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Market data for the German telecom market shows that Deutsche Telekom as the former incumbent is constantly loosing shares on all arkets for voice telephony: the market for local calls, the market for long-distance calls and the market for international calls. At the same time prices decline steadily with the latest trend being that operators offer voice services free of charge, the costs of which are covered by a monthly subscription charge. Against this background the paper examines the state of policy and regulatory reform in the telecommunications sector in Germany almost 10 years after the liberalisation of the fixed telecommunications market. Thereby the focus is on the analysis of the competitive conditions that have been established on the German market for voice telephony services. If these retail markets are competitive, there might be a need to remove remaining regulatory provisions. In the new environment of converging markets the future challenge of regulating fixed telecom markets might be to ensure that access to the network and/or services of a potentially dominant provider in a relevant market will satisfy requirements for openness and non-discrimination.
In: Advanced Engineering Informatics. Vol 21, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 67-83 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2006.10.001 eds. J.C. Kunz, I.F.C. Smith and T. Tomiyama, Elsevier, Seite 1-22 Current CAD tools are not able to support the conceptual design phase, and none of them provides a consistency analysis for sketches produced by architects. This phase is fundamental and crucial for the whole design and construction process of a building. To give architects a better support, we developed a CAD tool for conceptual design and a knowledge specification tool. The knowledge is specific to one class of buildings and it can be reused. Based on a dynamic and domain-specific knowledge ontology, different types of design rules formalize this knowledge in a graph-based form. An expressive visual language provides a user-friendly, human readable representation. Finally, a consistency analysis tool enables conceptual designs to be checked against this formal conceptual knowledge. In this article, we concentrate on the knowledge specification part. For that, we introduce the concepts and usage of a novel visual language and describe its semantics. To demonstrate the usability of our approach, two graph-based visual tools for knowledge specification and conceptual design are explained.
Password necessarily. Access only for Students by Prof. Dr. Klaus-Peter Kämper. Winter semester 2007/2008. Version 2007-08-30. 472 pages (pdf) Contents 1. Introduction 2. Introduction to Sensors 3. Introduction to Microfabrication 4. Pressure Sensors 5. Acceleration Sensors 6. Angular Rate Sensors 7. Position Sensors 8. Flow Sensors 9. Piezoelectric Actuators 10. Magnetostrictive Actuators 11. Actuators based on Shape Memory Alloys 12. Actuators based on Electrorheological Fluids 13. Actuators based on Magnetorheological Fluids
Proceedings of the International Conference on Material Theory and Nonlinear Dynamics. MatDyn. Hanoi, Vietnam, Sept. 24-26, 2007, 8 p. In this paper, a method is introduced to determine the limit load of general shells using the finite element method. The method is based on an upper bound limit and shakedown analysis with elastic-perfectly plastic material model. A non-linear constrained optimisation problem is solved by using Newton’s method in conjunction with a penalty method and the Lagrangean dual method. Numerical investigation of a pipe bend subjected to bending moments proves the effectiveness of the algorithm.
A procedure for the evaluation of the failure probability of elastic-plastic thin shell structures is presented. The procedure involves a deterministic limit and shakedown analysis for each probabilistic iteration which is based on the kinematical approach and the use the exact Ilyushin yield surface. Based on a direct definition of the limit state function, the non-linear problems may be efficiently solved by using the First and Second Order Reliabiblity Methods (Form/SORM). This direct approach reduces considerably the necessary knowledge of uncertain technological input data, computing costs and the numerical error. In: Computational plasticity / ed. by Eugenio Onate. Dordrecht: Springer 2007. VII, 265 S. (Computational Methods in Applied Sciences ; 7) (COMPLAS IX. Part 1 . International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE)). ISBN 978-1-402-06576-7 S. 186-189