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Two- and three-dimensional avalanche dynamics models are being increasingly used in hazard-mitigation studies. These models can provide improved and more accurate results for hazard mapping than the simple one-dimensional models presently used in practice. However, two- and three-dimensional models generate an extensive amount of output data, making the interpretation of simulation results more difficult. To perform a simulation in three-dimensional terrain, numerical models require a digital elevation model, specification of avalanche release areas (spatial extent and volume), selection of solution methods, finding an adequate calculation resolution and, finally, the choice of friction parameters. In this paper, the importance and difficulty of correctly setting up and analysing the results of a numerical avalanche dynamics simulation is discussed. We apply the two-dimensional simulation program RAMMS to the 1968 extreme avalanche event In den Arelen. We show the effect of model input variations on simulation results and the dangers and complexities in their interpretation.
In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse der Entwicklung eines modularen festkörperbasierten Sensorsystems für die Überwachung von Zellkulturfermentationen präsentiert. Zur Messung der Elektrolytleitfähigkeit wurde das Layout von Interdigitalelektroden angepasst, um in vergleichsweise gut leitenden Elektrolyten zu messen. Durch Quervernetzung von Glucose-Oxidase mit Glutaraldehyd und Immobilisierung auf einer Platinelektrode wurde ein amperometrischer Glucosesensor mit einem linearen Messbereich von bis zu 2 mM und einer Sensitivität von 168 nA/mM realisiert.
Capacitive field-effect electrolyte-diamond-insulator-semiconductor (EDIS) structures with O-terminated nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) as sensitive gate material have been realized and investigated for the detection of pH, penicillin concentration, and layer-by-layer adsorption of polyelectrolytes. The surface oxidizing procedure of NCD thin films as well as the seeding and NCD growth process on a Si-SiO2 substrate have been improved to provide high pH-sensitive, non-porous thin films without damage of the underlying SiO2 layer and with a high coverage of O-terminated sites. The NCD surface topography, roughness, and coverage of the surface groups have been characterized by SEM, AFM and XPS methods. The EDIS sensors with O-terminated NCD film treated in oxidizing boiling mixture for 45 min show a pH sensitivity of about 50 mV/pH. The pH-sensitive properties of the NCD have been used to develop an EDIS-based penicillin biosensor with high sensitivity (65-70 mV/decade in the concentration range of 0.25-2.5 mM penicillin G) and low detection limit (5 μM). The results of label-free electrical detection of layer-by-layer adsorption of charged polyelectrolytes are presented, too.
Die Erdbebensicherheit von Gebäuden aus Kalksandsteinmauerwerk ist aktuell nach DIN 4149 mit linearen Verfahren nachzuweisen. Dies führt in der praktischen Anwendung zu großen Problemen, da selbst traditionell übliche Grundrisse teilweise nicht mehr ohne zusätzliche Maßnahmen nachweisbar sind. Zur Lösung dieser Problematik wurden von der deutschen Mauerwerksindustrie auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene Forschungsprojekte initiiert, deren Ergebnisse in Form von statisch nichtlinearen Verfahren Eingang in den Nationalen Anhang zur DIN EN 1998-1 [12] gefunden haben. Mit den Verfahren wird die Nachweissituation zukünftig grundlegend verbessert, da mit diesen die Tragwerksreserven wesentlich besser ausgenutzt werden können. Im Folgenden wird die Anwendung der Verfahren am Beispiel einer Reihenhauszeile aus Kalksandsteinmauerwerk demonstriert. Der Nachweis der Reihenhäuser wurde im Rahmen einer Zustimmung im Einzelfall, die vom Bundesverband Kalksandsteinindustrie eV in Hannover koordiniert wurde, durch unabhängige Gutachter und die Bauaufsicht eingehend geprüft und für richtig befunden. Die Durchführung des Nachweises erfolgte auf Grundlage eines an der RWTH Aachen entwickelten neuen Nachweiskonzeptes. Die baupraktische Anwendbarkeit und einfache Nachvollziehbarkeit dieses Konzepts ist durch eine softwaretechnische Umsetzung sichergestellt.
Moderne Bauwerke müssen heute eine hohe energetische Leistungsfähigkeit aufweisen und gleichzeitig alle einwirkenden Lasten sicher abtragen. Dies stellt insbesondere in Erdbebengebieten hohe Anforderungen an die verwendeten Baustoffe. Am baupraktischen Beispiel einer Doppelhaushälfte wird demonstriert, dass die Symbiose aus energieeffizientem und gleichzeitig erdbebensicherem Bauen in der höchsten deutschen Erdbebenzone mit monolithischem Ziegelmauerwerk gut realisierbar ist. Als Ziegelmauerwerk werden für die Außenwände wärmetechnisch optimierte Hochlochziegel verwendet, die sowohl die Anforderungen der Energieeinsparverordnung 2009 als auch die Anforderungen an Mauerwerkbaustoffe nach den aktuellen Erdbebennormen erfüllen. Der Erdbebennachweis der Doppelhaushälfte erfolgt mit einem nichtlinearen Nachweisverfahren, das für eine einfache praktische Anwendung programmtechnisch umgesetzt wurde. Für den Nachweis wurden aus zyklischen Schubwandversuchen ermittelte Last-Verformungskurven verwendet. Das gesamte in Deutschland noch nicht normativ geregelte Nachweiskonzept wurde im Rahmen einer Zustimmung im Einzelfall geprüft und genehmigt.
pH-sensitive properties of barium strontium titanate (BST) high-k thin films as alternative gate material for field-effect capacitive (bio-)chemical sensors based on an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor system have been investigated. The BST films of different compositions (Ba0.31Sr0.69TiO3, Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 and Mg-doped Ba0.8Sr0.2Mg0.1Ti0.9O3) were deposited by pulsed laser deposition technique from targets fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The realised sensors have been electrochemically characterised by means of impedance-spectroscopy, capacitance–voltage and constant-capacitance method. The sensors possess a Nernstian-like pH sensitivity in the concentration range between pH 3 and 11 with a response time of 5–10 s. An equivalent circuit model for the BST-based capacitive field-effect sensor is discussed.
The continuously growing amount of renewable sources starts compromising the stability of electrical grids. Contradictory to fossil fuel power plants, energy production of wind and photovoltaic (PV) energy is fluctuating. Although predictions have significantly improved, an outage of multi-MW offshore wind farms poses a challenging problem. One solution could be the integration of storage systems in the grid. After a short overview, this paper focuses on two exemplary battery storage systems, including the required power electronics. The grid integration, as well as the optimal usage of volatile energy reserves, is presented for a 5- kW PV system for home application, as well as for a 100- MW medium-voltage system, intended for wind farm usage. The efficiency and cost of topologies are investigated as a key parameter for large-scale integration of renewable power at medium- and low-voltage.
Lightning safety guidelines
(2010)
This paper introduces lightning to the layman, noting the right behaviour in front of thunderstorms as well as protective measures against lightning. It also contributes to the prevention of lightning injuries and damages. This report was prepared by the authors inside the AHG1 Group for IEC TC81 (Lightning Protection).
Solar sails provide ignificant advantages over other low-thrust propulsion systems because they produce thrust by the momentum exchange from solar radiation pressure (SRP) and thus do not consume any propellant.The force exerted on a very thin sail foil basically depends on the light incidence angle. Several analytical SRP force models that describe the SRP force acting on the sail have been established since the 1970s. All the widely used models use constant optical force coefficients of the reflecting sail material. In 2006,MENGALI et al. proposed a refined SRP force model that takes into account the dependancy of the force coefficients on the light incident angle,the sail’s distance from the sun (and thus the sail emperature) and the surface roughness of the sail material [1]. In this paper, the refined SRP force model is compared to the previous ones in order to identify the potential impact of the new model on the predicted capabilities of solar sails in performing low-cost interplanetary space missions. All force models have been implemented within InTrance, a global low-thrust trajectory optimization software utilizing evolutionary neurocontrol [2]. Two interplanetary rendezvous missions, to Mercury and the near-Earth asteroid 1996FG3, are investigated. Two solar sail performances in terms of characteristic acceleration are examined for both scenarios, 0.2 mm/s2 and 0.5 mm/s2, termed “low” and “medium” sail performance. In case of the refined SRP model, three different values of surface roughness are chosen, h = 0 nm, 10 nm and 25 nm. The results show that the refined SRP force model yields shorter transfer times than the standard model.
Latente Steuern stellen eine Schnittstelle zwischen handelsrechtlicher Rechnungslegung und Steuerrecht dar. Das Verhältnis von Handels- und Steuerrecht ist dabei keinesfalls stetig; vielmehr fordert die Dynamik des deutschen Steuerrechts in vielen Bereichen regelmäßige Anpassungen in der Bilanzierung in Handels- und Steuerbilanz. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Bilanzierung latenter Steuern im handelsrechtlichen Jahresabschluss, welche durch das BilMoG deutlich an Bedeutung gewonnen hat. Neben latenten Steuern auf temporäre Differenzen ist es nunmehr erforderlich, Verlustvorträge und die Folgen der Zinsschranke bei der Berechnung latenter Steuern zu berücksichtigen. Der nachfolgende Beitrag geht auf die Berücksichtigung von Verlust- und Zinsvorträgen und die Berücksichtigungsfähigkeit von EBITDA-Vorträgen bei der Berechnung latenter Steuern ein und beleuchtet dabei insbesondere auch praktische Fragestellungen.
In this contribution, we focus on the detection of toxic gases with living eukaryotic cells. A cell-based gas sensor system, able to measure the effects of direct exposure of gases to cells in real-time, was set up. Impedance data as well as oxygen consumption of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79) were analysed upon exposure to carbon monoxide (CO). The CO (diluted in wet synthetic air) affects the cell respiration as indicated by an attenuated respiration signal after the CO exposure as well as an instant increase of the capacitive part of the impedance signal during the gas exposure.
The Newtonian regime of a recent nonlocal extension of general relativity is investigated. Nonlocality is introduced via a scalar “constitutive” kernel in a special case of the translational gauge theory of gravitation, namely, the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. In this theory, the nonlocal aspect of gravity simulates dark matter. A nonlocal and nonlinear generalization of Poisson’s equation of Newtonian gravitation is presented. The implications of nonlocality for the gravitational physics in the solar system are briefly studied.
We consider recent reports on small-world topologies of interaction networks derived from the dynamics of spatially extended systems that are investigated in diverse scientific fields such as neurosciences, geophysics, or meteorology. With numerical simulations that mimic typical experimental situations, we have identified an important constraint when characterizing such networks: indications of a small-world topology can be expected solely due to the spatial sampling of the system along with the commonly used time series analysis based approaches to network characterization.
Currently, most workflow management systems in Grid environments provide push-oriented job distribution strategies, where jobs are explicitly delegated to resources. In those scenarios the dedicated resources execute submitted jobs according to the request of a workflow engine or Grid wide scheduler. This approach has various limitations, particularly if human interactions should be integrated in workflow execution. To support human interactions with the benefit of enabling inter organizational computation and community approaches, this poster paper proposes the idea of a pull-based task distribution strategy. Here, heterogeneous resources, including human interaction, should actively select tasks for execution from a central repository. This leads to special demands regarding security issues like access control. In the established push-based job execution the resources are responsible for granting access to workflows and job initiators. In general this is done by access control lists, where users are explicitly mapped to local accounts according to their policies. In the pull-based approach the resources actively apply for job executions by sending requests to a central task repository. This means that every resource has to be able to authenticate against the repository to be authorized for task execution. In other words the authorization is relocated from the resources to the repository. The poster paper introduces current work regarding to the mentioned security aspects in the pull-based approach within the scope of the project “HiX4AGWS”.
This Research Briefing, issued in July 2010, concluded that:
- Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe have long called for a matching legal form valid across the EU (similar to that of the European company (SE) for large firms)
- The main benefits would be the availability of uniform Europe-wide company structures, significant cost reductions for businesses and further integration of the internal market
- Given the differing national views regarding the concrete features of the new legal form there is currently no sign of an agreement being reached at the European level in the short term; however, it is possible that progress will be made in negotiations during the year
- The key issues being discussed in depth are company formation, transnationality and employee participation rights in the new European private company (SPE).
In den letzten drei bis vier Jahren unterlag der Bereich der Bilanzierung und Offenlegung von unsicheren Steuerpositionen im IFRS- und US-GAAP-Abschluss einem stetigen Wandel. Sowohl nach US-GAAP als auch nach IFRS nehmen die Anforderungen an die Bilanzierung und Offenlegung beständig zu. Schon allein dies zeigt die Bedeutung, die dem Themenbereich der Steuerrisiken beigemessen wird. Aber nicht nur im Rahmen der Berichterstattung im Jahresabschluss stehen Steuerrisiken oben auf der Agenda, auch der amerikanische Internal Revenue Service (IRS) verfolgt das Thema sehr konsequent und plant, bestimmte Unternehmen zu Angaben von Steuerrisiken im Rahmen der Steuererklärungen zu verpflichten.
Der Aufsatz befasst sich mit den neueren Entwicklungen im Bereich der Bilanzierung und Offenlegung von unsicheren Steuerpositionen in der Rechnungslegung nach IFRS, US-GAAP und HGB und der Offenlegung von Steuerrisiken im Rahmen der Steuererklärung.
Purpose of Study: Thrombosis-related complications are among the leading causes for morbidity and mortality in patients who depend on artificial organs. For the prediction of platelet behavior both the flow conditions inside the device and the thrombogenic properties of the blood-contacting surfaces must be considered. Platelet reactions under the influence of well-defined shear rates are experimentally evaluated and numerically simulated. The approach is intended for the analysis of VAD and oxygenator design.
Methods Used: A mathematical model of platelet activation, adhesion and aggregation has been implemented into a finite element CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code. The approach is based on the advective and diffusive transport equations for resting and activated platelets and platelet released agonists. Experiments with citrate-anticoagulated freshly-drawn whole blood are performed in a perfusion flow chamber as well as in a system of rotating cylinders for Couette and Taylor-vortex flow. Different biomaterials are used. The activation, adhesion and aggregation are quantified using scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry.
Summary of Results: Regions and flow conditions with a high potential for thrombus growth could be identified. The experiments clearly show the influence of the blood contacting material and governing shear rates. Numerical analysis can explain observed adhesion patterns and the degree of thrombus formation
Aims: Thrombotic complications due to activation of platelets and plasmatic clotting factors belong still to the most investigated topics in the field of study of patho-physiological mechanisms. Mathematical modeling of thrombotic reactions is established and validated in test cases. Aim of this study is to experimentally evaluate and computationally simulate platelets under the influence of well-defined shear flow conditions. Platelet behaviour and reactions are experimentally reproduced, measured and used for validation of the numerical simulation. Methods: A mathematical model of platelet activation, adhesion and aggregation has been implemented into a finite element CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code. The approach is based on the advective and diffusive transport equations for resting platelets, activated platelets and platelet released agonists. Adhesion rates for the reactive surfaces depend on the hemocompatibility properties of the surface and the local shear rate. Experiments with citrate-anticoagulated freshly-drawn whole blood are performed in a perfusion flow chamber as well as in a system of rotating cylinders for Couette and Taylor-vortex flow. Different biomaterials are used. The activation, drop of platelet concentration, adhesion and aggregation are quantified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flow cytometry. Results: Regions and flow conditions with a high potential for thrombus growth could be identified. The experiments clearly show the influence of the blood contacting material and flow properties. By means of SEM diverse platelet adhesion patterns are observed. Numerical analysis can explain the patterns and the degree of thrombus formation. Conclusion: The numerical method shows good agreement with experimental data indicating a possible prediction of initiation of activation and detection of the local adhesion areas in connection with the role of Von-Willebrand-Factor.
Urinary stone formation has been evolved to a widespread disease during the last years. The reason for the formation of urinary stones are little crystals, mostly composed of calcium oxalate, which are formed in human kidneys. The early diagnosis of the risk for urinary stone formation of patients can be determined by the “Bonn-Risk-Index” method based on the potentiometric detection of the Ca2+-ion concentration and an optical determination of the triggered crystallisation of calcium oxalate in unprocessed urine. In this work, miniaturised capacitive field-effect EMIS (electrolyte-membrane-insulator-semiconductor) sensors have been developed for the determination of the Ca2+-ion concentration in human native urine. The Ca2+-sensitive EMIS sensors have been systematically characterised by impedance spectroscopy, capacitance–voltage and constant–capacitance method in terms of sensitivity, signal stability and response time in both CaCl2 solutions and in native urine. The obtained results demonstrate the suitability of EMIS sensors for the measurement of the Ca2+-ion concentration in native urine of patients.
Design and initial performance of PlanTIS: a high-resolution positron emission tomograph for plants
(2010)
Positron emitters such as 11C, 13N and 18F and their labelled compounds are widely used in clinical diagnosis and animal studies, but can also be used to study metabolic and physiological functions in plants dynamically and in vivo. A very particular tracer molecule is 11CO2 since it can be applied to a leaf as a gas. We have developed a Plant Tomographic Imaging System (PlanTIS), a high-resolution PET scanner for plant studies. Detectors, front-end electronics and data acquisition architecture of the scanner are based on the ClearPET™ system. The detectors consist of LSO and LuYAP crystals in phoswich configuration which are coupled to position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes. Signals are continuously sampled by free running ADCs, and data are stored in a list mode format. The detectors are arranged in a horizontal plane to allow the plants to be measured in the natural upright position. Two groups of four detector modules stand face-to-face and rotate around the field-of-view. This special system geometry requires dedicated image reconstruction and normalization procedures. We present the initial performance of the detector system and first phantom and plant measurements.
Objective: As high-field cardiac MRI (CMR) becomes more widespread the propensity of ECG to interference from electromagnetic fields (EMF) and to magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) effects increases and with it the motivation for a CMR triggering alternative. This study explores the suitability of acoustic cardiac triggering (ACT) for left ventricular (LV) function assessment in healthy subjects (n=14). Methods: Quantitative analysis of 2D CINE steady-state free precession (SSFP) images was conducted to compare ACT’s performance with vector ECG (VCG). Endocardial border sharpness (EBS) was examined paralleled by quantitative LV function assessment. Results: Unlike VCG, ACT provided signal traces free of interference from EMF or MHD effects. In the case of correct Rwave recognition, VCG-triggered 2D CINE SSFP was immune to cardiac motion effects—even at 3.0 T. However, VCG-triggered 2D SSFP CINE imaging was prone to cardiac motion and EBS degradation if R-wave misregistration occurred. ACT-triggered acquisitions yielded LV parameters (end-diastolic volume (EDV), endsystolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF) and left ventricular mass (LVM)) comparable with those derived fromVCG-triggered acquisitions (1.5 T: ESVVCG=(56± 17) ml, EDVVCG=(151±32)ml, LVMVCG=(97±27) g, SVVCG=(94± 19)ml, EFVCG=(63±5)% cf. ESVACT= (56±18) ml, EDVACT=(147±36) ml, LVMACT=(102±29) g, SVACT=(91± 22) ml, EFACT=(62±6)%; 3.0 T: ESVVCG=(55±21) ml, EDVVCG=(151±32) ml, LVMVCG=(101±27) g, SVVCG=(96±15) ml, EFVCG=(65±7)% cf. ESVACT=(54±20) ml, EDVACT=(146±35) ml, LVMACT= (101±30) g, SVACT=(92±17) ml, EFACT=(64±6)%). Conclusions: ACT’s intrinsic insensitivity to interference from electromagnetic fields renders
Beobachtungskommunikation
(2010)
Tricarbonylrhenium(I) and -technetium(I) halide (halide = Cl and Br) complexes of ligands derived from 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one (df) and 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phen) derivatives of benzoic and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazides have been prepared. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, MS, IR, 1H NMR and absorption and emission UV/Vis spectroscopic methods. The metal centres (ReI and TcI) are coordinated through the nitrogen imine atoms and establish five-membered chelate rings, whereas the hydrazone groups stand uncoordinated. The 1H NMR spectra suggest the same behaviour in solution on the basis of only marginal variations in the chemical shifts of the hydrazine protons.
Comparison of intravenous immunoglobulins for naturally occurring autoantibodies against amyloid-β
(2010)
Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) are currently used for therapeutic purposes in autoimmune disorders. Recently, we demonstrated the presence of naturally occurring antibodies against amyloid- β (nAbs-Aβ) within the pool of IVIG. In this study, we compared different brands of IVIG for nAbs-Aβ and have found differences in the specificity of the nAbs-Aβ towards Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 . We analyzed the influence of a pH-shift over the course of antibody storage using ELISA and investigated antibody dimerization at acidic and neutral pH as well as differences in the IgG subclass distributions among the IVIG using both HPLC and a nephelometric assay. Furthermore, we investigated the epitope region of purified nAbs-Aβ. The differences found in Aβ specificity are not directly proportionate to the binding nature of these antibodies when administered in vivo. This information, however, may serve as a guide when choosing the commercial source of IVIG for therapeutic applications in Alzheimer's disease
The purpose of the current study in combination with our previous published data (Arampatzis et al., 2007) was to examine the effects of a controlled modulation of strain magnitude and strain frequency applied to the Achilles tendon on the plasticity of tendon mechanical and morphological properties. Eleven male adults (23.9±2.2 yr) participated in the study. The participants exercised one leg at low magnitude tendon strain (2.97±0.47%), and the other leg at high tendon strain magnitude (4.72±1.08%) of similar frequency (0.5 Hz, 1 s loading, 1 s relaxation) and exercise volume (integral of the plantar flexion moment over time) for 14 weeks, 4 days per week, 5 sets per session. The exercise volume was similar to the intervention of our earlier study (0.17 Hz frequency; 3 s loading, 3 s relaxation) allowing a direct comparison of the results. Before and after the intervention ankle joint moment has been measured by a dynamometer, tendon–aponeurosis elongation by ultrasound and cross-sectional area of the Achilles tendon by magnet resonance images (MRI). We found a decrease in strain at a given tendon force, an increase in tendon–aponeurosis stiffness and tendon elastic modulus of the Achilles tendon only in the leg exercised at high strain magnitude. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the Achilles tendon did not show any statistically significant (P>0.05) differences to the pre-exercise values in both legs. The results indicate a superior improvement in tendon properties (stiffness, elastic modulus and CSA) at the low frequency (0.17 Hz) compared to the high strain frequency (0.5 Hz) protocol. These findings provide evidence that the strain magnitude applied to the Achilles tendon should exceed the value, which occurs during habitual activities to trigger adaptational effects and that higher tendon strain duration per contraction leads to superior tendon adaptational responses.
Solarthermische Kraftwerke stellen eine bedeutende Technologieoption für einen nachhaltigen Energiemix der Zukunft dar. Sie konzentrieren die Strahlung der Sonne, erzeugen Wärme und wandeln diese mit konventioneller Kraftwerkstechnik in Strom um. Die Wärme kann auch gespeichert werden, so dass der Betrieb während des Durchzugs von Wolken möglich ist und bis in die Abendstunden hinein verlängert werden kann. Zu den solarthermischen Kraftwerken gehören neben der Parabolrinne und dem Solarturm der Fresnel-Kollektor und die Dish-Stirling-Systeme. Im Zuge einer späteren Vergrößerung des Solarfeldes von Solarkraftwerken kann mithilfe von thermischen Energiespeichern die solare Energieerzeugung bei gleichbleibender Kraftwerksleistung sukzessiv bis um den Faktor 3 erweitert werden. Es besteht so die Möglichkeit einer massiven Substitution von fossilen Brennstoffen.Bei den ersten solarthermischen Speichern für die SEGS-Parabolrinnekraftwerke wurde Öl als Speichermedium eingesetzt. Ein weiteres Speichermedium ist Salzschmelze, die im Andasol-1-Projekt in Spanien sowie bei Solarturmkraftwerken eingesetzt wird. Beton ist ein weiteres mögliches Speichermaterial für Parabolrinnensysteme. Eine weitere Alternative bei einem Solarturmkraftwerk mit Luft als Wärmeträgermedium ist die Verwendung von keramischen Feuerfestmaterialien in Form von Schüttungen oder stapelbaren, porösen Elementen. In Jülich wurde das weltweit erste solarthermische Turmkraftwerk mit einer Leistung von 1,5 MWe, das Luft als Wärmeträgermedium einsetzt und einen solchen Speicher verwendet, gebaut.
Since the 80s power production with solar thermal power plants has been a way to substitute fossil fuels. By concentrating direct solar radiation from heliostats very high temperatures of a thermal fluid can be reached. The resulting heat is converted to mechanical energy in a steam cycle which generates electricity.
High efficiencies and fast start-up are reached by using air as a heat medium, as well as using porous ceramic materials as solar receiver of the concentrated sunlight.
In Germany the construction of a 1.5 MWe solar tower power plant began in 2008. It is operational since December 2008 and started production of electricity in the spring of 2009.
In Greece and Cyprus, countries with high solar potential, the development of this competitive solar thermal technology is imperative, since it has already been implemented in other Mediterranean countries.
On the model of musculocutaneous wound in rats, the effect of applicative sorption by carbonized rise shell (CRS) on the healing of festering wound was studied. It has been shown, that cytological changes end with rapid scar formation. The use of CRS at the period of severe purulent wound contributes to its favorable course, prevents the development of complications of the animals from sepsis.
This paper aims to evaluate the formability of tailor welded blanks of dual phase (DP600)/transformation induced plasticity (TRIP700) steel sheets. In this work, bead on plate butt joints of 2·5 mm DP600 and 1·2 mm TRIP700 steel sheets were performed using CO2 laser beam welding. Microhardness measurements and transverse tensile testing were carried out to characterise the welds. The formability of base metals and welds were investigated by standard Erichsen test. In a perpendicular tensile test to the weld line, all specimens were fractured at the TRIP base metal, and the strengths were somewhat higher than those of base metal. There was a significant reduction in formability caused by welding of the DP600/TRIP700 steel sheets, and the formability increased with increasing welding speed.
The purpose of the current study was to examine the reproducibility of fascicle length and pennation angle of gastrocnemius medialis while human walking. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the reproducibility of fascicle length and pennation angle of gastrocnemius medialis in vivo during human gait. Twelve males performed 10 gait trials on a treadmill, in 2 separate days. B-mode ultrasonography, with the ultrasound probe firmly adjusted in the transverse and frontal planes using a special cast, was used to measure the fascicle length and the pennation angle of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM). A Vicon 624 system with three cameras operating at 120 Hz was also used to record the ankle and knee joint angles. The results showed that measurements of fascicle length and pennation angle showed high reproducibility during the gait cycle, both within the same day and between different days. Moreover, the root mean square differences between the repeated waveforms of both variables were very small, compared with their ranges (fascicle length: RMS = ∼3 mm, range: 38–63 mm; pennation angle: RMS = ∼1.5°, range: 22–32°). However, their reproducibility was lower compared to the joint angles. It was found that representative data have to be derived by a wide number of gait trials (fascicle length ∼six trials, pennation angle more than 10 trials), to assure the reliability of the fascicle length and pennation angle in human gait.
A novel strategy for enhanced field-effect biosensing using capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) structures functionalised with pH-responsive weak polyelectrolyte/enzyme or dendrimer/enzyme multilayers is presented. The feasibility of the proposed approach is exemplarily demonstrated by realising a penicillin biosensor based on a capacitive p-Si–SiO2 EIS structure functionalised with a poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/penicillinase and a poly(amidoamine) dendrimer/penicillinase multilayer. The developed sensors response to changes in both the local pH value near the gate surface and the charge of macromolecules induced via enzymatic reaction, resulting in a higher sensitivity. For comparison, an EIS penicillin biosensor with adsorptively immobilised penicillinase has been also studied. The highest penicillin sensitivity of 100 mV/dec has been observed for the EIS sensor functionalised with the PAH/penicillinase multilayer. The lower and upper detection limit was around 20 µM and 10 mM, respectively. In addition, an incorporation of enzymes in a multilayer prepared by layer-by-layer technique provides a larger amount of immobilised enzymes per sensor area, reduces enzyme leaching effects and thus, enhances the biosensor lifetime (the loss of penicillin sensitivity after 2 months was 10–12%).
A new approach for a label-free electrical detection of DNA hybridization and denaturation using an array of individually addressable field-effect nanoplate SOI (silicon-on-insulator) capacitors functionalized with gold nanoparticles is presented. By using a constant-capacitance measuring setup in a differential mode, signal changes of ∼110 mV and ∼70 mV have been registered after the DNA hybridization and denaturation events, respectively.
Dimensionen 1-2010
(2010)
Thema 06 Auf gehts: FH-Absolventen machen Karriere | Prof. Baumann: "Wir bilden für den Arbeitsmarkt aus" 12 Forschen auf hoher See | Porträt Judith Niesen 14 Eine Jahrhundertaufgabe für FH-Studierende | Porträt Nadine Heller und Markus Lingemann 15 Auf der Suche nach den Widersprüchen | Porträt Jan Kaster 16 Wenn die Diplomarbeit zum Geschäftsmodell wird | Porträt Tamim Swaid, Ali Yildirim, Jamil Soufan 17 Der Gefahr auf der Spur | Porträt Dr. Monika Turek 18 Die FH Aachen in neuem Gewand | Porträt CD-Team 20 "Wir beschäftigen glückliche Menschen" | Porträt Michael Doersch 21 Ganz oben down under | Porträt Thorsten Kostulski Studium 22 Auf zu neuen Ufern | FH präsentiert Designhafen auf der "boot 2010" 24 Zwischen Hörsaal, Mensa und Wickeltisch | FH Aachen baut zwei neue Kitas in Aachen und Jülich 26 Freie Fahrt zur Pünktlichkeit | Studierende befragen Fahrgäste der Deutschen Bahn AG 27 Lehren will gelernt sein | Zehn Jahre Netzwerk für hochschuldidaktische Weiterbildung 28 Weil es gemeinsam besser geht | Sechs Fachhochschulen gründen HochschulAllianz für Angewandte Wissenschaften (HAWtech) 30 Probieren geht über Studieren | Die Studierenden von morgen informieren sich beim Hochschul-Informationstag (HIT) 32 Meldungen/Studium International 36 Ein Studiengang, zwei Abschlüsse, drei Sprachen | FH Aachen und Uni Liège/Lüttich unterzeichnen Kooperationsvereinbarung für gemeinsamen Masterstudiengang 39 FH-Absolventen sollen reibungslos promovieren können | FH Aachen und Universität Hasselt kooperieren im Bio- und Nanotechnologiebereich 40 Büffeln in Kanada | Austauschabkommen der FH Aachen mit der Vancouver Island University 41 Meldungen/International FORSCHUNG 42 Stille Straßen der Zukunft | Forscher der FH Aachen entwickeln Lösungen im Bereich Elektromobilität 48 Der "IceMole" auf der Suche nach außerirdischem Leben | Eine Einschmelzsonde gräbt sich durch eine fremde Welt aus Eis 52 Die Welt der kleinsten Teilchen | Am Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien werden Nanopartikel für Forschung und Wirtschaft nutzbar gemacht 56 Das Auge des Autos | Dreidimensionale Ultraschallortung macht preiswerte Fahrerassistenzsysteme möglich 58 "Kunststoff ist der Werkstoff Nummer eins" | Das Institut für Angewandte Polymerwissenschaften ist führend in Nordrhein-Westfalen 60 Wie ein Blitz | Plasmastrahler mit Mikrowellentechnik kommt in der Haut- und Wundbehandlung zum Einsatz Personen 62 Absolventen 2009 70 Ein Motor für den Mittelstand | Handwerkskammer verleiht Prof. Dr. Johannes Gartzen das Ehrenzeichen 71 Prof. Dr. Wolfram Pietsch erhält den Akao-Preis 2009 | Verdienste um die Weiterentwicklung der QFD-Methode gewürdigt 72 Neuberufene Professorinnen und Professoren 74 Herzlichen Glückwunsch! EM wird 70 75 Prof. Hermann Josef Buchkremer wird 70 – herzlichen Glückwunsch! 76 Personalia SERVICE 78 Die Revolution der Zahlen | FH Aachen stellt die Haushaltsführung auf die doppelte Buchführung um 80 Geringere Kosten, weniger Umweltbelastung | FH Aachen und BLB erstellen Energieleitbild 81 Messen und Veranstaltungen 84 Meldungen/Service 86 Ortswechsel: Auf der Grenzroute rund um Neutral-Moresnet 87 Kopfnuss: Die Rechtecke des Schachbretts 87 Impressum
Dimensionen 2-2010
(2010)
Thema 06 Ein Meilenstein | Das größte Bauprojekt der FH Aachen ist fertig: der Campus Jülich. Auch an den Standorten Eupener Straße, Hohenstaufenallee und Bayernallee entstehen neue Gebäude. 12 „Ein großartiger Erfolg“ | Eröffnung des Neubaus am Campus Jülich 14 Der Herr der Ringe | Der Aachener Bauingenieur Hermann Tilke ist weltweit die Nummer eins im Rennstreckenbau 16 Neuer Geist in alten Mauern | Architekturstudierende entwerfen Pläne für die Aachener Kirche St. Paul 18 Die Globetrotter | Ob Rio de Janeiro, Shanghai oder Oxford: Diese FH-Bauingenieure erobern Baustellen in aller Welt 22 Mit Erdwärme gegen die Erderwärmung | Zukunftstechnologie Geothermie: Studierende der FH Aachen schaffen Bauwerke für die Zukunft 24 "Die FH Aachen ist unsere Ingenieurschmiede" | Die Heinsberger Unternehmensgruppe Frauenrath baut auf Aachener Bauingenieure Studium 26 Lehre im Doppelpack | Die FH Aachen baut ihr Studienangebot weiter aus 30 „Das würde gravierende Einschnitte für die Studierenden bedeuten“ | Rektor Prof. Dr. Marcus Baumann zu Studienbeiträgen und Hochschulfinanzierung 32 Pssst! – CHIO | FH-Studentin Kathrin Corinna Böhm entwirft Plakat für das Weltfest des Pferdesports 34 Auf Vettels Spuren | Aixtreme-Racing-Team startet auf dem Hockenheimring 38 Leuchten, die bewegen | Gestalter entwerfen kinetische Leuchtenskulpturen – Versteigerung für einen guten Zweck 40 Meldungen/Studium International 42 Die FH als Sprungbrett | Internationaler Tag: Hochschule informiert über Studieren im Ausland 44 Königliche Aussichten | Austausch mit dem Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology soll ausgebaut werden 45 Meldungen/International FORSCHUNG 46 Mit Energie in die Zukunft | Innovative Forschung an der FH Aachen 52 „Eismaulwurf“ on the rocks | FH-Forscher testen Einschmelzsonde auf Schweizer Gletscher 54 Beam me up! | Das Team um Prof. Dr. Holger Heuermann entwickelt erste Mikroplasma-Beamerlampe 56 Wie einst die Gebrüder Grimm | Kooperative Promotionen: FH Aachen und Uni Marburg arbeiten zusammen 57 Erster Forscher-Infotag der FH Aachen | Veranstaltung zur Förderung des Austauschs zwischen Professoren und Mitarbeitern 58 Frühchen früh erkennen | FH-Forscher entwickeln weltweit erstes Verfahren zur berührungslosen Diagnose von Frühgeburten 60 Meldungen/Forschung Personen 62 Im Dienst der Schönheit | Horst Robertz: Von der FH Aachen in den Chefsessel eines weltweiten Kosmetikunternehmens 64 40 Jahre Pionierarbeit in Lehre und Forschung | Friedhelm Haulena feiert sein Dienstjubiläum 64 Prof. Hermann Josef Buchkremer erhält Ehrensenatorenwürde 65 Prof. Dr. Hildegard Reitz wird 80 | Die FH Aachen gratuliert ihrer ehemaligen Rektorin 66 Schwarz mit Streifen und Pünktchen | Sabine Verheyen: Von der FH Aachen in die Europapolitik 68 Neuberufene Professorinnen und Professoren 70 Personalia SERVICE 72 Lousberglauf bringt FHler ins Schwitzen | Die Hochschule nimmt zum ersten Mal mit 20-köpfigem Team teil 74 Der Teilzeit-Papa | Flexible Arbeitszeiten: Philipp Wedding vereinbart Familie und Beruf 75 Ein Ohr für die Studierenden | Die Psychosoziale Beratungsstelle der FH Aachen stellt sich vor 76 Generation MINT | Die FH Aachen zeigt Schülerinnen und Schülern, was mit Mathe möglich ist – und eröffnet besonders für Mädchen neue Perspektiven 78 Gestatten – die FH-Renner | Drei Praxisbeispiele zeigen die Möglichkeiten des neuen Corporate Designs auf 80 Messen und Veranstaltungen 83 Kopfnuss: Send more money 84 Meldungen / Service 86 Ortswechsel: Eine Reise ins Märchenland 87 Impressum
Forschungsbericht 2010
(2010)
Forschungsbericht / Themenheft : Energie, Mobilität, Luft- und Raumfahrt. 72 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. gedruckte Ausgabe unter der Signatur 91 AKN 100-2010 Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4 Grußworte Prorektorin Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Christiane Vaeßen 6 Highlightprojekte 10 Solar-Institut-Jülich 11 Aquasol und CuveWaters 13 PaRiKo 14 Science College Overbach 15 Summer School Renewable Energy 16 Solarturm Jülich 18 Hochtemperatur-Wanderbett-Wärmeübertrager 20 Stromversorgung mit einem hohen Anteil erneuerbarer Energieerzeuger 21 Standards für solare Prozesswäre 22 Solarturmtechnik (viCERP) 24 Novum-Institut 25 MAK-Energie 26 Exbrut 27 Biogasversuchsanlage 28 MiProBa 30 Elektrotechnik 30 Ultrakompakte Leuchtstofflampe 32 ITP Mobilität 34 Elektromobilität 34 E_bike 37 Konzept-Elektrofahrzeug 4e4 40 Elektromobilitätskonzepte 43 Mobilität und Verkehr 43 Mobiliätskonzept für FH Aachen 44 Luft- und Raumfahrt, Automotive 44 Sonnensegel 46 COMPASS 48 Antriebe für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fahrzeuge 50 SAAE 52 Wasserstoff-Gasturbine 53 HyDI 54 Bioethanol als Flugbenzin 56 Zertifizierung von Luftfahrtantrieben 58 Hydrostatischer Probellerantrieb 59 Hybridantrieb und Flugzeug 61 Mix-SCR 62 Abgasnachbehandlung 3D-Keramik 63 VisMut 64 WING 68 Silent Structure 70 Entwicklungspotenzial bei variablen Kfz-Ölpumpen 72 Kunststoff-Rotationsmesser