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In: Technical feasibility and reliability of passive safety systems for nuclear power plants. Proceedings of an Advisory Group Meeting held in Jülich, 21-24 November 1994. - Vienna , 1996. - Seite: 43 - 55 IAEA-TECDOC-920 Abstract: It is shown that the difficulty for probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) is the general problem of the high reliability of a small population. There is no way around the problem as yet. Therefore what PFM can contribute to the reliability of steel pressure boundaries is demonstrated with the example of a typical reactor pressure vessel and critically discussed. Although no method is distinguishable that could give exact failure probabilities, PFM has several additional chances. Upper limits for failure probability may be obtained together with trends for design and operating conditions. Further, PFM can identify the most sensitive parameters, improved control of which would increase reliability. Thus PFM should play a vital role in the analysis of steel pressure boundaries despite all shortcomings.
During the Covid-19 pandemic, vocational colleges, universities of applied science and technical universities often had to cancel laboratory sessions requiring students’ attendance. These above of all are of decisive importance in order to give learners an understanding of theory through practical work.This paper is a contribution to the implementation of distance learning for laboratory work applicable for several upper secondary educational facilities. Its aim is to provide a paradigm for hybrid teaching to analyze and control a non-linear system depicted by a tank model. For this reason, we redesign a full series of laboratory sessions on the basis of various challenges. Thus, it is suitable to serve different reference levels of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF).We present problem-based learning through online platforms to compensate the lack of a laboratory learning environment. With a task deduced from their future profession, we give students the opportunity to develop own solutions in self-defined time intervals. A requirements specification provides the framework conditions in terms of time and content for students having to deal with the challenges of the project in a self-organized manner with regard to inhomogeneous previous knowledge. If the concept of Complete Action is introduced in classes before, they will automatically apply it while executing the project.The goal is to combine students’ scientific understanding with a procedural knowledge. We suggest a series of remote laboratory sessions that combine a problem formulation from the subject area of Measurement, Control and Automation Technology with a project assignment that is common in industry by providing extracts from a requirements specification.
In the presented paper data collected from the field related to damage statistics of electrical and electronic apparatus in household are reported and investigated. These damages (total number approx. 74000 cases), registered by five German insurance companies in 2005 and 2006, were adviced by customers as caused by lightning overvoltages. With the use of stochastical methods it is possible, to reasses the collected data and to distinguish between cases, which are with high probability caused by lightning overvoltages, and those, which are not. If there was an indication for a direct strike, this case was excluded, so the focus was only on indirect lightning flashes, i.e. only flashes to ground near the structure and flashes to or nearby an incoming service line were investigated. The data from the field contain the location of damaged apparatus (residence of the policy holder) and the distances of the nearest cloud-to-ground stroke to the location of the damage registered by the German lightning location network BLIDS at the date of damage. The statistical data along with some complementary numerical simulations allow to verify the correspondence of the Standards rules used for IEC 62305-2 with the field data and to define some correction needs. The results could lead to a better understanding whether a damage reported to an insurance company is really caused by indirect lightning, or not.
The problem of fair and privacy-preserving ordered set reconciliation arises in a variety of applications like auctions, e-voting, and appointment reconciliation. While several multi-party protocols have been proposed that solve this problem in the semi-honest model, there are no multi-party protocols that are secure in the malicious model so far. In this paper, we close this gap. Our newly proposed protocols are shown to be secure in the malicious model based on a variety of novel non-interactive zero-knowledge-proofs. We describe the implementation of our protocols and evaluate their performance in comparison to protocols solving the problem in the semi-honest case.
Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency and is considered a high-risk asset class whose price changes are difficult to predict. Current research focusses on daily price movements with a limited number of predictors. The paper at hand aims at identifying measurable indicators for Bitcoin price movements and the development of a suitable forecasting model for hourly changes. The paper provides three research contributions. First, a set of significant indicators for predicting the Bitcoin price is identified. Second, the results of a trained Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) neural network that predicts price changes on an hourly basis is presented and compared with other algorithms. Third, the results foster discussions of the applicability of neural nets for stock price predictions. In total, 47 input features for a period of over 10 months could be retrieved to train a neural net that predicts the Bitcoin price movements with an error rate of 3.52 %.
Praktische Untersuchungen zum zeitlichen Übertragungs- und Bündelfehlerverhalten der IEEE 802.15.4
(2006)
This work proposes a hybrid algorithm combining an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with a conventional local path planner to navigate UAVs efficiently in various unknown urban environments. The proposed method of a Hybrid Artificial Neural Network Avoidance System is called HANNAS. The ANN analyses a video stream and classifies the current environment. This information about the current Environment is used to set several control parameters of a conventional local path planner, the 3DVFH*. The local path planner then plans the path toward a specific goal point based on distance data from a depth camera. We trained and tested a state-of-the-art image segmentation algorithm, PP-LiteSeg. The proposed HANNAS method reaches a failure probability of 17%, which is less than half the failure probability of the baseline and around half the failure probability of an improved, bio-inspired version of the 3DVFH*. The proposed HANNAS method does not show any disadvantages regarding flight time or flight distance.
The optical properties of the thin metalized polymer films that are projected for solar sails are assumed to be affected by the erosive effects of the space environment. Their degradation behavior in the real space environment, however, is to a considerable degree indefinite, because initial ground test results are controversial and relevant inspace tests have not been made so far. The standard optical solar sail models that are currently used for trajectory design do not take optical degradation into account, hence its potential effects on trajectory design have not been investigated so far. Nevertheless, optical degradation is important for high-fidelity solar sail mission design, because it decreases both the magnitude of the solar radiation pressure force acting on the sail and also the sail control authority. Therefore, we propose a simple parametric optical solar sail degradation model that describes the variation of the sail film’s optical coefficients with time, depending on the sail film’s environmental history, i.e., the radiation dose. The primary intention of our model is not to describe the exact behavior of specific film-coating combinations in the real space environment, but to provide a more general parametric framework for describing the general optical degradation behavior of solar sails. Using our model, the effects of different optical degradation behaviors on trajectory design are investigated for various exemplary missions.
The Ministry of Science and Research in North Rhine-Westphalia created eight platforms of excellence, one in the research area „Energy and Environment“ in 2002 at ACUAS. This platform concentrates the research and development of 13 professors in Jülich and Aachen and of two scientific institutes with different topics: – NOWUM-Energy with emphasis on efficient and economic energy conversion – The Solar Institute Jülich – SIJ – being the largest research institute in the field of renewables at a University of Applied Sciences in Germany With this platform each possible energy conversion – nuclear, fossil, renewable- can be dealt with to help solving the two most important problems of mankind, energy and potable water. At the CSE are presented the historical development, some research results and the combined master studies in „Energy Systems“ and „Nuclear Applications“
Plasma-Spritzen
(1991)
Recently, SHARP corporation has developed the world’s first "Plasma Cluster Ions® (PCI)" air purification technology, which uses plasma discharge to generate cluster ions. The new Plasma Cluster Device releases positive and negative ions into the air, which are harmless to humans and are able to decompose and deactivate airborne substances by chemical reactions. In the past, phenomenological tests on the efficacy of the PCI air purification technology on microbial cells have been conducted. In most cases, it has been shown that PCI demonstrated strongly pronounced killing effects on microorganisms. However, the particular mechanisms of PCI action still have to be uncovered.
Recently, SHARP corporation has developed the world’s first “Plasma Cluster Ions (PCI)” air purification technology, which uses plasma discharge to generate cluster ions. The new plasma cluster device releases into the air positive and negative ions, which are harmless to humans and are able to decompose and deactivate airborne substances by chemical reactions. A lot of phenomenological tests of the PCI air purification technology on microbial cells have been conducted. And, in most cases, it has been shown that PCI demonstrate strongly pronounced killing effect. Although, the particular mechanisms of PCI action are still not evident. We studied variations in resistance to PCI among gram-positive airborne microorganisms, as well as some dose-dependent, spatial, cultural and biochemical properties of PCI action in respect of Staphylococcus spp, Enterococcus spp, Micrococcus spp.
In: Alfha.net / Sektion Bauingenieurwesen: 1. [Erster] Erfahrungsaustausch : Absolventen des Fachbereichs Bauingenieurwesens berichten. 13. Oktober 2006. S. 16-17 Der Umbau des Aachener Buschtunnels im Rahmen des europäischen Hochgeschwindigkeitsschienennetzes wird im sogenannten "Neuen Österreichischen Tunnelbauverfahren (NOeT)", also ein Ausbau in Kalotte, Strosse und Sohle durchgeführt.
This paper addresses the pixel based recognition of 3D objects with bidirectional associative memories. Computational power and memory requirements for this approach are identified and compared to the performance of current computer architectures by benchmarking different processors. It is shown, that the performance of special purpose hardware, like neurocomputers, is between one and two orders of magnitude higher than the performance of mainstream hardware. On the other hand, the calculation of small neural networks is performed more efficiently on mainstream processors. Based on these results a novel concept is developed, which is tailored for the efficient calculation of bidirectional associative memories. The computational efficiency is further enhanced by the application of algorithms and storage techniques which are matched to characteristics of the application at hand.
Physical layer specification of the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (L-DACS1)
(2009)
Phase Repeatable Synthesizers as a New Harmonic Phase Standard for Nonlinear Network Analysis
(2018)
In this paper, methods of sample preparation for potentiometric measurement of phenylalanine are presented. Basing on the spectrophotometric measurements of phenylalanine, the concentrations of reagents of the enzymatic reaction (10 mM L-Phe, 0,4 mM NAD+, 2U L-PheDH) were determined. Then, the absorption spectrum of the reaction product, NADH, was monitored (maximum peak at 340 nm). The results obtained by the spectrophotometric method were compared with the results obtained by the colourimetry, using pH indicators. The above-mentioned two methods will be used as references for potentiometric measurements of phenylalanine concentration.
Solar-electric propulsion (SEP) is superior with
respect to payload capacity, flight time and
flexible launch window to the conventional
interplanetary transfer method using chemical
propulsion combined with gravity assists. This fact
results from the large exhaust velocities of electric
low–thrust propulsion and is favourable also for
missions to the giant planets, Kuiper-belt objects
and even for a heliopause probe (IHP) as shown in
three studies by the authors funded by DLR. They
dealt with a lander for Europa and a sample return
mission from a mainbelt asteroid [1], with the
TANDEM mission [2]; the third recent one
investigates electric propulsion for the transfer to
the edge of the solar system.
All studies are based on triple-junction solar arrays,
on rf-ion thrusters of the qualified RIT-22 type and
they use the intelligent trajectory optimization
program InTrance [3].
Solar sailcraft provide a wide range of opportunities for high-energy low-cost missions. To date, most mission studies require a rather demanding performance that will not be realized by solar sailcraft of the first generation.
However, even with solar sailcraft of moderate performance, scientifically relevant missions are feasible. This is demonstrated with a Near Earth Asteroid sample return mission and various planetary rendezvous missions.
The vaginal prolapse after hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) is often associated with the prolapse of the vaginal vault, rectum, bladder, urethra or small bowel. Minimally
invasive surgery such as laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy and pectopexy are widely performed for the treatment of the vaginal prolapse with weakly supported vaginal vault after hysterectomy using prosthetic mesh implants to support (or strengthen) lax apical ligaments. Implants of different shape, size and polymers are selected depending on the patient’s anatomy and the surgeon’s preference. In this computational study on pectopexy, DynaMesh®-PRP soft, GYNECARE GYNEMESH® PS Nonabsorbable PROLENE® soft and Ultrapro® are tested in a 3D finite element model of the female pelvic floor. The mesh model is implanted into the extraperitoneal space and sutured to the vaginal stump with a bilateral fixation to the iliopectineal ligament at both sides. Numerical simulations are conducted at rest, after surgery and during Valsalva maneuver with weakened tissues modeled by reduced tissue stiffness. Tissues and prosthetic meshes are modeled as incompressible, isotropic hyperelastic materials. The positions of the organs are calculated with respect to the pubococcygeal line (PCL) for female pelvic floor at rest, after repair and during Valsalva maneuver using the three meshes.
Applications of Graph Transformations with Industrial Relevance Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004, Volume 3062/2004, 90-105, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-25959-6_7 In this paper we discuss how tools for conceptual design in civil engineering can be developed using graph transformation specifications. These tools consist of three parts: (a) for elaborating specific conceptual knowledge (knowledge engineer), (b) for working out conceptual design results (architect), and (c) automatic consistency analyses which guarantee that design results are consistent with the underlying specific conceptual knowledge. For the realization of such tools we use a machinery based on graph transformations. In a traditional PROGRES tool specification the conceptual knowledge for a class of buildings is hard-wired within the specification. This is not appropriate for the experimentation platform approach we present in this paper, as objects and relations for conceptual knowledge are due to many changes, implied by evaluation of their use and corresponding improvements. Therefore, we introduce a parametric specification method with the following characteristics: (1) The underlying specific knowledge for a class of buildings is not fixed. Instead, it is built up as a data base by using the knowledge tools. (2) The specification for the architect tools also does not incorporate specific conceptual knowledge. (3) An incremental checker guarantees whether a design result is consistent with the current state of the underlying conceptual knowledge (data base).
Dipl.Ing. Johann Andorfer , Tandler.com GmbH, Buch a. Erlbach. Abstract zum 1. Aachener Softwaretag in der Wasserwirtschaft <1,2007, Aachen>. 2 S. (S. 136-137) Eine nachhaltige Sicherung der Funktionalität und der ökologischen Verträglichkeit eines mittleren bis großen Kanalnetzes erfordert eine umfassende und detaillierte Modellierung in Raum und Zeit. Um den in den Richtlinien geforderten statistischen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden und die jährlichen Häufigkeiten, Mengen und Zeiträume der Belastungen erwartungstreu abschätzen zu können, ist es zielführend und notwendig, lange Zeiträume und die Gesamtheit der Einzugsgebiete möglichst detailliert zu betrachten. Die hydraulische Funktionalität und Sicherheit soll meistens mit Hilfe zeitsymmetrischer (hydrodynamischer) Verfahren nur durch Betrachtung von Modellregen, allenfalls Regenserien, sichergestellt werden. Für die Abschätzung der jährlich zu erwartenden Emissionen in unsere natürlichen Gewässer mit ihren Mengen, Frequenzen und Dauern werden normalerweise Langzeitsimulationen natürlicher Regenreihen über möglichst große Zeiträume mit zeitasymmetrischen (hydrologischen) Verfahren durchgeführt. Die betrachteten Kanalnetze werden zumeist vereinfacht (Grobnetze), um die Rechenzeiten erträglicher zu gestalten. Wünschenswert wäre jedoch eine allen Anforderungen gerecht werdende wirklichkeitsnahe Modellierung des gesamten Kanalnetzes in all seinen Details, Vermaschungen und Wechselwirkungen (Feinnetz) und dessen zeitsymmetrische und damit verlässliche Simulation mit langjährigen Regenreihen. Bereits vor 15 Jahren wurde im Hause Tandler begonnen, die Berechnungssoftware durch Parallelisierung auf symmetrische Multiprozessortechnologien auszurichten. In neuerer Zeit hält diese Technik durch die Mehrkernprozessoren in normalen Notebooks und PCs Einzug in die Ingenieurbüros und Abwasserbetriebe und sorgt schon für wesentliche Einsparungen an Rechenzeit. Doch erst durch die Kombination der Parallelisierung mit dem Prinzip des verteilten Rechnens (d.h. die Einbeziehung mehrerer PCs eines Netzwerkes in die Berechnung) erhält man die Chance ausreichend Rechenkapazität zur Verfügung zu stellen, um nicht nur eine einzelne Langzeitsimulation eines Feinnetzes durchzuführen, sondern sogar mehrere Sanierungsalternativen zu überprüfen. Die zukunftsweisenden Arbeiten von Dipl. Math. R. Tandler auf diesem Gebiet sind Thema dieses Vortrags.
Pandaboard, TurtleBot, Kinect und Co. : Low-Cost Hardware im Lehreinsatz für die mobile Robotik.
(2012)
Mit freundlicher Genehmigung der Autoren und des Oldenbourg Industrieverlags https://www.oldenbourg-industrieverlag.de/de/9783835633223-33223 erschienen als Beitrag im Tagungsband zur AALE-Tagung 2012. 9. Fachkonferenz 4.-5. Mai 2012, Aachen, Fachhochschule. ISBN 9783835633223 S 8-1 S. 229-238 Original-Abstract des Autors: "Die mobile Robotik wird durch den Einsatz von Low-Cost Hardware einem breiten Publikum zugänglich. Bis vor kurzem basierte eine erschwingliche Hardware meist auf Mikrocontrollern mit den entsprechenden Leistungseinschränkungen z.B. im Bereich der Bildverarbeitung. Die Wahrnehmung einer 3D-Umgebung und somit die Möglichkeit zur autonomen Navigation wurde mit relativ kostenintensiver Hardware, z.B. Stereo-Vision-Systemen und Laserscannern gelöst. Die zur Auswertung der Sensorik notwendige Rechenleistung stand - entweder aufgrund des Stromverbrauchs oder der Performance meist für mobile Plattformen (lokal) - nicht zur Verfügung. Durch Einsatz von leistungsfähigen Prozessoren aus dem Bereich der Mobilgeräte (Smartphones, Tablets) und neuartigen Sensoren des Consumer-Bereichs, wie der Kinect, können mobile Roboter kostengünstig für den Einsatz in der Lehre aufgebaut werden.
Masonry is used in many buildings not only for load-bearing walls, but also for non-load-bearing enclosure elements in the form of infill walls. Many studies confirmed that infill walls interact with the surrounding reinforced concrete frame, thus changing dynamic characteristics of the structure. Consequently, masonry infills cannot be neglected in the design process. However, although the relevant standards contain requirements for infill walls, they do not describe how these requirements are to be met concretely. This leads in practice to the fact that the infill walls are neither dimensioned nor constructed correctly. The evidence of this fact is confirmed by the recent earthquakes, which have led to enormous damages, sometimes followed by the total collapse of buildings and loss of human lives. Recently, the increasing effort has been dedicated to the approach of decoupling of masonry infills from the frame elements by introducing the gap in between. This helps in removing the interaction between infills and frame, but raises the question of out-of-plane stability of the panel. This paper presents the results of the experimental campaign showing the out-of-plane behavior of masonry infills decoupled with the system called INODIS (Innovative decoupled infill system), developed within the European project INSYSME (Innovative Systems for Earthquake Resistant Masonry Enclosures in Reinforced Concrete Buildings). Full scale specimens were subjected to the different loading conditions and combinations of in-plane and out-of-plane loading. Out-of-plane capacity of the masonry infills with the INODIS system is compared with traditionally constructed infills, showing that INODIS system provides reliable out-of-plane connection under various loading conditions. In contrast, traditional infills performed very poor in the case of combined and simultaneously applied in-plane and out-of-plane loading, experiencing brittle behavior under small in-plane drifts followed by high out-of-plane displacements. Decoupled infills with the INODIS system have remained stable under out-of-plane loads, even after reaching high in-plane drifts and being damaged.
To increase pressure to supply all floors of high buildings with water, booster stations, normally consisting of several parallel pumps in the basement, are used. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of a decentralized pump topology regarding energy savings in water supply systems of skyscrapers. We present an approach, based on Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming, that allows to choose an optimal network topology and optimal pumps from a predefined construction kit comprising different pump types. Using domain-specific scaling laws and Latin Hypercube Sampling, we generate different input sets of pump types and compare their impact on the efficiency and cost of the total system design. As a realistic application example, we consider a hotel building with 325 rooms, 12 floors and up to four pressure zones.
Optimization of the reaeration potential on embankment stepped spillways in skimming flow regime
(2008)
Successful optimization requires an appropriate model of the system under consideration. When selecting a suitable level of detail, one has to consider solution quality as well as the computational and implementation effort. In this paper, we present a MINLP for a pumping system for the drinking water supply of high-rise buildings. We investigate the influence of the granularity of the underlying physical models on the solution quality. Therefore, we model the system with a varying level of detail regarding the friction losses, and conduct an experimental validation of our model on a modular test rig. Furthermore, we investigate the computational effort and show that it can be reduced by the integration of domain-specific knowledge.
With the increased interest for interstellar exploration after the discovery of exoplanets and the proposal by Breakthrough Starshot, this paper investigates the optimisation of photon-sail trajectories in Alpha Centauri. The prime objective is to find the optimal steering strategy for a photonic sail to get captured around one of the stars after a minimum-time transfer from Earth. By extending the idea of the Breakthrough Starshot project with a deceleration phase upon arrival, the mission’s scientific yield will be increased. As a secondary objective, transfer trajectories between the stars and orbit-raising manoeuvres to explore the habitable zones of the stars are investigated. All trajectories are optimised for minimum time of flight using the trajectory optimisation software InTrance. Depending on the sail technology, interstellar travel times of 77.6-18,790 years can be achieved, which presents an average improvement of 30% with respect to previous work. Still, significant technological development is required to reach and be captured in the Alpha-Centauri system in less than a century. Therefore, a fly-through mission arguably remains the only option for a first exploratory mission to Alpha Centauri, but the enticing results obtained in this work provide perspective for future long-residence missions to our closest neighbouring star system.
Optimierung des potentiellen Sauerstoffeintrags auf Treppenschussrinnen mit gemäßigter Neigung
(2009)
We propose a simple parametric OSSD model that describes the variation of the sail film's optical coefficients with time, depending on the sail film's environmental history, i.e., the radiation dose. The primary intention of our model is not to describe the exact behavior of specific film-coating combinations in the real space environment, but to provide a more general parametric framework for describing the general optical degradation behavior of solar sails.
Even though BIM (Building Information Modelling) is successfully implemented in most of the world, it is still in the early stages in Germany, since the stakeholders are sceptical of its reliability and efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the opportunities and obstacles to implementing BIM for prefabrication. Among all other advantages of BIM, prefabrication is chosen for this paper because it plays a vital role in creating an impact on the time and cost factors of a construction project. The project stakeholders and participants can explicitly observe the positive impact of prefabrication, which enables the breakthrough of the scepticism factor among the small-scale construction companies. The analysis consists of the development of a process workflow for implementing prefabrication in building construction followed by a practical approach, which was executed with two case studies. It was planned in such a way that, the first case study gives a first-hand experience for the workers at the site on the BIM model so that they can make much use of the created BIM model, which is a better representation compared to the traditional 2D plan. The main aim of the first case study is to create a belief in the implementation of BIM Models, which was succeeded by the execution of offshore prefabrication in the second case study. Based on the case studies, the time analysis was made and it is inferred that the implementation of BIM for prefabrication can reduce construction time, ensures minimal wastes, better accuracy, less problem-solving at the construction site. It was observed that this process requires more planning time, better communication between different disciplines, which was the major obstacle for successful implementation. This paper was carried out from the perspective of small and medium-sized mechanical contracting companies for the private building sector in Germany.
In: Forum Bauinformatik 2005 : junge Wissenschaftler forschen / [Lehrstuhl Bauinformatik, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus. Frank Schley ... (Hrsg.)]. - Cottbus : Techn. Universität 2005. S. 1-10 ISBN 3-934934-11-0
Mittels eines operationalen Ansatzes zur Semantikdefinition wird am Bei-spiel des konzeptuellen Gebäudeentwurfs ein Regelsystem formalisiert. Dazu werdenzwei Teile, zum einen das Regelwissen, zum anderen ein konzeptueller Entwurfsplan zunächst informell eingeführt und dann formal beschrieben. Darauf aufbauend wird die Grundlage für eine Konsistenzprüfung des konzeptuellen Entwurfs gegen das Regel-wissen formal angeben
As part of the transnational research project EDITOR, a parabolic trough collector system (PTC) with concrete thermal energy storage (C-TES) was installed and commissioned in Limassol, Cyprus. The system is located on the premises of the beverage manufacturer KEAN Soft Drinks Ltd. and its function is to supply process steam for the factory's pasteurisation process [1]. Depending on the factory's seasonally varying capacity for beverage production, the solar system delivers between 5 and 25 % of the total steam demand. In combination with the C-TES, the solar plant can supply process steam on demand before sunrise or after sunset. Furthermore, the C-TES compensates the PTC during the day in fluctuating weather conditions. The parabolic trough collector as well as the control and oil handling unit is designed and manufactured by Protarget AG, Germany. The C-TES is designed and produced by CADE Soluciones de Ingeniería, S.L., Spain. In the focus of this paper is the description of the operational experience with the PTC, C-TES and boiler during the commissioning and operation phase. Additionally, innovative optimisation measures are presented.
The planned coal phase-out in Germany by 2038 will lead to the dismantling of power plants with a total capacity of approx. 30 GW. A possible further use of these assets is the conversion of the power plants to thermal storage power plants; the use of these power plants on the day-ahead market is considerably limited by their technical parameters. In this paper, the influence of the technical boundary conditions on the operating times of these storage facilities is presented. For this purpose, the storage power plants were described as an MILP problem and two price curves, one from 2015 with a relatively low renewable penetration (33 %) and one from 2020 with a high renewable energy penetration (51 %) are compared. The operating times were examined as a function of the technical parameters and the critical influencing factors were investigated. The thermal storage power plant operation duration and the energy shifted with the price curve of 2020
increases by more than 25 % compared to 2015.
Laser-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes for the use of metals out of the powder bed have been investigated profusely and are prevalent in industry. Although there is a broad field of application, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), also known as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of glass is not fully developed yet. The material properties of glass are significantly different from the investigated metallic material for LPBF so far. As such, the process cannot be transferred, and the parameter limits and the process sequence must be redefined for glass. Starting with the characterization of glass powders, a parameter field is initially confined to investigate the process parameter of different glass powder using LPBFprocess. A feasibility study is carried out to process borosilicate glass powder. The effects of process parameters on the dimensional accuracy of fabricated parts out of borosilicate and hints for the post-processing are analysed and presented in this paper.