessel caliber responses to flicker light induced provocation (FLIP) were determined. Additionally, ambulatory blood pressure (BP), anthropometry and blood samples were collected.
Results
The groups displayed similar 24 h BP profiles and anthropometry (all p > .24). Black participants demonstrated a smaller CRAE (158 ± 11 vs. 164 ± 11 MU, p < .001) compared to the white group, whereas CRVE was similar (p = .57). In response to FLIP, artery maximal dilation was greater in the black vs. white group (5.6 ± 2.1 vs. 3.3 ± 1.8%; p < .001).
Conclusions
Already at a young age, healthy black adults showed narrower retinal arteries relative to the white population. Follow-up studies are underway to show if this will be related to increased risk for hypertension development. The reason for the larger vessel dilation responses to FLIP in the black population is unclear and warrants further investigation.