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Fast response of Scots pine to improved water availability reflected in tree-ring width and δ13C
(2010)
Drought-induced forest decline, like the Scots pine mortality in inner-Alpine valleys, will gain in importance as the frequency and severity of drought events are expected to increase. To understand how chronic drought affects tree growth and tree-ring δ13C values, we studied mature Scots pine in an irrigation experiment in an inner-Alpine valley. Tree growth and isotope analyses were carried out at the annual and seasonal scale. At the seasonal scale, maximum δ13C values were measured after the hottest and driest period of the year, and were associated with decreasing growth rates. Inter-annual δ13C values in early- and latewood showed a strong correlation with annual climatic conditions and an immediate decrease as a response to irrigation. This indicates a tight coupling between wood formation and the freshly produced assimilates for trees exposed to chronic drought. This rapid appearance of the isotopic signal is a strong indication for an immediate and direct transfer of newly synthesized assimilates for biomass production. The fast appearance and the distinct isotopic signal suggest a low availability of old stored carbohydrates. If this was a sign for C-storage depletion, an increasing mortality could be expected when stressors increase the need for carbohydrate for defence, repair or regeneration.
Autonomous robotic systems for penetrating thick ice shells with simultaneous collecting of scientific data are very promising devices in both terrestrial (glacier, climate research) and extra-terrestrial applications. Technical challenges in development of such systems are numerous and include 3D-navigation, an appropriate energy source, motion control, etc. Not less important is the problem of forward contamination of the pristine glacial environments with microorganisms and biomolecules from the surface of the probe. This study was devoted to establishing a laboratory model for microbial contamination of a newly constructed ice-melting probe called IceMole and to analyse the viability and amount of the contaminating microorganisms as a function of distance. The used bacterial strains were Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775). The main objective was development of an efficient and reliable in-situ decontamination method of the melting probe. Therefore, several chemical substances were tested in respect of their efficacy to eliminate bacteria on the surface of the melting probe at low temperature (0 - 5 °C) and at continuous dilution by melted water. Our study has shown that at least 99.9% decontamination of the IceMole can be successfully achieved by the injection of 30% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide and 3% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite into the drilling site. We were able to reproduce this result in both time-dependent and depth-dependent experiments. The sufficient amount of 30% (v/v) H₂O₂ or 3% (v/v) NaClO has been found to be approximately 18 L per cm² of the probe’s surface.
formine 2010 ... ein Haus ... : Workshop ; Fachbereich Architektur / Tünnemann, Thomas [Red.]
(2010)
Forschungsbericht 2010
(2010)
Forschungsbericht / Themenheft : Energie, Mobilität, Luft- und Raumfahrt. 72 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. gedruckte Ausgabe unter der Signatur 91 AKN 100-2010 Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4 Grußworte Prorektorin Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Christiane Vaeßen 6 Highlightprojekte 10 Solar-Institut-Jülich 11 Aquasol und CuveWaters 13 PaRiKo 14 Science College Overbach 15 Summer School Renewable Energy 16 Solarturm Jülich 18 Hochtemperatur-Wanderbett-Wärmeübertrager 20 Stromversorgung mit einem hohen Anteil erneuerbarer Energieerzeuger 21 Standards für solare Prozesswäre 22 Solarturmtechnik (viCERP) 24 Novum-Institut 25 MAK-Energie 26 Exbrut 27 Biogasversuchsanlage 28 MiProBa 30 Elektrotechnik 30 Ultrakompakte Leuchtstofflampe 32 ITP Mobilität 34 Elektromobilität 34 E_bike 37 Konzept-Elektrofahrzeug 4e4 40 Elektromobilitätskonzepte 43 Mobilität und Verkehr 43 Mobiliätskonzept für FH Aachen 44 Luft- und Raumfahrt, Automotive 44 Sonnensegel 46 COMPASS 48 Antriebe für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fahrzeuge 50 SAAE 52 Wasserstoff-Gasturbine 53 HyDI 54 Bioethanol als Flugbenzin 56 Zertifizierung von Luftfahrtantrieben 58 Hydrostatischer Probellerantrieb 59 Hybridantrieb und Flugzeug 61 Mix-SCR 62 Abgasnachbehandlung 3D-Keramik 63 VisMut 64 WING 68 Silent Structure 70 Entwicklungspotenzial bei variablen Kfz-Ölpumpen 72 Kunststoff-Rotationsmesser
Die Entwicklungen der Rechtsinformatik und des Informationsrechts zeigen, dass diese Disziplinen aktuell vor der Herausforderung stehen, eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen ihnen und anderen Disziplinen zu etablieren. Unterschiedliche Publikationskulturen erschweren die Erreichung dieses Ziels. Forschungsportale stellen themenspezifische, internetbasierte Verzeichnisse dar, die bereits vorhandene Informationen strukturiert zugänglich machen. Sie können die Beziehungen zwischen den Disziplinen fördern, indem sie bereits erzielte Arbeitsergebnisse disziplinenübergreifend bekannt machen und dadurch dazu beitragen, Synergiepotenziale und mögliche Kooperationspartner zu identifizieren.
We consider recent reports on small-world topologies of interaction networks derived from the dynamics of spatially extended systems that are investigated in diverse scientific fields such as neurosciences, geophysics, or meteorology. With numerical simulations that mimic typical experimental situations, we have identified an important constraint when characterizing such networks: indications of a small-world topology can be expected solely due to the spatial sampling of the system along with the commonly used time series analysis based approaches to network characterization.