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Booster stations can fulfill a varying pressure demand with high energy-efficiency, because individual pumps can be deactivated at smaller loads. Although this is a seemingly simple approach, it is not easy to decide precisely when to activate or deactivate pumps. Contemporary activation controls derive the switching points from the current volume flow through the system. However, it is not measured directly for various reasons. Instead, the controller estimates the flow based on other system properties. This causes further uncertainty for the switching decision. In this paper, we present a method to find a robust, yet energy-efficient activation strategy.
Changes in intestinal microflora in rats induced by oral exposure to low lead (II) concentrations
(2015)
We present an electromechanically coupled Finite Element model for cardiac tissue. It bases on the mechanical model for cardiac tissue of Hunter et al. that we couple to the McAllister-Noble-Tsien electrophysiological model of purkinje fibre cells. The corresponding system of ordinary differential equations is implemented on the level of the constitutive equations in a geometrically and physically nonlinear version of the so-called edge-based smoothed FEM for plates. Mechanical material parameters are determined from our own pressure-deflection experimental setup. The main purpose of the model is to further examine the experimental results not only on mechanical but also on electrophysiological level down to ion channel gates. Moreover, we present first drug treatment simulations and validate the model with respect to the experiments.
Capacitive field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor sensors consisting of an Al-p-Si-SiO2 structure have been used for the electrical detection of unlabelled single- and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules by their intrinsic charge. A simple functionalization protocol based on the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique was used to prepare a weak polyelectrolyte/probe-DNA bilayer, followed by the hybridization with complementary target DNA molecules. Due to the flat orientation of the LbL-adsorbed DNA molecules, a high sensor signal has been achieved. In addition, direct label-free detection of in-solution hybridized dsDNA molecules has been studied.