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Architects and civil engineers work together regularly during their professional days and are irreplaceable for each other. This co-operation is sometimes made more difficult by the differences in their disciplinary languages and approaches. Structures are evaluated by architects on the basis of criteria such as spatial impact and usability, while civil engineers analyze them more closely by their bearing and deformation properties, as well as by constructive aspects. This diversity of assessment criteria and approaches is often continued in both academic disciplines in the view on structures.
Within the framework of the Exploratory Teaching Space (ETS), a funding program to improve teaching at RWTH Aachen University and to promote new teaching concepts, a project was carried out jointly by the Junior Professorship of Tool-Culture at the Faculty of Architecture and the Institute of Structural Concrete at the Faculty of Civil Engineering. The aim of the project is to present buildings in such a way that the differences in perception between architects and civil engineers are reduced and the common understanding is promoted.
The project develops a database, which contains a collection of striking buildings from Aachen and the surrounding area. The buildings are categorized according to terms that come from both disciplinary areas. The collection can be freely explored or crossed through learning trails. The medium of film plays a special role in presenting the buildings. The buildings are assigned to different categories of load bearing structures as linear, planar and spatial structures, and further to different types of material, functional programs and spatial characteristics. Since the buildings are located in the direct vicinity of Aachen, they can be visited by the students. This makes them more sensitive to their environment. Intrinsic motivation, as well as implicit learning is encouraged. The paper will provide a detailed report of the project, its implementation, the feedback of the students and the plans for further development.
Background: Architectural representation, nurtured by the interaction between design thinking and design action, is inherently multi-layered. However, the representation object cannot always reflect these layers. Therefore, it is claimed that these reflections and layerings can gain visibility through ‘performativity in personal knowledge’, which basically has a performative character. The specific layers of representation produced during the performativity in personal knowledge permit insights about the ‘personal way of designing’ [1]. Therefore, the question, ‘how can these layered drawings be decomposed to understand the personal way of designing’, can be defined as the beginning of the study. On the other hand, performativity in personal knowledge in architectural design is handled through the relationship between explicit and tacit knowledge and representational and non-representational theory. To discuss the practical dimension of these theoretical relations, Zvi Hecker's drawing of the Heinz-Galinski-School is examined as an example. The study aims to understand the relationships between the layers by decomposing a layered drawing analytically in order to exemplify personal ways of designing.
Methods: The study is based on qualitative research methodologies. First, a model has been formed through theoretical readings to discuss the performativity in personal knowledge. This model is used to understand the layered representations and to research the personal way of designing. Thus, one drawing of Hecker’s Heinz-Galinski-School project is chosen. Second, its layers are decomposed to detect and analyze diverse objects, which hint to different types of design tools and their application. Third, Zvi Hecker’s statements of the design process are explained through the interview data [2] and other sources. The obtained data are compared with each other.
Results: By decomposing the drawing, eleven layers are defined. These layers are used to understand the relation between the design idea and its representation. They can also be thought of as a reading system. In other words, a method to discuss Hecker’s performativity in personal knowledge is developed. Furthermore, the layers and their interconnections are described in relation to Zvi Hecker’s personal way of designing.
Conclusions: It can be said that layered representations, which are associated with the multilayered structure of performativity in personal knowledge, form the personal way of designing.
Against the background of growing data in everyday life, data processing tools become more powerful to deal with the increasing complexity in building design. The architectural planning process is offered a variety of new instruments to design, plan and communicate planning decisions. Ideally the access to information serves to secure and document the quality of the building and in the worst case, the increased data absorbs time by collection and processing without any benefit for the building and its user. Process models can illustrate the impact of information on the design- and planning process so that architect and planner can steer the process. This paper provides historic and contemporary models to visualize the architectural planning process and introduces means to describe today’s situation consisting of stakeholders, events and instruments. It explains conceptions during Renaissance in contrast to models used in the second half of the 20th century. Contemporary models are discussed regarding their value against the background of increasing computation in the building process.
Heimat entwerfen?
(2019)
Können wir Skizzenblätter, die gemischte Systeme von Text und Bildanteilen zeigen, als räumliche und zeitliche Verdichtung von Reflexionsmilieus verstehen? Wie wirkt sich die durch die räumliche Begrenzung des Blatts bedingte gleichzeitige Anwesenheit von Text und Bild aus, welche Wechselwirkungen entfalten sich? Diese Fragenstellungen führen zur Definition der ‚Multidimensionalen Arbeitsblätter‘, die als geeignetes Medium der Analyse von entwerferischen Denkprozessen verstanden werden. Anhand von fünf Beispielen wird beschrieben, wie durch dekompositorische Prozeduren Zeichnungsgenealogien sichtbar gemacht werden können, die intensive Auskunft über Entwurfshandlungen geben.
In the research domain of energy informatics, the importance of open datais rising rapidly. This can be seen as various new public datasets are created andpublished. Unfortunately, in many cases, the data is not available under a permissivelicense corresponding to the FAIR principles, often lacking accessibility or reusability.Furthermore, the source format often differs from the desired data format or does notmeet the demands to be queried in an efficient way. To solve this on a small scale atoolbox for ETL-processes is provided to create a local energy data server with openaccess data from different valuable sources in a structured format. So while the sourcesitself do not fully comply with the FAIR principles, the provided unique toolbox allows foran efficient processing of the data as if the FAIR principles would be met. The energydata server currently includes information of power systems, weather data, networkfrequency data, European energy and gas data for demand and generation and more.However, a solution to the core problem - missing alignment to the FAIR principles - isstill needed for the National Research Data Infrastructure.
Due to the transition to renewable energies, electricity markets need to be made fit for purpose. To enable the comparison of different energy market designs, modeling tools covering market actors and their heterogeneous behavior are needed. Agent-based models are ideally suited for this task. Such models can be used to simulate and analyze changes to market design or market mechanisms and their impact on market dynamics. In this paper, we conduct an evaluation and comparison of two actively developed open-source energy market simulation models. The two models, namely AMIRIS and ASSUME, are both designed to simulate future energy markets using an agent-based approach. The assessment encompasses modelling features and techniques, model performance, as well as a comparison of model results, which can serve as a blueprint for future comparative studies of simulation models. The main comparison dataset includes data of Germany in 2019 and simulates the Day-Ahead market and participating actors as individual agents. Both models are comparable close to the benchmark dataset with a MAE between 5.6 and 6.4 €/MWh while also modeling the actual dispatch realistically.