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In der Diskussion über die Digitalisierung der Forschung spielt die Frage nach der optimalen IT-Unterstützung für Forschende eine wichtige Rolle. Forschende können heute an ihren Hochschulen bzw. Wissenschaftseinrichtungen auf ein breites Angebot interner IT-Dienstleistungen zurückgreifen, das auch kooperative IT-Dienste umfasst, die von mehreren Institutionen in Zusammenarbeit bereitgestellt werden. Außerhalb der eigenen Organisation und des weiteren Verbunds hat sich im Internet zudem ein breites externes Angebot an innovativen, häufig kostenlos nutzbaren Onlinediensten entwickelt. Neben horizontalen Onlinediensten, die sich prinzipiell an jeden Internetnutzer richten (bspw. Dropbox, Twitter, WhatsApp), nimmt auch die Zahl von vertikalen Diensten für wissenschaftliche bzw. Forschungszwecke immer weiter zu (bspw. GoogleScholar, ResearchGate, figshare). Für Forschende eröffnen sich damit vielfältige neue Möglichkeiten, ihren individuellen Forschungsprozess durch digitale Werkzeuge zu verbessern. Aufgrund rechtlicher, technischer und personeller Restriktionen können jedoch interne Dienstleister bei der Identifizierung, Auswahl und Nutzung externer Onlinedienste nur wenig Unterstützung leisten. Aus einer serviceorientierten Perspektive stehen Forschende zunehmend vor dem Problem, wie sich heterogene IT-Dienste interner und externer Anbieter in den eigenen Forschungsprozess integrieren lassen. Als Lösungsansatz skizziert das Kapitel das Konzept eines persönlichen Forschungsinformationssystems
nach Gesichtspunkten eines digitalen Servicesystems.
Dimensionen 1-2019: Magazin der FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences - Wir sind FH Aachen!
(2019)
Inhaltsverzeichnis:
6 Wir sind FH!
8 Steigen Sie ein : Wir nehmen Sie mit auf eine Reise der Roboter und Maschinen
18 Grenzenlose Förderung : Das Stipendienprogramm geht in das zehnte Jahr
20 Marias neue Kleider : Wissenschaftler unterstützen die Domschatzkammer
24 Die Sprengstoffschnüffler : Fliegerbomben im Erdreich: Neues Verfahren auf Basis der Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse
26 Geschafft! : Erster marokkanischer Elektrotechnikstudent macht seinen Doppelabschluss an der FH Aachen
28 Maßgeschneidert : Dr. Denise Milinnus vom INB entwickelt digitale Biosensoren für die personalisierte Medizin
32 Auf Höhenflügen : Tobias Barth macht außergewöhnliche Luftaufnahmen
36 Über alle Berge : Talentscouting eröffnet neue Wege
38 Der etwas andere Reiseführer : FH-Studentinnen entwerfen Stadtplan für junge Menschen
42 Warum kommt mein Zug zu spät? : FH-Experten im Interview über Probleme und Lösungen der Schiene
48 Der Alina-Weg : Alina Richter promoviert bei der Volkswaren-Konzernforschung
51 Selbst ist die Frau : Die 31-jährige Meral Dural studiert erfolgreich Elektrotechnik am FH-Campus Jülich
52 An der Schnittstelle : INFORM-Professur für angewandte Mathematik und Informatik
53 Kopfnuss
54 Einmal scannen bitte : Forschungsprojekt am MASKOR-Institut wird vom Bund gefördert
56 Inspiriert vom Tier- und Pflanzenmeer : FH-Absolventin Lara Bispinck gewinnt "Future Impact Maker"
60 Schmusekurs mit dem Tiger : FH Aachen führt Kooperationsverbund mit taiwanesischen Hochschulen an
62 Impressum
06| Namibia auf der Suche nach dem Weg in die Zukunft
16| Dort arbeiten, wo andere an Urlaub denken
19| „Das macht unsere Qualität aus“
20| Sicher auf See
24| Nachhaltig im All
26| Viel Kaffee in New York
29| Wo man Digitalisierung studieren kann
30| „Ein Leben reicht nicht aus“
32| 3022 Kilometer durch Australien
36| Für die Zeit nach der Kohle
38| Der Taktgeber
40| Die Emsigen
44| Volle Kraft voraus
46| Einmal in der Zeit zurück
50| Exkursion in die Wolken
56| Echte Gefühle in virtuellen Welten
58| Wir sind FH
60| Mit Herz und Hand
61| Kopfnuss
62| Nachruf
63| Impressum
Diversity is increasingly being addressed as an innovation-promoting factor. For this reason, companies and institutions tackle the integration of a diversity management approach that enables a heterogenic perspective on innovation development. However, system-theoretical frameworks state that the implementation of diversity measures that are not tailored to the needs of the organization often leads to a rejection or reactivity with regard to the management approach. In this context, especially organizations, which are characterized by a specific hierarchical structure, a dominant habitus or specialist culture, must face the challenge of realizing a sustainable change of the corporate culture that sets the basis for implementing diversity management approaches. The presented research project focuses on analyzing the situation in a huge scientific collaborative project - so called Cluster of Excellence (CoE) - with the aim to implement a diversity - and innovation management strategy. Considering the influencing determinants, the CoE is characterized by its embeddedness in the scientific system, a complex organizational structure, and a high fluctuation rate. The paper presents a systemic approach of reflecting these factors in order to develop a diversity- and innovation management strategy. In this frame, the results of a quantitative survey of CoE employees and derived mindset-types are presented. The results show a need for taking different mindset-types into account, to be able to develop a tailored management strategy. The aim of the project is to give recommendations for developing a sustainable management concept that promotes both diversity and innovation by drawing on the persisting mindsets of organization members while reflecting top down as well as bottom up factors of implementation processes as well as the psychology of change. This paper addresses all who are concerned with the management of human resources in innovation processes and are striving for a cultural change within the framework of complex organizations.
The chapter initially provides a summary of the contents of Eurocode 8, its aim being to offer both to the students and to practising engineers an easy introduction into the calculation and dimensioning procedures of this earthquake code. Specifically, the general rules for earthquake-resistant structures, the definition of design response spectra taking behaviour and importance factors into account, the application of linear and non-linear calculation methods and the structural safety verifications at the serviceability and ultimate limit state are presented. The application of linear and non-linear calculation methods and corresponding seismic design rules is demonstrated on practical examples for reinforced concrete, steel and masonry buildings. Furthermore, the seismic assessment of existing buildings is discussed and illustrated on the example of a typical historical masonry building in Italy. The examples are worked out in detail and each step of the design process, from the preliminary analysis to the final design, is explained in detail.
A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a field-effect-based (bio-) chemical sensor, in which a desired sensing area on the sensor surface can be defined by illumination. Light addressability can be used to visualize the concentration and spatial distribution of the target molecules, e.g., H+ ions. This unique feature has great potential for the label-free imaging of the metabolic activity of living organisms. The cultivation of those organisms needs specially tailored surface properties of the sensor. O2 plasma treatment is an attractive and promising tool for rapid surface engineering. However, the potential impacts of the technique are carefully investigated for the sensors that suffer from plasma-induced damage. Herein, a LAPS with a Ta2O5 pH-sensitive surface is successfully patterned by plasma treatment, and its effects are investigated by contact angle and scanning LAPS measurements. The plasma duration of 30 s (30 W) is found to be the threshold value, where excessive wettability begins. Furthermore, this treatment approach causes moderate plasma-induced damage, which can be reduced by thermal annealing (10 min at 300 °C). These findings provide a useful guideline to support future studies, where the LAPS surface is desired to be more hydrophilic by O2 plasma treatment.
Embedded Systems für IoT
(2019)
The results of a statistical investigation of 42 fixed-wing, small to medium sized (20 kg−1000 kg) reconnaissance unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) are presented. Regression analyses are used to identify correlations of the most relevant geometry dimensions with the UAV’s maximum take-off mass. The findings allow an empirical based geometry-build up for a complete unmanned aircraft by referring to its take-off mass only. This provides a bridge between very early design stages (initial sizing) and the later determination of shapes and dimensions. The correlations might be integrated into a UAV sizing environment and allow designers to implement more sophisticated drag and weight estimation methods in this process. Additional information on correlation factors for a rough drag estimation methodology indicate how this technique can significantly enhance the accuracy of early design iterations.
The 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake, that mainly struck the homonymous Italian region provoking 28 casualties and damage to thousands of structures and infrastructures, is an exceptional source of information to question, investigate, and challenge the validity of seismic fragility functions and loss curves from an empirical standpoint. Among the most recent seismic events taking place in Europe, that of Emilia-Romagna is quite likely one of the best documented, not only in terms of experienced damages, but also for what concerns occurred losses and necessary reconstruction costs. In fact, in order to manage the compensations in a fair way both to citizens and business owners, soon after the seismic sequence, the regional administrative authority started (1) collecting damage and consequence-related data, (2) evaluating information sources and (3) taking care of the cross-checking of various reports. A specific database—so-called Sistema Informativo Gestione Europa (SFINGE)—was devoted to damaged business activities. As a result, 7 years after the seismic events, scientists can rely on a one-of-a-kind, vast and consistent database, containing information about (among other things): (1) buildings’ location and dimensions, (2) occurred structural damages, (3) experienced direct economic losses and (4) related reconstruction costs. The present work is focused on a specific data subset of SFINGE, whose elements are Long-Span-Beam buildings (mostly precast) deployed for business activities in industry, trade or agriculture. With the available set of data, empirical fragility functions, cost and loss ratio curves are elaborated, that may be included within existing Performance Based Earthquake Engineering assessment toolkits.
Due to the high number of customer contacts, fault clearances, installations, and product provisioning per year, the automation level of operational processes has a significant impact on financial results, quality, and customer experience. Therefore, the telecommunications operator Deutsche Telekom (DT) has defined a digital strategy with the objectives of zero complexity and zero complaint, one touch, agility in service, and disruptive thinking. In this context, Robotic Process Automation (RPA) was identified as an enabling technology to formulate and realize DT’s digital strategy through automation of rule-based, routine, and predictable tasks in combination with structured and stable data.
Entwicklung einer Qualitätssicherung für das Laserstrahlschweißen im Vakuum mittels Bildverarbeitung
(2019)
Obwohl es eine Vielzahl von Einführungskonzepten für ITSM gibt, hat sich bisher keines dieser Konzepte auf breiter Linie durchgesetzt. Das gilt in erhöhtem Maße für ITSM-Einführungskonzepte für KMU, wohl nicht zuletzt aufgrund der Tatsache, dass der Mehrwert von ITSM für KMU aufgrund der geringeren Größe der IT-Organisationen nur entsprechend schwieriger generiert werden kann.
Mit diesem Beitrag wird ein Einführungskonzept für ITSM in KMU systematisch hergeleitet. Dafür wurden zunächst die Treiber und Barrieren von ITSM untersucht, um daraus ein umfassendes Wirkmodell zu entwickeln. Da mit diesem Wirkungsmodell die Einflussfaktoren auf den Erfolg von ITSM in KMU deutlich werden, konnte auf dieser Basis ein Einführungskonzept abgeleitet werden, welches insbesondere die positiven Effekte unterstützt bzw.
verstärkt.
In diesem Paper wird die Entwicklung und Evaluation eines grafischen Regeleditors für das Erstellen von „Smart Living Environments“-Services vorgestellt. Dafür werden zunächst die Deduktion und Implementierung des grafischen Regeleditors erläutert. Anschließend wird eine Probandenstudie vorgestellt, in welcher der Mehrwert bezogen auf die Aspekte Zeit, Fehleranfälligkeit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit festgestellt wird.
Masonry infill walls are commonly used in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures, also in seismically active areas, although they often experience serious damage during earthquakes. One of the main reasons for their poor behaviour is the connection to the frame, which is usually constructed using mortar. This paper describes the novel solution for infill/frame connection based on application of elastomeric material between them. The system called INODIS (Innovative Decoupled Infill System) has the aim to postpone the activation of infill in in-plane direction and at the same time to provide sufficient out-of-plane support. First, experimental tests on infilled frame specimens are presented and the comparison of the results between traditionally infilled frames and infilled frames with the INODIS system are given. The results are then used for calibration and validation of numerical model, which can be further employed for investigating the influence of some material parameters on the behaviour of infilled frames with the INODIS system.
In order to maximize the possible travel distance of battery electric vehicles with one battery charge, it is mandatory to adjust all components of the powertrain carefully to each other. While current vehicle designs mostly simplify the powertrain rigorously and use an electric motor in combination with a gearbox with only one fixed transmission ratio, the use of multi-gear systems has great potential. First, a multi-speed system is able to improve the overall energy efficiency. Secondly, it is able to reduce the maximum momentum and therefore to reduce the maximum current provided by the traction battery, which results in a longer battery lifetime. In this paper, we present a systematic way to generate multi-gear gearbox designs that—combined with a certain electric motor—lead to the most efficient fulfillment of predefined load scenarios and are at the same time robust to uncertainties in the load. Therefore, we model the electric motor and the gearbox within a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Program, and optimize the efficiency of the mechanical parts of the powertrain. By combining this mathematical optimization program with an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, we are able to derive global-optimal gearbox designs for practically relevant momentum and speed requirements.
Flexible Fuel Operation of a Dry-Low-Nox Micromix Combustor with Variable Hydrogen Methane Mixtures
(2019)
Formine 2019 : In Cima
(2019)
Forschendes Lernen ist dazu geeignet, epistemische Neugier – definiert als Freude an neuen Erkenntnissen - anzuregen und zu befriedigen. Neben der Selbstwirksamkeit zeigt sich die Neugier als relevant für den Studienerfolg. Allerdings ist bisher nicht geklärt, in welcher Beziehung diese beiden Konstrukte zueinanderstehen.
Searching optimal continuous-thrust trajectories is usually a difficult and time-consuming task. The solution quality of traditional optimal-control methods depends strongly on an adequate initial guess because the solution is typically close to the initial guess, which may be far from the (unknown) global optimum. Evolutionary neurocontrol attacks continuous-thrust optimization problems from the perspective of artificial intelligence and machine learning, combining artificial neural networks and evolutionary algorithms. This chapter describes the method and shows some example results for single- and multi-phase continuous-thrust trajectory optimization problems to assess its performance. Evolutionary neurocontrol can explore the trajectory search space more exhaustively than a human expert can do with traditional optimal-control methods. Especially for difficult problems, it usually finds solutions that are closer to the global optimum. Another fundamental advantage is that continuous-thrust trajectories can be optimized without an initial guess and without expert supervision.
Water suppliers are faced with the great challenge of achieving high-quality and, at the same time, low-cost water supply. In practice, the focus is set on the most beneficial maintenance measures and/or capacity adaptations of existing water distribution systems (WDS). Since climatic and demographic influences will pose further challenges in the future, the resilience enhancement of WDS, i.e. the enhancement of their capability to withstand and recover from disturbances, has been in particular focus recently. To assess the resilience of WDS, metrics based on graph theory have been proposed. In this study, a promising approach is applied to assess the resilience of the WDS for a district in a major German City. The conducted analysis provides insight into the process of actively influencing the
resilience of WDS
Heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles decreases with gradual immobilization in hydrogels
(2019)
Humanized UGT2 and CYP3A transchromosomic rats for improved prediction of human drug metabolism
(2019)
The initial idea of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is the automation of business processes through the presentation layer of existing application systems. For this simple emulation of user input and output by software robots, no changes of the systems and architecture is required. However, considering strategic aspects of aligning business and technology on an enterprise level as well as the growing capabilities of RPA driven by artificial intelligence, interrelations between RPA and Enterprise Architecture (EA) become visible and pose new questions. In this paper we discuss the relationship between RPA and EA in terms of perspectives and implications. As workin- progress we focus on identifying new questions and research opportunities related to RPA and EA.
Improved efficiency prediction of a molten salt receiver based on dynamic cloud passage simulation
(2019)
Effective training requires high muscle forces potentially leading to training-induced injuries. Thus, continuous monitoring and controlling of the loadings applied to the musculoskeletal system along the motion trajectory is required. In this paper, a norm-optimal iterative learning control algorithm for the robot-assisted training is developed. The algorithm aims at minimizing the external knee joint moment, which is commonly used to quantify the loading of the medial compartment. To estimate the external knee joint moment, a musculoskeletal lower extremity model is implemented in OpenSim and coupled with a model of an industrial robot and a force plate mounted at its end-effector. The algorithm is tested in simulation for patients with varus, normal and valgus alignment of the knee. The results show that the algorithm is able to minimize the external knee joint moment in all three cases and converges after less than seven iterations.
Kalkulation
(2019)
Kombination qualitativer und quantitativer Methoden zur Untersuchung der Studieneinstiegsphase
(2019)
Mit Hilfe der Kombination von qualitativen und quantitativen Verfahren zielen Mixed-Methods Ansätze darauf ab, einen vertieften Einblick in komplexe Gegenstände zu gewinnen. In der Hochschulbildungsforschung finden sie zunehmend Anklang, da sie besonders geeignet erscheinen, das vielschichtige Wirkungsgefüge zu erfassen, das das Lehren und Lernen an Hochschulen auszeichnet. Der Beitrag geht den Potenzialen von Mixed-Methods Ansätzen am Beispiel einer Studie zur Studieneingangsphase nach, die den Wirkungszusammenhang zwischen der Nutzung von Angeboten für den Studieneinstieg und der Entwicklung von Studierfähigkeit untersucht. Der Beitrag veranschaulicht die Integration von Methoden und Ergebnissen, um Chancen und Grenzen von Mixed-Methods Studien für die Hochschulbildungsforschung zu diskutieren.
Kombination quantitativer und qualitativer Methoden zur Untersuchung der Studieneingangsphase
(2019)
Die steigende Popularität von mobilen Endgeräten im privaten und geschäftlichen Umfeld geht mit einem Anstieg an Sicherheitslücken und somit potentiellen Angriffsflächen einher. Als ein Element der technischen und organisatorischen Maßnahmen zum Schutz eines Netzwerkes können Monitoring-Apps dienen, die unerwünschtes Verhalten und Angriffe erkennen. Die automatisierte Überwachung von Endgeräten ist jedoch rechtlich und ethisch komplex. Dies in Kombination mit einer hohen Sensibilität der Nutzer und Nutzerinnen dieser Geräte in Bezug auf Privatsphäre, kann zu einer geringen Akzeptanz und Compliance führen. Eine datenschutzrechtlich und ethisch einwandfreie Konzeption solcher Apps bereits im Designprozess führt zu höherer Akzeptanz und verbessert so die Effizienz. Diese Analyse beschreibt Möglichkeiten zur Umsetzung.
Kyphoplasty of Osteoporotic Fractured Vertebrae: A Finite Element Analysis about Two Types of Cement
(2019)
In comparison to crude oil, biorefinery raw materials are challenging in concerns of transport and storage. The plant raw materials are more voluminous, so that shredding and compacting usually are necessary before transport. These mechanical processes can have a negative influence on the subsequent biotechnological processing and shelf life of the raw materials. Various approaches and their effects on renewable raw materials are shown. In addition, aspects of decentralized pretreatment steps are discussed. Another important aspect of pretreatment is the varying composition of the raw materials depending on the growth conditions. This problem can be solved with advanced on-site spectrometric analysis of the material.
In product development, numerous design decisions have to be made. Multi-domain virtual prototyping provides a variety of tools to assess technical feasibility of design options, however often requires substantial computational effort for just a single evaluation. A special challenge is therefore the optimal design of product families, which consist of a group of products derived from a common platform. Finding an optimal platform configuration (stating what is shared and what is individually designed for each product) and an optimal design of all products simultaneously leads to a mixed-integer nonlinear black-box optimization model. We present an optimization approach based on metamodels and a metaheuristic. To increase computational efficiency and solution quality, we compare different types of Gaussian process regression metamodels adapted from the domain of machine learning, and combine them with a genetic algorithm. We illustrate our approach on the example of a product family of electrical drives, and investigate the trade-off between solution quality and computational overhead.
Manufacturing Process Simulation for the Prediction of Tool-Part-Interaction and Ply Wrinkling
(2019)
The movement of magnetic beads due to a magnetic field gradient is of great interest in different application fields. In this report we present a technique based on a magnetic tweezers setup to measure the velocity factor of magnetically actuated individual superparamagnetic beads in a fluidic environment. Several beads can be tracked simultaneously in order to gain and improve statistics. Furthermore we show our results for different beads with hydrodynamic diameters between 200 and 1000 nm from diverse manufacturers. These measurement data can, for example, be used to determine design parameters for a magnetic separation system, like maximum flow rate and minimum separation time, or to select suitable beads for fixed experimental requirements.
MedicVR : Acceleration and Enhancement Techniques for Direct Volume Rendering in Virtual Reality
(2019)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have shown to be promising in disease studies and drug screenings [1]. Cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSCs have been extensively investigated using patch-clamping and optical methods to compare their electromechanical behaviour relative to fully matured adult cells. Mathematical models can be used for translating findings on hiPSCCMs to adult cells [2] or to better understand the mechanisms of various ion channels when a drug is applied [3,4]. Paci et al. (2013) [3] developed the first model of hiPSC-CMs, which they later refined based on new data [3]. The model is based on iCells® (Fujifilm Cellular Dynamics, Inc. (FCDI), Madison WI, USA) but major differences among several cell lines and even within a single cell line have been found and motivate an approach for creating sample-specific models. We have developed an optimisation algorithm that parameterises the conductances (in S/F=Siemens/Farad) of the latest Paci et al. model (2018) [5] using current-voltage data obtained in individual patch-clamp experiments derived from an automated patch clamp system (Patchliner, Nanion Technologies GmbH, Munich).