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Baukosten und Finanzierung
(2019)
Der baurechtliche Vertrag
(2019)
Anhand von kurzen theoretischen Einführungen werden anhand von Beispielen die wesentlichen Aspekte des baurechtlichen Vertrages erläutert. Nach einer Einführung über das Zustandekommen von (Bau-) Verträgen wird die für Streitfälle unerlässliche Dokumentation auf Baustellen erläutert. Hierbei werden Hinweise zur Erstellung von Protokollen, zum E-Mail bei Großprojekten und zur Dokumentation von Stundenlohnarbeiten gegeben. Des Weiteren wird eine Schriftverkehrsliste vorgestellt, die zur Nachverfolgung des Schriftverkehrs bei Großprojekten unerlässlich ist.
Anschließend werden die typischen Vertragsarten vorgestellt, die bei der Abwicklung von Großprojekten zu beachten sind und die Unterschiede werden durch Fallbeispiele erläutert.
Einen Schwerpunkt des Kapitels bilden auftragsnehmerseitige Verzüge sowie mangelbehaftete Leistungen. Hier werden Hinweise gegeben, wie in den entsprechenden Situationen zu reagieren ist.
Vermessung
(2019)
Searching optimal continuous-thrust trajectories is usually a difficult and time-consuming task. The solution quality of traditional optimal-control methods depends strongly on an adequate initial guess because the solution is typically close to the initial guess, which may be far from the (unknown) global optimum. Evolutionary neurocontrol attacks continuous-thrust optimization problems from the perspective of artificial intelligence and machine learning, combining artificial neural networks and evolutionary algorithms. This chapter describes the method and shows some example results for single- and multi-phase continuous-thrust trajectory optimization problems to assess its performance. Evolutionary neurocontrol can explore the trajectory search space more exhaustively than a human expert can do with traditional optimal-control methods. Especially for difficult problems, it usually finds solutions that are closer to the global optimum. Another fundamental advantage is that continuous-thrust trajectories can be optimized without an initial guess and without expert supervision.
Wind loads have great impact on many engineering structures. Wind storms often cause irreparable damage to the buildings which are exposed to it. Along with the earthquakes, wind represents one of the most common environmental load on structures and is relevant for limit state design. Modern wind codes indicate calculation procedures allowing engineers to deal with structural systems, which are susceptible to conduct wind-excited oscillations. In the codes approximate formulas for wind buffeting are specified which relate the dynamic problem to rather abstract parameter functions. The complete theory behind is not visible in order to simplify the applicability of the procedures. This chapter derives the underlying basic relations of the spectral method for wind buffeting and explains the main important applications of it in order to elucidate part of the theoretical background of computations after the new codes. The stochasticity of the wind processes is addressed, and the analysis of analytical as well as measurement based power spectra is outlined. Short MATLAB codes are added to the Appendix 3 which carry out the computation of a single sided auto-spectrum from a statistically stationary, discrete stochastic process. Two examples are presented.
In the past decade, many IS researchers focused on researching the phenomenon of Big Data. At the same time, the relevance of data protection gets more attention than ever before. In particular, since the enactment of the European General Data Protection Regulation in May 2018 Information Systems research should provide answers for protecting personal data. The article at hand presents a structuring framework for Big Data research outcome and the consideration of data protection. IS Researchers might use the framework in order to structure Big Data literature and to identify research gaps that should be addressed in the future.
In competition with other modes of transport, rail freight transport is looking for solutions to become more attractive. Short-term success can be achieved through the data-driven optimization of operations and maintenance as well as the application of novel strategies such as prescriptive maintenance. After introducing the concept of prescriptive maintenance, this paper aims to prove that vehicle-focused applications of this approach indeed have the potential to increase attractiveness. However, even greater advantages can be activated if data from the horizontal network of the vehicle is available. Drawing on the state of the art in research and technology in the field of cyber-physical systems (CPS) as well as digital twins and shadows, our work serves to design a system of systems for the horizontal interconnection of a rail vehicle and to conceptualize a draft for a digital twin of a locomotive.
Kombination quantitativer und qualitativer Methoden zur Untersuchung der Studieneingangsphase
(2019)
Forschendes Lernen ist dazu geeignet, epistemische Neugier – definiert als Freude an neuen Erkenntnissen - anzuregen und zu befriedigen. Neben der Selbstwirksamkeit zeigt sich die Neugier als relevant für den Studienerfolg. Allerdings ist bisher nicht geklärt, in welcher Beziehung diese beiden Konstrukte zueinanderstehen.
Kombination qualitativer und quantitativer Methoden zur Untersuchung der Studieneinstiegsphase
(2019)
Mit Hilfe der Kombination von qualitativen und quantitativen Verfahren zielen Mixed-Methods Ansätze darauf ab, einen vertieften Einblick in komplexe Gegenstände zu gewinnen. In der Hochschulbildungsforschung finden sie zunehmend Anklang, da sie besonders geeignet erscheinen, das vielschichtige Wirkungsgefüge zu erfassen, das das Lehren und Lernen an Hochschulen auszeichnet. Der Beitrag geht den Potenzialen von Mixed-Methods Ansätzen am Beispiel einer Studie zur Studieneingangsphase nach, die den Wirkungszusammenhang zwischen der Nutzung von Angeboten für den Studieneinstieg und der Entwicklung von Studierfähigkeit untersucht. Der Beitrag veranschaulicht die Integration von Methoden und Ergebnissen, um Chancen und Grenzen von Mixed-Methods Studien für die Hochschulbildungsforschung zu diskutieren.
In comparison to crude oil, biorefinery raw materials are challenging in concerns of transport and storage. The plant raw materials are more voluminous, so that shredding and compacting usually are necessary before transport. These mechanical processes can have a negative influence on the subsequent biotechnological processing and shelf life of the raw materials. Various approaches and their effects on renewable raw materials are shown. In addition, aspects of decentralized pretreatment steps are discussed. Another important aspect of pretreatment is the varying composition of the raw materials depending on the growth conditions. This problem can be solved with advanced on-site spectrometric analysis of the material.