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On 1st January 1998, the German telecom market was fully liberalised. Since then genuine competition between market participants has developed, based on a comprehensive legal and regulatory framework that provides for safeguards against unfair competition and market power by Deutsche Telekom. Today, about 10 years after the liberalisation of the telecommunications sector a revision of this regulatory approach has become necessary because at least on three dimensions the situation is quite different from the one 10 years ago: First, with numerous established alternative operators in the market monopolies have been successfully challenged and competition introduced. Second, not only is Cable TV becoming in large parts of Germany a viable alternative for the provision of broadband services but also mobile services are becoming increasingly a substitute for fixed services. Last but not least there are important technological changes under way, requiring huge investments in infrastructure upgrades for next generation networks. In the light of these new developments the question is to which extent the current regulatory approach of severe ex-ante regulatory intervention is still appropriate. Is any part of the network of the former incumbent still a bottleneck? A more light handed regulatory approach might be the right response to this new situation. The paper is organised as follows: The first section will briefly examine the economic rationale for regulating network access. Based on the assumption that regulation is always necessary when bottlenecks exist regulatory principles for an efficient network access regime will be derived. The second section compares the situation of the German market in early 1998 with the one of today. Thereby three dimensions will be considered: the degree of competition, the potential for substitution and technological developments. The third section will define some requirements for the future regulation of telecom markets. Proposals will be elaborated how to ensure competitive telecom markets in the light of new economic and technological challenges.
- Wie kam es zu der globalen Finanzkrise? - Wodurch zeichnet sich die Finanzkrise aus? - Wer hat die Finanzkrise verschuldet? - Welche Rolle spielten Spekulanten? - Inwiefern ist die Finanzkrise selbstverschuldet? - Ist die Globalisierung Schuld an den Finanzkrisen in zahlreichen Regionen dieser Welt? - Wie wirkt sich die Finanzkrise auf die Realwirtschaft aus? - Welche Wege bieten sich, aus der Krise herauszukommen?
Inhaltsverzeichnis: Kettern, Jürgen : Grußwort des Dekans Kleiker, Walter : Grußwort des Sektionsleiters Bau des alpha.net Wijnhoven, Ralf : Bauausführung von 14 Brunnenanlagen und 4 km Rohrleitung zur Regelung des Grundwasserstandes und der Vorflut in Voerde-Mehrum. S. 10-11 Ruwisch, Thomas : Spurplanänderung im Bahnhof Düsseldorf-Gerresheim : Wusch, Planung, Planrecht und die Umwelt. S. 12-13. Rickes, Tanja : Bauablaufsteuerung einer Linienbaustelle am Beispiel des Fahrbahnbaus der "HSL-Zuid". S. 14-15. Plum, Andreas : Brandschutzingenieurwesen - Eine Ingenieurdisziplim hat die Akzeptanzschwelle überschritten. Teil 1: Brandsimulationsberechnung. S. 18-19 Flesch, Tobias : Brandschutzingenieurwesen - Eine Ingenieurdisziplin hat die Akzeptanzschwelle überschritten. Teil 2: Tragwerksbemessung im Brandfall. S. 20-21. Müller, Bert : Neubau für die Mediengruppe RTL-Deutschland - High-Tech in dankmalgeschützter Fassade. S. 24-25. Hermens, Gereon : Erhöhung der Akzeptanz von Wasserkraft durch den Bau von Fischaufstiegsanlagen: Umweltschonende Energie für Natur und Klima. S. 26-27 Klitzing, Bastian : Kläranlagenoptimierung : Zukunftsweisende Planungen im Bereich Abwasserreinigung und Energiegewinnung. S. 28-29. Ginster, Marco : Die neue Rheinbrücke Wesel. S. 32-33 Tilke, Hermann ; Wersch, Ralf van : Bauen für einen schnellen Sport. S. 34-35.
Abstract of the authors: In many areas of computer science ontologies become more and more important. The use of ontologies for domain modeling often brings up the issue of ontology integration. The task of merging several ontologies, covering specific subdomains, into one united ontology has to be solved. Many approaches for ontology integration aim at automating the process of ontology alignment. However, a complete automation is not feasible, and user interaction is always required. Nevertheless, most ontology integration tools offer only very limited support for the interactive part of the integration process. In this paper, we present a novel approach for the interactive integration of ontologies. The result of the ontology integration is incrementally updated after each definition of a correspondence between ontology elements. The user is guided through the ontologies to be integrated. By restricting the possible user actions, the integrity of all defined correspondences is ensured by the tool we developed. We evaluated our tool by integrating different regulations concerning building design.
Numerical models have become an essential part of snow avalanche engineering. Recent
advances in understanding the rheology of flowing snow and the mechanics of entrainment and
deposition have made numerical models more reliable. Coupled with field observations and historical
records, they are especially helpful in understanding avalanche flow in complex terrain. However, the
application of numerical models poses several new challenges to avalanche engineers. A detailed
understanding of the avalanche phenomena is required to specify initial conditions (release zone
dimensions and snowcover entrainment rates) as well as the friction parameters, which are no longer
based on empirical back-calculations, rather terrain roughness, vegetation and snow properties. In this
paper we discuss these problems by presenting the computer model RAMMS, which was specially
designed by the SLF as a practical tool for avalanche engineers. RAMMS solves the depth-averaged
equations governing avalanche flow with first and second-order numerical solution schemes. A
tremendous effort has been invested in the implementation of advanced input and output features.
Simulation results are therefore clearly and easily visualized to simplify their interpretation. More
importantly, RAMMS has been applied to a series of well-documented avalanches to gauge model
performance. In this paper we present the governing differential equations, highlight some of the input
and output features of RAMMS and then discuss the simulation of the Gatschiefer avalanche that
occurred in April 2008, near Klosters/Monbiel, Switzerland.
Solar tower power plants
(2008)
7th International Conference on Reliability of Materials and Structures (RELMAS 2008). June 17 - 20, 2008 ; Saint Petersburg, Russia. pp 354-358. Reprint with corrections in red Introduction Analysis of advanced structures working under extreme heavy loading such as nuclear power plants and piping system should take into account the randomness of loading, geometrical and material parameters. The existing reliability are restricted mostly to the elastic working regime, e.g. allowable local stresses. Development of the limit and shakedown reliability-based analysis and design methods, exploiting potential of the shakedown working regime, is highly needed. In this paper the application of a new algorithm of probabilistic limit and shakedown analysis for shell structures is presented, in which the loading and strength of the material as well as the thickness of the shell are considered as random variables. The reliability analysis problems may be efficiently solved by using a system combining the available FE codes, a deterministic limit and shakedown analysis, and the First and Second Order Reliability Methods (FORM/SORM). Non-linear sensitivity analyses are obtained directly from the solution of the deterministic problem without extra computational costs.
The sorption of LPS toxic shock by nanoparticles on base of carbonized vegetable raw materials
(2008)
Immobilization of lactobacillus on high temperature carbonizated vegetable raw material (rice husk, grape stones) increases their physiological activity and the quantity of the antibacterial metabolits, that consequently lead to increase of the antagonistic activity of lactobacillus. It is implies that the use of the nanosorbents for the attachment of the probiotical microorganisms are highly perspective for decision the important problems, such as the probiotical preparations delivery to the right address and their attachment to intestines mucosa with the following detoxication of gastro-intestinal tract and the normalization of it’s microecology. Besides that, thus, the received carbonizated nanoparticles have peculiar properties – ability to sorption of LPS toxical shock and, hence, to the detoxication of LPS.
Optimization of the reaeration potential on embankment stepped spillways in skimming flow regime
(2008)
Tool supported requirements analysis for the user centered development of mobile enterprise software
(2008)
A user centered development method has proved satisfactory for the development of mobile enterprise software. To make use of this method, detailed information about the user and the place where the user interacts with his mobile device is required. This article describes how both can be modeled by a stereotypical and conceptual extended UML extension. Finally, a software tool is presented that supports the developed UML extension.
Time-of-flight (ToF) sensors have become an alternative to conventional distance sensing techniques like laser scanners or image based stereo. ToF sensors provide full range distance information at high frame-rates and thus have a significant impact onto current research in areas like online object recognition, collision prevention or scene reconstruction. However, ToF cameras like the photonic mixer device (PMD) still exhibit a number of challenges regarding static and dynamic effects, e.g. systematic distance errors and motion artefacts, respectively. Sensor calibration techniques reducing static system errors have been proposed and show promising results. However, current calibration techniques in general need a large set of reference data in order to determine the corresponding parameters for the calibration model. This paper introduces a new calibration approach which combines different demodulation techniques for the ToF- camera 's reference signal. Examples show, that the resulting combined demodulation technique yields improved distance values based on only two required reference data sets.