Open Access

In this paper we introduce a new architecture for the provision of optimized Multimedia Delivery Services based on feedback and context information from the network and the user respectively. Different communication use cases are supported, ranging from point-to-point and peer-to-peer through to mass distribution broadcast/multicast communication. The proposed Smart MultimediA Routing and Transport (SMART) architecture, which is based on a novel overlay network solution, enables the transparent integration of advanced media routing, adaptation and caching mechanisms along the end-to-end media delivery path. A key characteristic of the SMART architecture is the clear separation of user and control plane functionalities. Ambient Networks (ANs) enable the inter-networking of heterogeneous networks for the provision of global connectivity and user-centric services. The concepts presented in this paper represent early results of the Ambient Networks Integrated Project in the area of multimedia routing and adaptation in ANs. As the project continues, the interfaces to AAA, QoS et cetera will be defined in more detail, implemented and finally put forward for standardization.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between different analysis protocols for the determination of retinal vessel dilation response to flicker light (FL) and its relation to static and metabolic parameters of retinal vessels in healthy subjects. Methods: In total, 24 right eyes of 24 healthy controls (mean age: 36.04 ± SD 14.4 years) who underwent dynamic and static retinal diameter and oxygen saturation measurements on a Retinal Vessel Analyzer (RVA, Imedos, Jena, Germany) were included. Using repeated video analyses, responses to FL were measured with RVA. These measurements were conducted at three specific retinal locations: within the superotemporal area—within a distance of less than one optic disk (OD) diameter to optic nerve head (ONH) (group 1); greater than one OD diameter to ONH (group 2); and areas near the ONH within the VesselMap region (group 3). For comparability, the static and oxygen saturation parameters were also calculated in the superotemporal peripapillary area using the VesselMap tool of the RVA and were evaluated in relation to the corresponding dynamic area (group 3). Results: In all groups, the vascular FL response of arteries was less pronounced compared to venules (p = 0.0014). Even though FL responses (mean ± SD: FL-A; FL-V) in group 1 were more pronounced (3.36 ± 2.31; 4.42 ± 1.69) compared to those in group 2 (2.97 ± 2.40; 4.08 ± 1.55) and group 3 (2.84 ± 2.29; 4.21 ± 2.03), they did not reach statistically significant values. The mean flicker response of venules (VDil) in all groups showed negative correlations to the corresponding static parameter: central retinal venous equivalent (CRV) (r = −0.0437; p = 0.015). The mean flicker response of arteries (ADil) in all groups showed negative correlations to the corresponding metabolic parameter: arterio-venous oxygen extraction fraction (r = −0.101; p = 0.041). Conclusions: Our study confirms that the flicker light response, despite slight variations in its duration and location, allows for reliable measurements, proving the Retinal Vessel Analyzer to be a valuable diagnostic tool. Furthermore, we were able to highlight the relationship between the dynamic and metabolic components of retinal supply, which enables early diagnosis concerning the development of diseases within this spectrum.

Beschäftigt man sich mit Möbius-Geometrien, so kommt man zwangsläufig zum Begriff des Halbovoids, denn eine wichtige Klasse von Möbius-Geometrien sind die halbovoidalen Möbius-Geometrien; das sind die Schnittgeometrien von Halbovoiden. Insbesondere sind nach Mäurer [M1] alle mindestens 3dimensionalen Möbius-Geometrien halbovoidal. Diese Tatsache motiviert u.a. die Untersuchung von Halbovoiden.